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An environmentally friendly fuel with great potential for use in transportation and industry is B40 biodiesel. It is a mixture of 60% diesel and 40% biodiesel. With an emphasis on engine performance, environmental impact, and financial incentives, the study assesses how beneficial its use can be. According to the findings, B40 biodiesel burns better and produces fewer carbon emissions compared to pure diesel because it has a higher cetane number. However, fuel consumption may increase due to the much lower energy content of biodiesel. B40 requires more maintenance to avoid hygroscopic effects, but it has been shown to improve lubrication and support heavy equipment operations in industrial environments. Implementing B40 has several benefits, including the ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.  

This study aims to explore the local wisdom of the Jambusari Village community, Cilacap, in managing plant resources, especially the practice of chewing betel nut and smoking traditional plants. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving 44 respondents selected through snowball sampling techniques. The results of the study indicate that the habit of chewing betel nut and smoking is an integral part of the local culture that is passed down from generation to generation. As many as 75% of respondents came from families who had the habit, with the majority stating that they had not experienced any changes in this practice. Although there are benefits perceived from both habits, such as freshness and enjoyment, there are also reports of negative impacts on health. This study highlights the importance of preserving ethnobotanical knowledge as an effort to conserve local biological and cultural resources.

Moringa oleifera plants as traditional medicine used by the people of Cibeas Village, Cintaraja Village, Singaparna District, Tasikmalaya Regency. This study aims to determine the use of moringa plants as traditional medicine. The method used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative with data collection techniques through observation, semi-structured interviews, and snowball sampling. Data analysis was carried out by calculating the utility value (Use Value/UV), informant context factors (Informant Consensus Factor/ICF), and relative citation frequency (Relative Frequency of Citation/RFC). The results showed that moringa plants are used to treat 12 types of diseases, with the highest utilization for lowering hypertension (UV = 0.296). The leaves are the most frequently used part (ICF = 0.952).

The development of the nervous system is a crucial process during early organogenesis that impacts overall body function. This research aims to understand the mechanisms involved in the formation of the nervous system, focusing on early embryonic development. Previous studies indicate that interactions between genetic and environmental factors significantly influence this development, yet many specific aspects remain to be explored. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the role of progenitor cells and molecular signals in neuron differentiation. By identifying the pathways involved, it aims to uncover new approaches to understanding developmental disorders of the nervous system. Utilizing experimental methods and systematic data analysis, this research not only enhances our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of nervous system development but also opens possibilities for developing therapies for related disorders

The lack of knowledge about women's problems has made researchers interested in providing solutions and conducting research related to preventing vaginal discharge experienced by adolescents. The purpose of this study was to identify before and after knowledge and to determine the effect of reproductive health education on knowledge in preventing pathological leucorrhoea in Binor Village, Paiton District. This research uses a quantitative approach with the Pre- Test and Post-Test, the sampling used is Cluster random sampling in June 2023 with a total of 40 cases. The results showed that before being given counseling in the good category, there were 16 (40%) respondents. after being given good category counseling as many as 31 (77.5%) respondents. The results of statistical analysis of p-value 0.000 (α> 0.05) show that there is an effect of reproductive health education on knowledge in preventing pathological vaginal discharge in Binor Village, Paiton District. Suggestions to continue to conduct reproductive health counseling in preventing pathological vaginal discharge with appropriate methods.

Social media is now the first tool of interaction between humans with a very large number of users worldwide. The potential of social media to spread information in a short time and on a wider scale has affected many areas of life, especially in the process of forming individual personalities. This study examines the effects of social media on the character of college or university students, both for good and bad. On the one hand, it is noted that social media helps build bonds between people and helps in broadening one's perspective and even supports personal growth through social interaction in a positive way. However, on the other hand, social media also shows the potential to create social anxiety, social pressure, and identity issues due to social comparison and exposure to negative content. College students, who are in the stage of finding their identity, become easy targets for the influence of social media. In the right way, this media can be used to encourage them in forming positive characters. This study argues for the need for better digital literacy and the use of wise social media strategies to maintain high positive effects and low negative impacts.

Bats belong to the order Chiroptera which is included in mammals, and which is also included in vertebrate animals that have the ability to fly. In addition, bats experience evolution, such as morphological evolution that occurs on the wings. Evolution is a change in an organism from simple to more complex. The characteristics of vertebrates are vertebrates and have symmetry, namely bilateral symmetry, and nothocord which comes from their ancestors, namely chordates. Bats are one of the most widespread mammals, although fossils of bats themselves are not widely found. Although bats are found in many other areas, molecular studies support the origin of bats from northern continents such as Asia, Europe or North America. To find out how bats can evolve and survive until now requires in-depth knowledge of theories that explain major events such as natural selection and competition by studying literature. The skull bones of bats can be distinguished based on their foods, and their echolocation abilities can also be classified into two suborders, namely Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera.

This study aims to analyze students' mathematical problem-solving abilities in the topic of Systems of Three Linear Equations (SPLTV) at SMA PGRI 4 Jakarta. The research employs a qualitative method with an approach that includes interviews and written tests. The subjects of the study consist of eleventh-grade students selected purposively. The results indicate that students have varying levels of understanding regarding SPLTV problems, with some students facing difficulties in comprehending word problems and applying appropriate solving methods. Nevertheless, most students are able to utilize substitution, elimination, and combination methods in solving problems. The study also finds that students tend not to check their answers, which can affect the accuracy of their results. Therefore, it is recommended that students adopt a more systematic approach in problem-solving and perform checks to enhance their confidence and answer accuracy.

In this review, we undertake an in-depth survey of the traditional as well as modern methods used in finding solutions for partial differential equations (henceforth PDEs). We categorise these equations into three main kinds: elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic. We also give illustrative examples of these PDEs and discuss the applications of them in a range of fields. This range extends from fluid dynamics (hydrodynamics), as well as thermal (heat) conduction, to quantum mechanics. Our exploration features a number of analyses used in this regard such as variable splitting or defactorising in addition to the transforms invented by Fourier and Laplace. Not only this but also this survey takes in numerical methods ranging from grid-based (finite difference), mesh-based (finite element) to spectral. Also discussed in this paper is a range of special techniques that ranges from the variational techniques, Green's (fundamental solution) functions to perturbation (also known as Asymptotic expansion in addition to sketching the latest developments with respect to computational methods. This review also sheds light on current challenges that confront addressing complicated PDEs especially those nonlinear and multi-variable. In this regard, the paper calls for more research in order to develop more effective methods. The paper maps out the importance of PDE usages in real-life and its potential for more related discoveries in the future particularly with respect to areas such as machine learning and quantum computing.

Batik Banten Mukarnas is a company that produces stamped batik designs with various patterns and varieties of batik. Problems frequently arise in the company due to increased stamped batik production capacity to meet the demand for stamped batik design products, which continues to rise from stamped batik suppliers. Another impact of growing demand capacity is the high number of defects in stamped batik cloth products, because overall, the company's management, including human resources, tools, and methods, is not prepared for the increase in production capacity to meet the surge in consumer demand, resulting in an impact on the quality of the products produced—consequently, the organization endeavors to regulate the quality of stamped batik cloth at PT. Batik Banten Mukarnas establishes objectives that employ Six Sigma with the DMAIC method (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) in the production of batik stamp designs to meet production objectives. The results of the data processing that has been done obtained a sigma value before improvement for 3 CTQ of 3.54. After improvement, the sigma value increased to 3.86. While for the sigma value before improvement for 1 CTQ of 3.04, the sigma value increased to 3.42 after improvement. The factors contributing to defective products, as illustrated by the fishbone diagram, include methods, personnel, materials, machinery, and environmental conditions. The division leader consistently oversees and regulates operations, enhances the number of brushes, and trains operators to ensure proficient adherence to standard operating procedures (SOP).

Advances in information technology have encouraged government agencies to implement electronic-based systems to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and transparency of services. The Community and Village Empowerment Service of Magetan Regency uses the Presence and Performance Application System Si Apik application to record the attendance of State Civil Apparatus as part of the E-Government program. This study aims to evaluate the usability of the Si Apik application using the System Usability Scale method to measure the level of user satisfaction. The research approach involves descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods, with data collection through observation, SUS questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews. The results showed an average SUS score of 52.59, which is in the marginal category, with a grade D and an "OK" rating. This score indicates that the system still has technical constraints, such as network connections and application errors, which affect ease of use. Recommendations for improvement include optimizing features, increasing system stability, and providing clearer technical guidance. This study provides strategic input for the Community and Village Empowerment Service of Magetan Regency in improving the quality of Si Apik application services.

PT. Polyplex Films Indonesia is a manufacturer of Metallize Film products. This polymer film is coated with a tiny aluminum foil coating, giving it a bright metallic appearance. Metalized film materials have extensive use in decoration, food packaging, and specialized uses, including insulation and electronics. The production results of metalized film production show that in the most recent year, 2022, the number of defects was 1.6%, which is higher than the tolerance limit the company set at 0.5% of total annual production. Maintaining the consistency of the quality of the metalized film products that the company produces is much easier. The number of defects settled by the different types: Heat line accounts for 42% of the defects, pinhole accounts for 31%, and Star sky accounts for 27%. The company employs the PDCA method to mitigate issues in the production line. The implementation results demonstrate that the PDCA method has led to a reduction in the number of defects. Specifically, the Heat Line defects decreased from 274 tons to 57 tons, representing a decrease of 79.19%. Similarly, the Star Sky defects decreased from 178 tons to 85 tons, resulting in a reduction of 52%. The pinhole defects decreased from 202 to 51 tons, indicating a 74.8% decrease. The findings of this study should deepen our understanding of how the PDCA technique actually works to enhance product quality. This is because the changes are produced during the action phase, allowing for long-term retention of the gains. Product recommendations for additional investigation include PET (polyethylene terephthalate), BOPP (bi-axially oriented polypropylene), and CPP (cast polypropylene) films.

Talking is an activity that cannot be separated from the interaction between people in daily life, starting from oral to written. In written language, there are many linguistic errors, both in terms of phonemes, morphemes, and word writing. This study aims to analyze and describe language errors in external media located on Siliwangi Street, Tasikmalaya. Qualitative descriptive is a method used in this study by grouping data, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions based on the results of the analysis. From this study, it was obtained that the phoneme replacement error was found in the replacement of the phoneme /ai/ with /e/, /u/ with /o/, and /r/ with /e/, the phoneme deletion error was found in the deletion of the phonemes /s/, /n/, and /k/, and the errors in the replacement and addition of phonemes were found in the replacement of the phoneme /o/ to /o/, the replacement of the phoneme /g/ with /k/ and the addition of the phoneme /e/.

Shortness of breath or dispnea is one of the respiratory emergencies that is often encountered in society, including in the school environment. Students need to know first aid for shortness of breath so they can handle it well in the pre-hospital phase. The aim of this community service activity is to form a cadre of students who are able to educate themselves on first aid for shortness of breath through simulations and for service participants to know first aid for shortness of breath. The method of implementing this activity was carried out through lecture and simulation methods involving 4 cadres and 21 student participants from Hasanuddin Pare Vocational School. This activity was carried out on 10 - 12 October 2024. The service activities were carried out in 2 sessions where the first session was cadre empowerment through cadre training activities regarding first aid for shortness of breath and the second session was the presentation of material by trained cadres which was delivered to community service participants. The results of this community service activity were that trained cadres were able to deliver the material well and there was an increase in participants' knowledge and ability to provide first aid for shortness of breath after simulation education was carried out by trained cadres. Education using a simulation approach can increase students' understanding of the management of aid for shortness of breath so that they are able to provide first aid appropriately. The educational method with a simulation approach can be used as a medium for delivering information in pre-hospital first aid for cases of shortness of breath in students.

This community service activity aims to assist MSME business entrepreneurs in Krapyak Village, Semarang, in creating a Business Identification Number (NIB) using the online Single Submission (OSS) Application. By having an NIB, business actors can directly apply for their products to have a halal certificate, which can be processed through the online halal application, just like processing the NIB. This program was welcomed with enthusiasm by food and beverage processing MSME business actors. By having an NIB and Halal Certificate, business actors can be safer in developing and marketing their products in order to gain more trust from their buyers. Assistance provided to MSME business actors by submitting a self-declaration without charging any fees at all. This assistance cannot be provided to business actors who have businesses with processed products containing meat, however, halal certificates can be submitted through regular or paid channels.

Computer assembly is the process of putting together various hardware components to ensure the computer functions optimally. To assemble a computer correctly, a deep understanding of its hardware, both logically and physically, is essential. Additionally, in order for the computer to be used for its intended purpose, software installation is required. This installation includes programs like Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Office, and others, which help adjust the software to the installed hardware and unpack compressed files. This community service activity is held at SMK Lowis Sakti, Sakra Timur, focusing on computer assembly and installation training. This process plays a vital role in the development and maintenance of efficient and reliable computer systems. A comprehensive knowledge of assembly and installation procedures is necessary to ensure optimal system performance and security. Therefore, the goal of this training is to equip SMK Lowis Sakti students with the skills to assemble and install computers independently, enabling them to apply this knowledge both in school and in the workforce.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the income of cucumber farming and analyze the effect of the use of chemical fertilizers on cucumber farming income in Duriasi Village, Wonggeduku District, Konawe Regency. Sample determination was carried out by census. Where in Duriaasi Village there are 21 cucumber farmers. The analysis uses the income analysis formula and multiple non-linear regression with the equation transformed in linear form or in the form of the Cobb-Douglas function. Based on the results of research on respondent farmers who manage cucumber farming in Duriaasi Village, it can be concluded that the income obtained from cucumber farming in Duriaasi Village, Wongeduku District is Rp. 93,271,329,- with an average per Ha of Rp. 15,414,749 ,-. Based on the individual production factors, the influence of the variables SP36 fertilizer (X2) and KCL fertilizer (X4) have a significant effect on income (Y), a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05 is obtained as well as urea fertilizer (X1) and ponska fertilizer (X3). has no significant effect on income (Y), so a significant value of 0.000>0.05 is obtained. The coefficient of determination value symbolized R2 is 0.89

This research discusses the involvement or contribution of women in using social media as a bridge to reach people widely and voice various environmental issues so that people are aware of the importance of the environment for life. The aim of this research is to find out how women can attract public attention so they can contribute to environmental problems, especially through social media. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method, and the data will be collected using library research techniques, and the research results show that in overcoming environmental problems, everyone can contribute from anywhere and anyone.

Background: The endocrine system is a network of glands that produces body hormones to regulate various body functions, such as growth, metabolism, regulation reproduction, and homeostasis. This research aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of the endocrine system, the function of the hormones produced, and the impact of their disorders on health. The research was carried out using a literature study method of six relevant national journals published in the last five years. The results of the analysis show that the endocrine system plays an important role in maintaining body balance through feedback mechanisms and interactions with the nervous system. Disorders of glands such as the pancreas, thyroid and adrenals can lead to serious illnesses, including diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism and Cushing's syndrome. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding the endocrine system for the development of early detection and intervention strategies for hormonal disorders. It is hoped that the research results can become a reference for medical personnel and scientists in improving the quality of public health.

Penelitian ini didasarkan pada pentingnya pengembangan keterampilan motorik sejak dini sebagai landasan untuk mendukung perkembangan kognitif, sosial, dan psikomotorik anak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi upaya meningkatkan kemampuan siswa melalui aktivitas mewarnai. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan desain penelitian tindakan, melibatkan 15 anak sebagai partisipan. Data diperoleh melalui observasi dan dokumentasi. Pada siklus pertama, kegiatan mewarnai dimasukkan ke dalam kurikulum dengan menekankan pemberian panduan visual, penggunaan berbagai jenis alat gambar, dan pengembangan kreativitas anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang signifikan pada keterampilan motorik halus anak setelah menjalani kegiatan mewarnai yang dirancang secara sistematis dan mendalam. Anak-anak mengalami peningkatan kemampuan dalam mengontrol gerakan tangan, koordinasi mata-tangan, serta keterampilan menggunakan alat gambar. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya aktivitas mewarnai sebagai sarana untuk mengasah keterampilan motorik halus pada tahap awal pendidikan.