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Learning based on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is an effective strategy for sharpening children's intelligence in elementary schools. HOTS questions are designed to train students' critical, analytical, and creative thinking skills, enabling them to solve problems independently. This article discusses the basic concepts of HOTS questions, strategies for their implementation in learning, and their benefits in improving children's comprehension quality. Several effective strategies in HOTS-based learning include using challenging questions, problem-based learning, reflective discussions, and utilizing technology and interactive media. Additionally, this article identifies the challenges faced in implementing HOTS in elementary schools and solutions that educators can apply. With proper implementation, HOTS questions can help students develop higher-order thinking skills essential for facing future challenges.    

Breast milk (BM) is the optimal source of nutrition for newborns up to six months old, providing essential antibodies, complete nutrition, and easier digestion compared to formula milk. Exclusive breastfeeding is crucial for infant health, and efforts to support lactation include consuming a balanced and nutritious diet. This study aimed to examine the effect of papaya and watermelon consumption on breast milk expression in nursing mothers. The research utilized a true experimental design with a two-group post-test approach, conducted over five consecutive days. The intervention involved consuming 400 grams of cut papaya and 300 grams of watermelon daily. The study population consisted of postpartum mothers with infants aged 0–6 months, and the sampling technique used was probability sampling, resulting in a total of 42 respondents. Participants were divided into two groups: 21 in the control group and 21 in the intervention group. The Wilcoxon test was applied for statistical analysis. The findings revealed that papaya consumption significantly affected breast milk expression, with a p-value of 0.046 (<0.05), accepting the alternative hypothesis (Ha). This result indicated that papaya intervention increased breast milk expression by 2,000 times. Similarly, the watermelon intervention showed a significant effect, with a p-value of 0.02 (<0.05), also leading to the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (Ha). The analysis suggested that watermelon consumption improved breast milk expression in nursing mothers by 3.162 times. These findings highlight the potential benefits of consuming papaya and watermelon in enhancing lactation, providing valuable insights for nursing mothers and healthcare professionals in supporting breastfeeding practices.

Empowering an effective work culture is the key to improving team performance to achieve the vision and mission of the Student Activity Unit (UKM), especially UKM Sakuntala. In improving the performance of the Sakuntala UKM team, they often face several challenges in terms of communication, motivation, training, performance monitoring and giving awards. To overcome these challenges, training was carried out using counseling and question and answer methods, presenting material on the concept of effective work culture in improving team performance. The research results show that an effective work culture, such as effective communication, teamwork, and motivation, has a significant impact on the performance of the Sakuntala UKM team. Material includes Empowering an Effective Work Culture, Collaboration and Teamwork, and the Role of Leaders. The results of this outreach show that all members of UKM Sakuntala have a fairly good understanding of effective work culture and understand enough about improving teamwork. This counseling also emphasizes the importance of harmonious relationships between leaders and subordinates, as well as a conducive work environment. It is hoped that this counseling can help Sakuntala UKM members develop a more effective work culture, improve communication skills, strengthen the performance of the Sakuntala UKM team, and provide insight into facing the challenges that exist in the organization. This provides a strong foundation for empowering a more effective work culture in the future for Sakuntala.

Being a teacher is a noble task because it has an important role in educating the nation and shaping the character of the new generation, because the micro teaching program is important to prepare students to become professional educators. This article aims to examine the Role of Field Supervisors in Increasing the Effectiveness of the Micro Teaching Program of the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, Al-Qur'an Science University, Wonosobo. The study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method on 35 DPLs who guided 409 students in the micro teaching program. The results of the study indicate that DPLs have an important role in the effectiveness of the microteaching program by coordinating planning, implementation and reporting with the Committee, Faculty, and students, in order to ensure a significant impact for each party. In addition, student readiness and involvement appear as mediators in this relationship. These findings influence students and universities to try to enrich learning methods and strategies. Future studies can explore additional variables that further optimize the impact of multiple approaches and micro teaching on students' readiness to undergo the PPL program.

Speed reading is an essential skill in modern education, requiring students to quickly and effectively comprehend information. This study aims to examine innovative and effective strategies for developing students' speed reading abilities in the era of modern learning. The research method used is library research, involving an extensive review of books, scholarly journals, and previous studies relevant to speed reading instruction. The findings indicate that the most effective strategies for improving speed reading skills include a combination of skimming and scanning techniques, minimizing subvocalization, and practicing word visualization. Additionally, the integration of digital technologies, such as AI-based learning applications and interactive platforms, has been shown to enhance both reading speed and comprehension. Constructivist and cognitive learning theories also play a crucial role in developing adaptive strategies tailored to students' needs. Despite the proven effectiveness of these strategies, several challenges remain, such as low reading motivation, difficulties in maintaining focus, and limited access to technology in certain educational settings. Therefore, educators must foster a conducive learning environment and incorporate appropriate technological tools to support the development of speed reading skills. This study contributes to the development of more innovative and adaptive speed reading instructional models in the digital era. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for educators in implementing more effective strategies to enhance students' speed reading abilities.

For girls, menarche was the first time they had their period, which was marked by changes in their bodies and minds.  Several things can make teenage girls anxious, and one of them is that they don't know enough about menstruation. This means that when they hit puberty, they aren't ready and don't know what to do.  Our study's goal is to find out how well smile education reduces the stress that teenage girls feel as they approach menarche at SD Islam Sultan Agung 01 Semarang and SD Islam Sultan Agung 04 Semarang.  This research is a type of quasi-experimental research with a control group design with two groups: one before the test and one after the test.  The sample was made up of 156 people.  A proportionate stratified random sample method was used, and a questionnaire was used as a study tool.  The Wilcoxon Sign Rank test and the Mann Whitney test are used in this work.  The Wilcoxon test showed that the difference between the pre- and post-tests for the intervention group was 0.000 < 0.05, while the difference for the control group was 0.084 < 0.05.  A meaningful number of 0.000 <0.05 was found in the Mann Whitney test.  The Wilcoxon pre-post test results of the training group and the control group showed that they were different before and after they learned how to smile.  Teenage girls who were getting ready to go through menarche felt less anxious when they used a game-based Smile Education app.

Fiqh learning at MA Islamic Centre Bin Baz Yogyakarta faces challenges, particularly in understanding the Fathul Qarib Al-Mujib book, which is written in Arabic. This difficulty is more pronounced among students without a pesantren background, affecting their academic performance. Observations indicate that only 60% of students achieve learning mastery, while 40% score below the minimum competency standard (KKM) of 80. To address this issue, this study aims to examine the effectiveness of PPT Canva as a learning medium in improving the learning outcomes of tenth-grade students. This research employs a quasi-experimental method with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The sample consists of two classes: the experimental class, which uses PPT Canva, and the control class, which does not. Data were collected through written tests (pretest and posttest), observations, and documentation, then analyzed using the t-test and N-Gain test with SPSS Windows 25. The findings reveal that using PPT Canva significantly improves learning outcomes, with a significance level of 0.032 (<0.05). The average pretest score for the experimental class was 54.14, increasing to 84.34 in the posttest, with an N-Gain score of 0.6469 (moderate category). The percentage of learning mastery increased from 0% to 85.71%. Thus, it can be concluded that using PPT Canva is effective in enhancing Fiqh learning outcomes for tenth-grade students at MA Islamic Centre Bin Baz Yogyakarta.

Kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang pentingnya sertifikasi tanah di Kelurahan Karangmojo, Kecamatan Klego, Kabupaten Boyolali, berpotensi meningkatkan sengketa agraria. Meski PTSL digulirkan, hambatan administratif dan minimnya edukasi hukum menghambat implementasi. Program pengabdian masyarakat bertujuan meningkatkan kesadaran hukum warga, mendukung Reforma Agraria, dan mendorong pengelolaan tanah berkeadilan. Kegiatan meliputi survei lokasi, sosialisasi hukum pertanahan melalui presentasi interaktif, dan diskusi dengan masyarakat Karangmojo Kidul. Kesadaran hukum masyarakat Kelurahan Karangmojo terkait pengelolaan dan sertifikasi tanah masih rendah, ditunjukkan oleh banyaknya tanah yang belum bersertifikat, berisiko menimbulkan konflik agraria. Faktor penyebabnya meliputi kurangnya pemahaman akan pentingnya sertifikat tanah sebagai bukti hukum, kendala ekonomi, rendahnya pendidikan, dan budaya pengelolaan tanah tradisional. Kurangnya informasi dan tenaga ahli di bidang pertanahan juga menjadi hambatan. Program pemerintah seperti PTSL, yang bertujuan mempermudah sertifikasi, kurang dimanfaatkan karena minimnya sosialisasi. Langkah strategis untuk meningkatkan kesadaran mencakup edukasi intensif melalui sosialisasi, pendampingan teknis bagi masyarakat dalam melengkapi dokumen sertifikasi, serta pemanfaatan teknologi informasi untuk menyebarkan panduan terkait. Selain itu, diperlukan sinergi antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah dalam penyediaan layanan publik yang efektif. Peningkatan kesadaran hukum ini penting untuk menjamin kepastian hukum, mencegah konflik, dan mendukung pembangunan ekonomi masyarakat.

The English language teaching at Pondok Pesantren Nurul Falah aims to improve the students' communication skills in English through an approach that is more adaptive to the organizational culture. This pesantren has a habit of using Arabic in daily life, so in the teaching of English, Arabic terms such as “huwa,” “huma,” and “huna” are used in teaching pronouns. The method applied involves interactive teaching, adapted to the students’ habits, where each session begins with an explanation of English concepts, which are then linked to Arabic terms that the students are already familiar with. This activity took place over four meetings per month, with morning and afternoon sessions. The results of the teaching activity showed an improvement in the students' understanding of basic English concepts, especially in teaching pronouns, which were easier to understand when linked to Arabic. The discussion in this activity revealed that adapting the language of instruction to the local culture, in this case, Arabic, can create a more comfortable atmosphere and support the students' enthusiasm for learning. Students, who initially felt less confident in speaking English, became more active and open to practicing. In conclusion, English teaching that is adapted to the organizational culture, especially through the use of Arabic in teaching, has proven effective in improving students' understanding and communication skills in English, as well as creating a learning environment that is more enjoyable and relevant to their needs

Masalah kesehatan internasional adalah hipertensi, penyebab utama gagal ginjal, stroke, dan penyakit jantung. Diperkirakan 34,1% orang di Indonesia menderita hipertensi, dan sebagian besar dari mereka tidak mendapatkan pengobatan. Meskipun Puskesmas Welahan 1 menangani hipertensi, pasien sering mengalami kesulitan mengontrol tekanan darah mereka karena berbagai macam obat yang tersedia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif terapi monoterapi dan kombinasi untuk mencapai target tekanan darah pasien hipertensi di Puskesmas Welahan 1 dan bagaimana berbagai obat mempengaruhi kontrol tekanan darah. Data dari 60 pasien hipertensi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dianalisis selama tiga bulan menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional. Digunakan statistik inferensial dan deskriptif, seperti uji chi-square. Tidak ada korelasi signifikan antara kontrol tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik dan jenis terapi obat (p > 0,05). Namun, pasien yang menerima amlodipine atau amlodipine + captopril lebih mampu mengontrol tekanan darah mereka, dengan rasio kemungkinan 0,857 untuk tekanan sistolik dan 6,429 untuk tekanan diastolik, masing-masing.  Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa terapi kombinasi mungkin membantu mengontrol tekanan darah diastolik, meskipun jenis obat tidak mempengaruhi tekanan darah secara langsung

Pandemi COVID-19 telah mengubah perilaku masyarakat dalam menjaga kebersihan, terutama dalam kebiasaan mencuci tangan. Namun, setelah pandemi berakhir, kebiasaan ini mulai berkurang, ditambah dengan terbatasnya sarana cuci tangan yang tersedia. Di Kecamatan Colomadu, masih ditemukan rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat dalam menjaga kebersihan tangan. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, tim pengabdian masyarakat menginisiasi penyediaan alat cuci tangan portabel di beberapa fasilitas umum sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya kebersihan tangan. Kegiatan ini meliputi perencanaan dan desain alat, pembuatan dan instalasi, sosialisasi kepada masyarakat, serta monitoring dan perawatan berkala. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa enam unit alat cuci tangan portabel yang dipasang di kantor kecamatan, pasar, dan puskesmas telah dimanfaatkan secara intensif oleh masyarakat, meningkatkan frekuensi kebiasaan mencuci tangan dan memperoleh apresiasi dari pemerintah setempat. Desain alat yang ergonomis dan sistem drainase yang efektif mendukung keberhasilan program ini, meskipun beberapa tantangan dalam perawatan dan koordinasi masih perlu diatasi. Kegiatan ini berhasil meningkatkan kesadaran kebersihan tangan dan dapat dijadikan model untuk implementasi serupa di wilayah lain guna mencegah penyebaran penyakit menular pasca pandemi.

Fertilizer is an important factor in increasing the growth and yield of chili plants (Capsicum annuum L.). The selection of the right type of fertilizer greatly determines productivity and environmental sustainability in the long term. This study aims to analyze the differences between chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers in chili plant cultivation, including plant growth, yields, and their impact on soil fertility. The method used is a literature review by examining various previous studies that discuss the effectiveness of both types of fertilizers. The results of the analysis show that chemical fertilizers provide faster growth and higher yields in the short term because their nutrients are more easily absorbed by plants. However, excessive use can cause soil degradation, decreased organic matter content, and environmental pollution. In contrast, organic fertilizers work more slowly, but are able to increase soil fertility, improve soil structure, and support the balance of agricultural ecosystems in the long term. The combination of chemical and organic fertilizers has proven to be the best strategy in increasing chili productivity while maintaining soil health. Therefore, balanced fertilization with the right dose is highly recommended to ensure optimal harvest results without damaging the environment.

The old model of leadership style has shifted to a new model that is currently relevant to be effectively applied to lead the generation that dominates the world of work today and is entering the most productive age, namely the millennial generation and generation Z. With the young generation in Indonesia growing so rapidly with characteristics, needs and expectations that are different from the previous generation, the leadership style applied must also adjust to the rhythm and pattern of the current young generation. This research is a type of qualitative research with a literature study method or literature review. The literature study approach used in this study: the first stage is to collect literature, make comparisons from various literature sources, conduct analysis and present interpretations of the results of the analysis. From this study, it was concluded that considerations and implementations in practicing a combination of transformational leadership styles and servant leadership can be the most effective leadership style adjusted to the analysis of needs, characteristics, expectations and results of leadership practices for the millennial and Z generations in an organizational environment.

CPO is the raw result of the oil extraction process from palm oil fruit. This substance is a rusty red liquid which has varying consistency characteristics depending on the ambient temperature conditions. The problems faced in handling CPO liquid bulk cargo are based on several factors, namely limited infrastructure, weather, distance and how the government regulates the sustainability of this industry at PT. Energi Unggul Persada. The aim of this research is to find out how the CPO liquid bulk transportation procedures are carried out by PT. Energi Unggul Persada, the main challenges faced in handling CPO liquid bulk cargo, as well as how government regulations and policies influence CPO liquid bulk cargo handling procedures and their impact on industrial desires at PT. Energi Unggul Persada. This type of research is qualitative research with descriptive methods. This research was carried out at PT. Energi Unggul Persada from February 2022 to April 2022. The data collection techniques used were interviews, observation, documentation. Meanwhile, the informants used as research were the Shipping Section Operational Experts and Field Coordinators PT. Energi Unggul Persada in Mempawah. The data that has been collected is then carried out by data reduction, data presentation and verification. The results of this research are first, the procedures that have been established by the company, namely, before loading begins, the surveyor and lodging master prepare the required documents such as: shipping instructions, ship shore checklist, dry certificate, and the tools used include: flexible hose, crane, floating line, and pump. To ensure that the quality of CPO / cargo meets standards, then during the loading process, the loading master supervises and is responsible for the implementation and smoothness of the loading activity. Second, the main challenges faced in the process of handling CPO liquid bulk cargo include the limited number of pipes, weather conditions at the jetty, and quite long line distances. Third, by committing to supporting a sustainable palm oil industry, the government is adjusting export levies on CPO and its derivatives, which are then channeled back to focus on developing the people’s palm oil industry.

The presence of heavy metals in waste is one of the variables that can pollute and damage the environment. Lead is one of the chemical contents that can be found in hospital liquid waste. Hospital liquid waste comes from work unit processes throughout the hospital environment which contains dangerous chemicals so it needs to be processed before being discharged into the environment. Research has been carried out using the coagulation-flocculation method using sugar palm seeds as a biocoagulant. The aim of this research is to find out how the palm seed coagulant mass influences in reducing lead (Pb) levels. hospital wastewater with the addition of variations in coagulant mass, namely 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6% and 0.7%. From the filtrate resulting from coagulation-flocculation which was then analyzed based on the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Number P.68 of 2016 concerning Domestic Wastewater Quality Standards, from the results of this research it is known that sugar palm seeds as a biocoagulant are able to reduce the most optimal PB concentration when the coagulant concentration is added to 0.6%.

Perkembangan digitalisasi menjadikan teknologi informasi sebagai elemen penting bagi organisasi dalam menghadapi dinamika bisnis yang kompleks. Evoluz adalah sistem manajemen tugas dan pelaporan yang bertujuan untuk mempermudah alur kerja internal dan meningkatkan layanan pelanggan. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi sistem Evoluz menggunakan kerangka ITIL V.3, khususnya domain Service Design, untuk mengidentifikasi kelebihan dan kekurangan serta memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif terstruktur melalui survei, wawancara, dan analisis dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Evoluz efektif dalam manajemen tugas, ditemukan beberapa kesenjangan pada komponen ITIL seperti Service Catalogue Management dan Service Level Management. Sebanyak 25% SLA tidak tercapai, dan katalog layanan belum komprehensif. Rekomendasi perbaikan meliputi pembaruan katalog layanan, otomatisasi pemantauan SLA, serta peningkatan kapasitas dengan migrasi ke cloud.

Pertumbuhan industri coffee shop di Kota Surakarta menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan, sehingga memerlukan pengaturan perizinan usaha yang efektif untuk memastikan tata kelola yang baik dan kepatuhan terhadap hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi perizinan usaha coffee shop, mengidentifikasi kendala yang dihadapi pelaku usaha, dan memberikan rekomendasi berbasis analisis yuridis. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif-empiris dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, kasus, dan sosiologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun sistem Online Single Submission (OSS) telah diterapkan, masih terdapat kendala seperti masalah teknis pada sistem, kurangnya pemahaman pelaku usaha terhadap regulasi, dan ketidaksesuaian antara kebijakan pusat dan daerah. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya perbaikan, termasuk optimalisasi sistem OSS, peningkatan sosialisasi regulasi, serta penguatan peran pemerintah daerah dalam pengawasan dan pendampingan. Sinergi antara pelaku usaha, pemerintah, dan masyarakat diharapkan dapat menciptakan ekosistem usaha yang lebih tertib dan berkelanjutan.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan metode tematik dalam pembelajaran bahasa berdasarkan perspektif siswa dan guru. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan melibatkan wawancara mendalam, observasi kelas, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode tematik mampu meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi bahasa melalui integrasi berbagai keterampilan bahasa, seperti membaca, menulis, berbicara, dan mendengar, dalam konteks tema tertentu. Guru memandang metode ini sebagai strategi efektif untuk memotivasi siswa, meskipun terdapat tantangan dalam perencanaan dan pelaksanaannya, terutama terkait waktu dan sumber daya. Perspektif siswa mengungkapkan bahwa metode ini mempermudah mereka memahami materi dan meningkatkan partisipasi aktif dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keberhasilan implementasi metode tematik, termasuk kesiapan guru, kurikulum, dan dukungan fasilitas. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan penting bagi pengembangan pedagogi bahasa dan menyarankan peningkatan pelatihan bagi guru dalam penerapan metode tematik.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan metode tematik dalam pembelajaran bahasa berdasarkan perspektif siswa dan guru. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan melibatkan wawancara mendalam, observasi kelas, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode tematik mampu meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi bahasa melalui integrasi berbagai keterampilan bahasa, seperti membaca, menulis, berbicara, dan mendengar, dalam konteks tema tertentu. Guru memandang metode ini sebagai strategi efektif untuk memotivasi siswa, meskipun terdapat tantangan dalam perencanaan dan pelaksanaannya, terutama terkait waktu dan sumber daya. Perspektif siswa mengungkapkan bahwa metode ini mempermudah mereka memahami materi dan meningkatkan partisipasi aktif dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keberhasilan implementasi metode tematik, termasuk kesiapan guru, kurikulum, dan dukungan fasilitas. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan penting bagi pengembangan pedagogi bahasa dan menyarankan peningkatan pelatihan bagi guru dalam penerapan metode tematik.

Theimplementation of the merit system in civil servant management has shown its effectiveness in supporting the principles of justice and equality. However, to achieve more optimal results, efforts are needed to increase the capacity of human resources, strengthen supervision mechanisms, and enforce sanctions for violations. In addition, the government needs to encourage changes in organizational culture to better support the principle of meritocracy. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term impact of implementing the merit system at different levels of government. The merit system is a reflection of professional personnel management where the placement of employees and officials uses performance competencies and track records as a measure of appointment. The main purpose of the implementation of the merit system is to improve professionalism, fairness, and equality in the management of Civil Servants (PNS). The purpose of this research is to find out the Effectiveness of the Implementation of the Merid System on the Principles of Justice and Equality in Translating Civil Servants. This paper was carried out with the aim of finding out how the Implementation of the Effectiveness of the Implementation of the Merid System on the Principles of Justice and Equality in Translating Civil Servants by using a qualitative analysis method. so that it is expected to contribute thoughts to the government in the assessment and implementation of Merid Sytem towards a better direction.