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The use of organic fertilizers in agriculture in Dahana Village has significant potential in improving soil fertility and crop productivity. Organic fertilizers, which are derived from natural materials such as agricultural waste and animal manure, serve to improve soil structure, increase water retention capacity, and provide nutrients needed by plants. This study explored different methods of applying organic fertilizers and their impact on plant growth and the quality of agricultural produce. Results show that organic fertilizer not only improves vegetative growth but also yield quality, making it an essential component in sustainable agricultural practices. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of integrating the use of organic fertilizers in land management strategies to achieve optimal and sustainable agricultural yields in Dahana Village.

This study aims to explore the root growth patterns of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivated in a polybag system, and examine the implications for nutrient absorption efficiency and plant survival. The method used was a systematic literature review, with narrative analysis of recent studies in the last five years. Data were analyzed to identify the relationship between root architecture, growing medium, and nutrient absorption efficiency.  The results showed that the polybag system, with its limited root growing space, promoted adaptation of root growth patterns, including an increase in lateral root density and a reduction in primary root length. Coconut fiber- and vermiculite-based growing media were shown to increase nutrient absorption capacity by up to 30%, while inoculation of rhizosphere microorganisms, such as mycorrhiza, increased phosphorus use efficiency by up to 25%. In addition, optimal root zone temperature plays an important role in supporting root metabolic activities.  The conclusion of this study confirms that optimizing root growth patterns through growing media, temperature management, and utilization of microorganisms can significantly increase the productivity of cucumber plants. These findings provide a basis for developing more efficient and sustainable cultivation strategies in modern horticultural systems. 

Gadgets greatly impact the pattern of human life both in terms of mindset, taste patterns and behavior patterns. The use of gadgets in everyday life does not only have an impact on the thoughts, feelings and behavior of adults, but children are also not spared from its impact. Child attachment early in life can be directed at someone who has nothing to do with child rearing, but it can happen tosomeone the child chooses as the object of attachment. The purpose of this study was to find out whether there is a correlation between people's attachment to early childhood gadget addiction at Early Childhood Education. This research is a descriptive research. Total population of 30 people. A sample of 30 people was taken by total sampling technique. The research instruments used were the IPPA questionnaire and the smartphone addiction test questionnaire for mobile motoring. Bivariate analysis using the Chi Square Statistical Test. The results showed that the respondents had high attachment to their parents, namely 16 children (53.3%), moderate attachment of 7 children (23.3%), and low attachment of 7 children (23.3%). From the results of the smartphone addiction test questionnaire for mobile motoring, it was found that 15 children (50.0%) were not dependent on gadgets, 4 children had mild dependence (13.3%), 3 children were moderately addicted (10.0), and 8 children were addicted. (26.7%). Based on the Chi Square test, it is known that the P Value is 0.004 with α 0.05. Because the significance value is < α, H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, which means that there is a correlation between parents and early childhood attachment to gadget addiction at PAUD Intan, Asembagus village kraksaan. It is hoped that the results of this research can be used as input for parents regarding the importance of accompanying children so that children do not experience gadget addiction.

Development is the increasing ability of the body to structure and function more complexly, in an orderly and predictable pattern. One of the aspects that assist the adequacy of child development is parents' support. One of the factors that influence the development of toddlers is stimulation. Stimulation is trigger that comes from the child's external environment. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between maternal stimulation and the development of pre-school children aged 3-5 years. This research is a correlational analytic study with a cross sectional approach. They were taken using a complete sampling approach on a population of 30 persons and a sample of 30 people. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. The frequency distribution is used for univariate data analysis, and the Fisher’s Exact Test alternative is used for bivariate data analysis. The result showed that 22 mothers provided good stimulation and 8 mothers gave less stimulation. From the results of the KPSP, it showed that there were 20 children with appropriate development, 4 children with doubts, and 6 children with deviations. Based on the Fisher’s Exact Test alternative, it was known that the P value is 0.000 with α 0.05. Because the significance value is <α, then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, indicating that there is a correlation between stimulation and the development of pre-school children aged 3-5 years in KB RA Umi Sundari Kraksaan, Probolinggo Regency. It is hoped that the results of this study would help parents who have children give adequate stimulation for their children's growth.

This study was conducted to observe and implement midwifery care provided to Mrs. M who was 25 weeks pregnant in Dusun Mong, Pujut District, Central Lombok Regency, from June 21 to July 4, 2019. The mother had a history of 4 pregnancies, 2 deliveries and 1 pregnancy. Her pregnancy condition was normal, but she experienced Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED). After receiving PMT supplements in the form of biscuits for 2 weeks, there was an increase in the Upper Arm Circumference (LiLA).

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2022 there will be 148.1 million children under the age of 5 who are too short compared to their age (stunting), 45.0 million children who are too thin compared to their height (wasting), and 37.0 million children too heavy for his height (overweight). This research aims to determine the relationship between the role of Posyandu cadres and the prevention of stunting cases among mothers of toddlers in the Gedang Village Community Health Center Work Area in 2024. This type of research is quantitative and analytical with a cross-sectional study approach. The sampling technique used in this research was the Accidental Sampling technique. The population in this study was all Posyandu cadres in the Gedang Village Health Center Work Area, totaling 42 people with a sample of 42 people. The location of this research was carried out in the Gedang Village Community Health Center Work Area and was carried out in January-July 2024. The results showed that more than half of 24 (57.1%) of the respondents had a poor role as Posyandu Cadres and more than half of 30 (71.4%) respondents with poor prevention of stunting cases in mothers who have children under five with statistical test results (Chi-Square) obtained p-value 0.003. The research conclusion shows that there is a relationship between the role of Posyandu cadres and the prevention of stunting cases in mothers who have children under five. The researchers' suggestions from the research results can be applied in daily nursing practice, such as providing health education regarding the prevention of stunting in mothers who have children under five. As a reference for the Gedang Village Community Health Center in conducting a review of the role of posyandu cadres in preventing stunting cases by always providing health education to mothers

This research aims to analyze the application of decorative principles in drawing the Mandailing gorga by class VII students at Nurul Ilmi Private Middle School. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques form of experimentation, observation and documentation. The research results show that students understanding of the principles decoration, such as composition, motifs, stylization and media is still relatively low. This is caused by a lack of time allocated for arts and culture lessons and a lack students understanding of the local gorga Mandailing. The work produced by students does not fully reflect the optimal application of decorative principles, both from a technical and aesthetic perspective. This research concludes that learning fine arts based on local wisdom requires a more focused approach, adequate time, and more innovative methods to increase students' understanding and creativity in creating art.

Signature verification is crucial for confirming the authenticity of identities in both administrative and financial transactions, where signature forgery can lead to significant security risks. The Harris Corner Detector Algorithm is a widely used method for feature extraction in image processing; its application spans various domains, such as detection of signature forgery. While effective in identifying key features, noise significantly affects performance, especially with impulse noise like salt-and-pepper noise commonly found in signature images. To solve this problem, this study enhances the Harris Corner Detector Algorithm by applying a median filter before gradient calculation. This method removes noise without sacrificing the integrity of key features important in signature forgery detection. The study evaluates the original and the enhanced algorithm using standard image quality metrics. Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) surged from an average of 13.6 dB to 43.28 dB, the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) improved significantly from 78% to 94%, and the Mean Squared Error (MSE) dropped substantially from 16.74 to 3.84. These advancements resulted in a more reliable algorithm, exhibiting excellent resistance to noise while maintaining image structure, making the enhanced algorithm highly effective for accurate signature forgery detection.

Customer satisfaction is a crucial indicator in assessing the quality of a company's products, services and overall experience. This research aims to identify the level of customer satisfaction and optimize the available data for effective use in sentiment analysis. In this study, we analyzed 4,353 customer reviews collected over the past year, with 3,481 reviews used as training data and 871 reviews as testing data. The analysis process was conducted using the Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) approach and leveraged the Logistic Regression algorithm to build a predictive model. Model evaluation using the confusion matrix yielded an accuracy of 94.60%, a precision of 94.26%, and a recall of 94.60%. The analysis was conducted using Jupyter Notebook and the Python programming language. The results indicate that sentiment analysis is effective in identifying and predicting customer satisfaction levels, which in turn can help a company’s products improve its service strategies. The optimization of previously underutilized data now provides deeper insights into customer perceptions and expectations, enabling the company to make more targeted decisions and enhance overall customer satisfaction.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the deficiencies in the learning of accounting software at STIE Ganesha. This study will concentrate on factors that potentially hinder the integration of accounting software into the college curriculum. This research started in October 2024. Accounting students at STIE Ganesha are the research subjects. Qualitative research was conducted and data was collected through in-depth interviews. The results showed that learning accounting software has several problems. One of them is the lack of supporting resources and lack of technological infrastructure. In addition, students face difficulties in understanding and accessing accounting software required to meet the needs of the working world. To produce more efficient accounting software learning, this research emphasizes increasing resource capacity and improving supporting infrastructure. This research is expected to help STIE Ganesha develop methods to improve software-based accounting learning.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are an important sector in the Indonesian economy. However, many MSMEs face obstacles in accessing digital technology to improve competitiveness and innovation. With the development of the Smart City concept, which integrates technology to improve quality of life and access to public services, MSMEs in areas that adopt it have the opportunity to utilise digital technology. Madiun City, as part of the Smart City initiative, has great potential in developing an inclusive digital ecosystem for MSMEs. This research aims to formulate an effective website development model for MSMEs in Madiun City, to support product innovation and marketing and improve competitiveness in the digital market. The analysis shows that website development can improve MSME competitiveness and innovation, with benefits such as wider market access and integration with digital marketing technology. However, the main challenges faced are limited digital knowledge, development costs, and security threats. Therefore, support from the government and related institutions is needed to provide training and resources for sustainable website management.

The Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA), while effective in solving complex optimization problems, faces limitations in random population initialization and reliance on fixed parameters. Random initialization of the population often results in clustered solutions, resulting in uneven exploration of the search space and hindering effective global optimization. Furthermore, the use of fixed values for discovery rate and step size creates a trade-off between solution accuracy and convergence speed. To address these limitations, an Enhanced Cuckoo Search Algorithm (ECSA) is proposed. This algorithm utilizes the Sobol Sequence to generate a more uniformly distributed initial population and incorporates Cosine Annealing with Warm Restarts to dynamically adjust the parameters. The performance of the algorithms was evaluated on 13 benchmark functions (7 unimodal, 6 multimodal). Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the significance and consistency of the results. The ECSA outperforms the CSA in 11 out of 13 benchmark functions with a mean fitness improvement of 30% across all functions, achieving 35% for unimodal functions and 24% for multimodal functions. The enhanced algorithm demonstrated increased convergence efficiency, indicating its superiority to the CSA in solving a variety of optimization problems. The ECSA is subsequently applied to optimize earthquake evacuation space allocation in Intramuros, Manila.

The A* Algorithm is a path-finding algorithm that primarily uses weighted graphs and focuses on the heuristic values of nodes. However, while effective in generating a near-optimal path in a static environment, the traditional algorithm faces limitations in navigating dynamic environments, often resulting in collisions due to its inability to recognize dynamic and moving obstacles. This limitation makes it inefficient especially in complex environments with real-world scenarios. To address these limitations, an Enhanced A* Algorithm is proposed. This algorithm utilizes Navigation Mesh data structure to generate a more optimal route with local path planning and to dynamically adjust the parameters in two-dimensional non-grid environments. The performance of the algorithms was evaluated using 12 benchmarks, each corresponding to a distinct test case and levels of complexity. Then, in terms of dynamic obstacle avoidance, a comparison between the Enhanced A* Algorithm and the traditional algorithm was conducted. Statistical analyses were also performed to assess the consistency and validity of the findings. The results demonstrated that the Enhanced A* Algorithm successfully avoided all dynamic obstacles and moving objects encountered along the path in all distinct test cases. In contrast to the traditional algorithm, which achieved an average obstacle avoidance rate of 8.33%, the enhanced algorithm consistently demonstrated a 100% average obstacle avoidance rate. The enhanced algorithm outperformed the traditional A* algorithm in generating a path in a complex environment by exhibiting optimal dynamic obstacle recognition and avoidance. The Enhanced A* Algorithm is subsequently applied to autonomous vehicle parking, following standard parking restriction laws.

This study explores the integration of facial recognition and GPS technology to enhance attendance management systems in educational institutions. By employing a two-layer verification process that combines face validation and location validation, the proposed system addresses common challenges of traditional attendance methods, such as proxy attendance and inefficient data management. The system not only improves accuracy and security but also provides valuable insights into attendance patterns through location-based analytics. Despite its advantages, the research highlights the need to address challenges related to data privacy, security, and user acceptance for successful implementation. Overall, this study contributes to the development of modern attendance management solutions, demonstrating the potential for increased efficiency and effectiveness in educational environments.

This research aims to examine the use of loan words as teaching material for Indonesian Language for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) in mastering vocabulary. This research is motivated by the development of the Indonesian language, one of the processes of which is through loanwords. Data was obtained from various sources such as scientific journals, books and relevant articles. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively with a focus on identifying main themes, patterns and relationships between various variables in the literature that had been collected. The results of the research show that loan words can be used as BIPA teaching materials which are useful for facilitating understanding and enriching vocabulary for BIPA learners. Loan words originating from various languages such as Arabic, Dutch, English, Sanskrit, Portuguese, French, Chinese, Japanese, Persian, Greek, Hindi and others are proof that Indonesian is adaptive and open to other languages. The strategies used for BIPA learning using loanwords include cognitive approaches, use in daily conversations, introduction to grammatical concepts, and approaches to daily contexts, academic use, and use in the field of technology.

Makeup brushes are essential to help apply makeup. One of the commonly used brushes is the eyeshadow blending brush. Makeup brushes predominantly use synthetic base materials, but human hair can be an alternative replacement. This study aims to determine the manufacturing process, validation of product feasibility, and the level of public favourability. The process of making blending brush eyeshadow consists of the preparation stage of tools, materials, and manufacturing steps. In this study, researchers used observation, literature, experimentation, documentation, and questionnaire methods. The results of the feasibility test based on the three expert validators, validator 1 gave a score of 10 on product 1 and product 2 which means feasible, validator 2 gave a score of 12 on product 1 which means feasible and product 2 gave a score of 8 which means quite feasible, validator 3 gave a score of 12 on product 1 which means feasible and product 2 gave a score of 11 which means feasible, so it can be concluded that human hair can be used in making blending brush eyeshadow. Trials are needed to improve the texture of the hair so that it is smoother and does not hurt when used.

Ready To Wear Fantasy Knight Princess The combination of Batik through Aesthetic Studies in Japanese Culture was taken because it was inspired by anime, manga and other stories in Japanese culture with a storyline of a tough princess. That is why the author interested in making a dress that suits the heroine. Even though, it has a simple design and beautiful batik motif but the clothes worn were suitable with the chivalrous spirit. Uniting Indonesian culture with Japanese culture by having aesthetic value on batik motifs. Making Ready To Wear Fantasy Princess Knight has the aim of knowing the suitable of batik motifs into fantasy clothing. This study used a qualitative method which described descriptively. Making Ready To Wear fantasy has the same steps of making clothing as other clothing manufactures. The process of making clothing includes, 1) determining the design, 2) preparing tools and materials, 3) applying measurements, 4) making basic patterns, 5) cutting materials, 6) painting fabrics, 7) merging materials, 8) ironing upholstery, 9 ) sewing clothes, and finishing to become the desired clothing. The process of making tasel ropes in ready to wear fantasy needs to be stretched one by one so that it gets neat results. Besides, when making cloth painting in the ironing process it must be at normal temperature and covered with fabric.

This article examines two significant linguistic phenomena in Arabic: Ta'kid Al-Madh Bima Yusybih Al-Dzamm and Ta'kid Al-Dzamm Bima Yusybih Al-Madh. Both are rhetorical techniques that enrich the meaning of praise and insult, by presenting conflicting nuances. Ta'kid Al-Madh Bima Yusybih Al-Dzamm describes the way praise is conveyed by inserting elements that contain insults, creating irony and complexity in the message. For example, expressions that appear positive can contain deep innuendo. In contrast, Ta'kid Al-Dzamm Bima Yusybih Al-Madh shows how insults can be framed with nuances of praise, turning criticism into something more subtle and open to acceptance. The research method used by researchers in this research is a qualitative research approach with a descriptive method approach. This research used data collection by searching in journals and books as well as previous research literature related to this research. Through analysis of linguistic structures and examples from literary works and everyday conversations, this article aims to explain the emotional and social impact of both techniques. With a deeper understanding of Ta'kid Al-Madh and Ta'kid Al-Dzamm, readers are expected to be able to appreciate the uniqueness and complexity of the Arabic language as well as the rhetorical implications that exist in everyday communication.

The application of the theory of truth in philosophy can make an important contribution to the strategy for eradicating hoaxes in the digital era. Hoaxes, as misinformation and often deliberately spread for certain purposes, have a broad negative impact, especially in the formation of public opinion and social stability. In this context, theories of truth such as correspondence, coherence, and pragmatism can be used to evaluate and identify the truth of information spread in cyberspace. Correspondence theory, for example, can be used to confirm whether information corresponds to objective facts. Coherence theory, on the other hand, prioritizes the consistency of information with a wider system of knowledge, while pragmatism theory assesses truth based on the practical impact of receiving information. The application of these theories in a hoax eradication strategy involves media education, increasing digital literacy, and developing information verification algorithms that prioritize the principles of philosophical truth. With this approach, it is hoped that the public will be smarter in filtering information, so that the spread of hoaxes can be minimized and public trust in digital media can be restored.

This study aims to examine the implementation of teaching strategies and methods at SDN 1 Gobras using a qualitative approach supported by NVivo 15 software. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observations, and documentation to evaluate the effectiveness of student-centered learning methods, such as a modified Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach. The findings reveal that kinesthetic strategies significantly enhance students’ learning enthusiasm, particularly in lower grades (grades 1-3). However, the study also identifies key challenges, including limited learning resources and time allocation. To address these issues, continuous teacher training and improved learning facilities are recommended. These findings are expected to serve as practical guidance for elementary schools in enhancing the quality of learning effectively.