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Horticulture can be interpreted as one of the agricultural subsectors that bridges the gap between production and consumption in Indonesian society. Horticultural commodities consist of vegetables, fruit, ornamental plants and medicinal plants. One of the horticultural commodities is mushrooms. Mushroom commodities have quite high consumption value in Indonesia. The demand for mushrooms continues to increase, but the availability of inputs is still inadequate and farmers still rely on marketing institutions, which is still an obstacle for mushroom entrepreneurs to meet consumer demand. Based on these problems, it is necessary to add mushroom cages so that the level of mushroom productivity continues to increase and an efficient marketing channel is needed so that all actors involved in the marketing channel can benefit each other. Research uses qualitative and quantitative methods. The data sources used are primary and secondary data. The analysis results from the business feasibility study can be run properly and inefficient marketing channels are found in channel 3.  

This research aims to analyze the workload of TruLaser Trumpf 3030 machine operators at PT. XZY using the Full Time Equivalent (FTE) Method. Data collection was carried out through interviews, direct observation, and lead time measurements in the Preparation Department, especially on the Trumpf TruLaser 3030 Machine. The results of the analysis showed variations in FTE values ​​over 3 days for 1 machine operator for 8 working hours. Although the majority of FTE values ​​are below the overload value, there is one case where the FTE value on September 20 2023 is 0.861, below the required standard. The conclusion shows that there is no problem of work overload for the Trumpf TruLaser 3030 machine operator, however, overtime or overtime is planned by the PPIC/Planner team to achieve production targets. Factors such as machine speed, machine errors, equipment delays, and hampered production processes cause operator idle time. The recommended solution is to maintain and repair machines regularly, plan a more efficient work flow, prepare materials well, improve facilities for material handling, and carefully plan the production process. To overcome idle time, it is recommended to provide additional work such as training for interns or administrative work during shift changes or the next day.            

SMES (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) often face significant challenges, especially related to financial and workforce risk management. This research aims to analyze Lela Florist's financial risk management. In this research, a descriptive qualitative approach with interviews was used to collect data from business owners and female employees. The analysis is carried out with a focus on financial risk management strategies, such as product and service diversification, creative promotions, cash flow management, separation of company assets and access to capital. Lela Florist has implemented various strategies to manage financial risks effectively. Diversification of products and services, creative promotions, and utilization of online delivery and ordering services help reduce financial risks and maintain revenue stability. Meanwhile, efficient management of employee costs, employee development and effective performance management increases productivity and maintains service quality. This research shows that Lela Florist's financial risk management has effectively played an important role in the operational success of SMES.  

Learning strategies are a series of instructional actions that teachers must carry out in order for learning objectives to be achieved efficiently. The learning strategies used in the choir extracurricular activities at SMP Negeri 4 Sewon include direct learning strategies, indirect learning strategies, and inquiry-based learning strategies, utilizing demonstration, imitation, and drill methods.This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The object of the research is the learning strategies employed in choir extracurricular activities, with the research subjects being the extracurricular teacher and students. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, documentation, and literature study. Data validation is carried out using source triangulation and technique triangulation. Data analysis is conducted through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The results of the study show that the implementation of learning strategies in the choir extracurricular activities at SMP Negeri 4 Sewon uses demonstration, imitation, and drill methods in a structured and effective manner. These methods are combined with direct, indirect, and inquiry-based learning strategies to enhance students' vocal skills and creativity. The impact of implementing these strategies is an improvement in singing ability, the development of self-confidence, creativity, and independence, as well as increased student motivation to actively participate in choir activities. The teacher acts as a facilitator who creates a space for independent and collaborative learning, making the learning process more enjoyable. This activity not only develops musical skills but also builds students' confidence and professionalism in various performance opportunities. With regular practice schedules and relevant song material, this extracurricular activity makes a positive contribution to the development of students' talents and character at school.

Real-time data management plays a crucial role in Internet of Things (IoT) applications that require fast and efficient data processing and analysis. This article aims to explore various methods of real- time data management used in the context of IoT. These methods encompass data collection, transmission, storage, and real-time analytics. The primary focus is on enhancing the efficiency of IoT data management and minimizing delays in decision-making based on incoming data. The outcomes of this approach are expected to optimize the performance of IoT applications by providing rapid responsiveness to continuously flowing data. Thus, the article summarizes the objectives, methods, and outcomes of implementing real-time data management for high-performance and optimal responsiveness in IoT applications.

This research aims to find out how effective and efficient correspondence management is after the use of online-based electronic information and communication technology (paperless office system) in processing incoming letters. Utilization of information technology in correspondence management is management of an agency's correspondence system by utilizing information technology in the form of computer media, the internet or other media using either manual or electronic systems. The main discussion in this research is how effective the delivery of incoming mail services is with an electronic system and the obstacles faced in implementing these two systems in mail management. The research results show that the application of information technology in correspondence management is able to speed up the administration process, reduce human error, and increase data accessibility and security. However, several obstacles such as limited skilled human resources and inadequate technological infrastructure are still challenges. Recommendations are provided to overcome these obstacles, including training for staff and improving technological infrastructure. Thus, it is hoped that the use of information technology in correspondence management can continue to be improved to support a more modern school administration and efficient.

This research examines the need for correspondence management training for administrative staff through a literature review from various related literature sources. Correspondence management is an important activity in office administration, but often does not receive adequate attention. This can cause problems such as mail flow jams, loss of important documents, and slow administration processes. To overcome this problem, appropriate training is needed for administrative staff so that they can manage correspondence effectively and efficiently. Through searching various journals, books and other literary sources, information was obtained about the importance of correspondence management, the obstacles faced by administrative staff, as well as best practices in managing correspondence. From the literature review, relevant training needs for administrative staff were identified, such as digital archiving, handling confidential letters, and the use of information technology-based correspondence management information systems. The results of this literature research provide a comprehensive picture of the needs for correspondence management training for administrative staff. These findings are the basis for designing training programs that suit the real needs of administrative staff, so that they can optimize correspondence management and support the smooth running of administrative processes in the organization.

Waste management in Ciburial Village, Cimenyan District, Bandung Regency still faces various challenges. Waste produced by households is usually processed individually, such as burning or landfilling it with soil. However, this method is still not effective because urban communities have limited space. Other waste management is on a paid basis, where the rubbish will be picked up by the rubbishman at each house and will end up in the final disposal site. The mass use of non-degradable and uncontrolled items, as well as deficiencies in waste processing and management, have negative implications for health and the environment. Efficient and environmentally friendly waste management is an urgent problem, and we are making every effort to bring this problem to light. Efficient and environmentally friendly waste management is an urgent need, and we are making every effort to bring attention to this problem. We want to spread our efforts and bring attention to the need for sustainable waste management by visiting every community in RT 1, RT 2, and RT 3. This qualitative descriptive research aims to detect, characterize, and explain PSAT in Ciburial Village. , Cimenyan District, Bandung Regency. Environmentally conscious volunteers and authorities from the Ciburial Community Group, Cimenyan District, Bandung Regency and other local organizations took part in this research. Apart from living in Ciburial Village, they are also active in the integrated waste management program. The findings from this research highlight the potential of integrated waste management initiatives to educate the general public about the importance of responsible waste disposal. More and more people are realizing that sustainable waste management and sorting waste for reprocessing based on type is very important. Organic waste will later be collected and reprocessed into compost, while dry waste will end up in final disposal sites.

In the progress of information technology and knowledge, data processing by computer played a significant role in the field of information. But many institutions government still has not implemented the optimal monitoring systems, particularly in the management of the official travel. This research focuses on the monitoring system official travel web based development planning board the kabupaten government ngawi. This difficulty while manual is the use of ms.Office word and excel in the management of official travel, led to the mistake and the.To deal with this problem, the researchers devised a system of the web based covering management accountability, that in the official travel. This study by using the method proposed method of development rad.The design participation of users who plays the role of crucial revision in software design the specifications.The result showed that these information systems capable of accelerating and loosening the process of making a official travel.The implementation of this system, expected the finance division directorate of trading businesses able to manage official travel more efficiently in accordance with the regulation.This study produced recommendations for similar institution to adopt similar solutions in the management of official travel. 

The inventory system that has been used has faced various problems, namely that there are often errors in the process of implication in Ms.Excel because the data is large enough and must clean old data. The absence of history of who has entered and accessed into Ms.Excel makes the security of the data in it reduced. To solve the problems faced, an inventory information system was developed using the WEB-based EOQ method. This study aims to analyze the suitability of the developed system with the needs of the user. The results showed that the inventory information system has been integrated with the system so that it is more effective and efficient.. This is evidenced by system testing, internal and external validation carried out by expert experts, plus effectiveness tests between the old system and the new system.

Today's business developments are increasingly diverse, including retail businesses. Retail in Indonesia is currently growing rapidly. In every corner of the city, it cannot be denied that many retail shops have been built, not only to make a profit but also to provide facilities to the community which is also growing and has more and more needs that must be met. Retail is one of the retail stores in Indonesia which is currently developing. To make work and activities easier, the Blue Green Line Shop needs to improve its spatial layout. The spatial layout that the shop has designed is still considered less effective and efficient. Due to the placement of the freezer which is not visible to customers and the refrigerator which blocks the cashier, it disturbs customers in the payment process. The methods used are the ARC (Activity Relationship Chart) and TCR (Total Closeness Rating) methods. The results of this research show that the cashier has the highest score from the TCR calculation results, namely 168 and has an influence on the course of shop activities using the TCR worksheet, as well as the proposed placement of the freezer right next to the entrance so it is not visible and the refrigerator blocks the cashier from being moved to another row of refrigerators, so that work and activities can run as they should.

The research in this journal article aims to determine the application of letter management standards in increasing the effectiveness of letter management. Therefore, it is necessary to manage letters well and correctly so that the letters can be well organized and the process of returning letters can be carried out effectively and efficiently. It is hoped that effective mail management can be carried out by the relevant staff in managing mail, both for incoming and outgoing mail. So, in researching this journal article, it can be seen that the application of letter management standards in increasing management effectiveness, that the management of incoming mail is divided into six stages which are important to know, namely: receiving letters, sorting letters, directing letters, recording letters, distributing letters and storing letters. Meanwhile, for managing outgoing letters, there are also six stages which include: creating a letter concept, typing, editing, affixing a letter address, folding and enclosing the letter and distributing the letter. The implementation of management has gone quite well, and currently the system is being transferred to an electronic system.

This article discusses the role of social media in catechesis to build faith in the digital age. The digital age has brought about major changes in the way we communicate and access information. Social media, as a product of the digital technology revolution, has become a highly efficient and effective means of communication, connecting individuals around the world quickly and easily. The Catholic Church views social media as an important tool for evangelization, faith formation, and spreading the values of love and truth. Through social media, the Church can influence more people to take the message of Christ to different corners of the world and offer new opportunities for catechesis to reach out to people and nurture their faith. Digital catechesis is a very effective tool in educating and deepening the faith of the people, creating a lively and dynamic atmosphere of faith. The church has an important role in guiding its people to integrate their faith in digital life, making technology a tool to strengthen faith and Christian values. This article provides some suggestions for the effective use of social media in catechesis, such as the development of innovative catechesis programs, digital education for parishioners, collaboration with communities and technologists, and evaluation of the impact of social media use. In this strategy, the Church can utilize social media to strengthen the faith of the people and create a more faithful and dignified community in the digital age.

The KALIMASADA program is an abbreviation for Adminduk Aware Community Environmental Area. This program is present as one of the efforts made by the Population and Civil Registration Service of the City of Surabaya to increase the awareness of the people of Surabaya City regarding Population Administration. This program is implemented in every sub-district of Surabaya City, supported by the Head of RT/RW, KSH, and MSIB 6 Internship Students as service assistants who go directly to the field (pick up the ball) to provide convenience for the community in managing population administration optimally. By implementing the KALIMASADA program, it is hoped that the public will understand the importance of population administration which is carried out free of charge without any charges. The implementation of the KALIMASADA Jemput Bola adminduk program uses the observation method by observing objects directly during the assignment period in Rangkah Village, Surabaya City. The results of this activity can show that the role of MSIB 6 students as Companion of Population Administration Services has a significant influence in increasing public awareness of the importance of population administration in today's masses. Apart from that, MSIB 6 students also play a very important role for the community in making it easier to manage population administration files. quickly and efficiently

This research is motivated by the role of out-of-school educational institutions in instilling religious character values ​​in children through the medium of the Jalan Baru sub-district mosque. This research aims to meet children's needs in forming a religious character. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method, the techniques used in collecting data include (1) Observation, (2) interviews, (3) Documentation.Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the role of out-of-school educational institutions in instilling children's religious character values ​​through the mosque media in Jalan Baru sub-district: 1. What is the role of out-of-school educational institutions in instilling children's educational character values ​​through the media of the mosque in Jalan Baru Curup sub-district , The role of educational institutions in non-formal institutions at the Ukhuwah mosque is: a. Time management is time management in mosques which is important to ensure worship and other activities run smoothly and efficiently. 2. Collaboration with educators in instilling character values ​​in children's education through the medium of the mosque in the Jalan Baru Curup sub-district. At the ukhuwah mosque, cooperation has been carried out by children, namely in religious activities, students participate as lecturers, MCs, call to prayer, congregational prayers and mutual cooperation activities where community members voluntarily work together to carry out work or activities together for the common good.

This research describes the application of collaborative learning in Indonesian language courses at universities, identifies its benefits, and identifies the challenges faced in its implementation. This research also aims to formulate solutions that can overcome these challenges, thereby strengthening the effectiveness and success of collaborative learning in the context of teaching Indonesian in higher education. Based on the results and discussion, the conclusion that can be drawn is that collaborative learning has a strong theoretical basis from social constructivism, constructivism, social learning, and cooperative theory (Vygotsky, Piaget, Bandura, Johnson & Johnson). The implementation of collaborative learning provides significant benefits for students and lecturers, including increased motivation, material knowledge, engagement, and better interpersonal relationships. Effective implementation strategies include clarifying learning objectives, forming effective groups, providing structured assignments, facilitating interaction, and providing fair assessments. Further training and provision is needed for students and lecturers in implementing collaborative learning effectively. The development of assessment instruments that are more detailed and sensitive to individual contributions in the group can increase the objectivity of the assessment. Further research is needed to identify more efficient strategies for overcoming challenges in collaborative learning. Stronger support from universities in providing the training and resources needed to optimize the implementation of collaborative learning models  

In everyday life, three-dimensional shapes are ubiquitous, manifesting in structures such as houses, bottles, and vehicles. These shapes, characterized by length, width, and height, represent the application of functions of two variables, particularly within spatial domains. This research employs Python programming to model functions of two variables, specifically focusing on spatial surfaces. Leveraging the Matplotlib module, graphical representations of these functions are generated, while the NumPy module facilitates mathematical analyses, including identifying extremal values, critical points, and tangent lines. Results demonstrate the efficacy of Python in efficiently modeling functions of two variables. Through this approach, readers gain insights into the inherent characteristics and behaviors of such functions within spatial contexts, thereby simplifying mathematical analyses and enhancing comprehension.

The use of technology has become the main key in increasing efficiency in the oil and gas marketing and trading industry. This research investigates the implementation of Pancasila values ​​in the context of acculturation of technological innovation to increase efficiency in oil and gas marketing and trading activities in Indonesia. Through literature analysis, this research identifies Pancasila values ​​as a moral and ethical foundation that can guide positive transformation in business practices. This research also explores how technological innovations, such as digitalization and automation, can be combined with Pancasila values ​​to create a more efficient and sustainable system in the oil and gas industry. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a better understanding of how technology influences efficiency in oil and gas marketing and trading, as well as provide useful recommendations for the oil and gas industry to utilize technology in accordance with the reference value of "Social Justice for All Indonesian People" in order to create fair distribution. and equitable distribution of oil and gas resources for the benefit of all Indonesian people. In this context, implementing the 5th principle means ensuring that the economic and social benefits of the oil and gas industry are not only enjoyed by a few people or regions, but are distributed fairly to all levels of society. This could include sharing income from oil and gas activities, environmental protection, and creation equal employment opportunities.

The use of technology in the learning process can have a positive impact on the student's understanding process, but it also certainly has obstacles. Therefore,  it is necessary to explore how students view the use of technology in learning so that learning can be adjusted to their wishes. To find out, this study uses interview methods and data analysis using descriptive and qualitative methods. The results show that most students have a positive view of the integration of technology in learning and learning activities. Technology is considered to make it easier for students to find the material they want to learn and also make learning more efficient and interesting. Even so, students feel challenged and feel that with the existence of technology, there will be a gap between students that causes disparity and in limitations to technology ownership or internet access. In addition, students' preferences regarding the technology used vary greatly; some students prefer the use of technology in learning, such as videos or other interactive media.

To effectively comprehend human actions, we have developed a Deep Neural Network (DNN) that utilizes inner spatiotemporal non-locality to capture meaningful semantic context for efficient action identification. This work introduces the Top-Heavy CapsNet as a novel approach for video analysis, incorporating a 3D Convolutional Neural Network (3DCNN) to apply the thematic actions of local classifiers for effective classification based on motion from the spatiotemporal context in videos. This DNN comprises multiple layers, including 3D Convolutional Neural Network (3DCNN), Spatial Depth-Based Non-Local (SBN) layer, and Deep Capsule (DCapsNet). Firstly, the 3DCNN extracts structured and semantic information from RGB and optical flow streams. Secondly, the SBN layer processes feature blocks with spatial depth to emphasize visually advantageous cues, potentially aiding in action differentiation. Finally, DCapsNet is more effective in exploiting vectorized prominent features to represent objects and various action features for the ultimate label determination. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DNN achieves an average accuracy of 97.6%, surpassing conventional DNNs on the traffic police dataset. Furthermore, the proposed DNN attains average accuracies of 98.3% and 80.7% on the UCF101 and HMDB51 datasets, respectively. This underscores the applicability of the proposed DNN for effectively recognizing diverse actions performed by subjects in videos.