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This research examines digital charity practices within Christian media communication on YouTube, focusing on two distinct donation formats: marapthon live stream donations (e.g., 24‑hour fundraising events) and sermon‑based donations (offerings collected during or after online worship services). Despite the rapid growth of faith‑based online giving, a critical problem remains: the absence of an integrated system that aligns these two donation models with Christian values of transparency, accountability, and community stewardship. Existing platforms often treat live marapthon and sermon donations separately, leading to fragmented donor experiences and inefficient fund utilization. Therefore, this study aims to develop a conceptual framework for an integrated digital charity system by comparatively analyzing media communication strategies in both donation contexts. The proposed method is a netnographic comparative analysis, involving systematic observation of YouTube comments, chat logs, and video descriptions from 10 Christian channels (5 marapthon‑focused, 5 sermon‑focused) over six months, supplemented by semi‑structured interviews with content creators and donors. The main findings reveal that marapthon donations emphasize urgency and real‑time social proof, while sermon donations rely on theological framing and pastoral trust. The synthesis proposes a hybrid system architecture incorporating real‑time donation tracking, automated acknowledgment, and weekly theological reflection modules. In conclusion, integrating both models into a single development framework enhances donor engagement and aligns digital charity with Christian communication ethics, offering practical guidelines for church‑based YouTubers and platform developers.

This study presents an innovation design for an Internet of Things (IoT)-based watering and liquid fertilizer control system for chili plants using a NodeMCU ESP32. The main problem addressed is the manual watering and fertilizing process, which makes it difficult for farmers to monitor soil moisture, temperature, air humidity, and light intensity in real time. The recommended method used in this draft is Research and Development (R&D) with a prototyping approach because the study focuses on designing, building, integrating, and testing an IoT device through iterative stages. The system is designed using a soil moisture sensor, DHT11, LDR sensor, two-channel relay, two 12 V DC pumps, 16x2 I2C LCD, and the Blynk Mobile application for remote monitoring and control. Sensor data are transmitted to Blynk as percentage values and plant condition statuses, while the water and fertilizer pumps can be controlled using virtual buttons. The control logic defines the optimal condition for chili plants based on soil moisture of 60-80%, temperature of 25-30°C, air humidity of 60-80%, and light intensity of 50-90%. Prototype documentation and functional testing data will be completed in the next stage.

Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the types of stroke with the highest rates of mortality and morbidity. This condition is often accompanied by decreased levels of consciousness and hemodynamic instability, particularly in patients undergoing intensive care in the ICU. The application of murottal (Qur’anic recitation) therapy is expected to contribute to the stabilization of patients’ hemodynamic, physical, and physiological conditions. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of Qur’anic murottal therapy on the hemodynamic stability of ICU patients at RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto. This study used a case study design in the form of a nursing care report involving one patient diagnosed with ICH and a nursing problem of decreased intracranial adaptive capacity. The intervention consisted of listening to the recitation of Surah Ar-Rahman for 20 minutes once per shift over three consecutive days. The observed hemodynamic parameters included blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, oxygen saturation, and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The results showed that after the administration of the murottal therapy of Surah Ar-Rahman, the patient experienced improvement and stabilization in hemodynamic parameters, including blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration, and oxygen saturation. Qur’anic murottal therapy of Surah Ar-Rahman has a positive effect on the hemodynamic stability of ICH patients in the ICU at RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto. This intervention has the potential to serve as a non-pharmacological approach to support holistic recovery and improvement in critically patients.

Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the types of stroke with the highest rates of mortality and morbidity. This condition is often accompanied by decreased levels of consciousness and hemodynamic instability, particularly in patients undergoing intensive care in the ICU. The application of murottal (Qur’anic recitation) therapy is expected to contribute to the stabilization of patients’ hemodynamic, physical, and physiological conditions. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of Qur’anic murottal therapy on the hemodynamic stability of ICU patients at RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto. This study used a case study design in the form of a nursing care report involving one patient diagnosed with ICH and a nursing problem of decreased intracranial adaptive capacity. The intervention consisted of listening to the recitation of Surah Ar-Rahman for 20 minutes once per shift over three consecutive days. The observed hemodynamic parameters included blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, oxygen saturation, and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The results showed that after the administration of the murottal therapy of Surah Ar-Rahman, the patient experienced improvement and stabilization in hemodynamic parameters, including blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration, and oxygen saturation. Qur’anic murottal therapy of Surah Ar-Rahman has a positive effect on the hemodynamic stability of ICH patients in the ICU at RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto. This intervention has the potential to serve as a non-pharmacological approach to support holistic recovery and improvement in critically patients.

The rapid transformation of education driven by globalization and technological advancement demands adaptive learning approaches that align with the characteristics of Generation Z learners. This generation is known for its curiosity, independence in thinking, and openness to diverse perspectives, yet it is also vulnerable to misinformation and negative online influences. Within the context of Islamic education, learning is not solely oriented toward cognitive development but also emphasizes the cultivation of moral values, particularly tolerance. This study aims to explore how contextual teaching methods can contribute to fostering tolerant attitudes among Generation Z students in Islamic educational settings. The research employs a qualitative approach through library research, utilizing a descriptive-analytical framework. Data were collected from various sources, including academic journals, books, and previous studies related to contextual learning, multicultural education, and Generation Z characteristics. The data collection technique involved document analysis, followed by content analysis procedures such as data reduction, categorization, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that contextual learning effectively promotes tolerance by engaging students in discussion, problem-solving, reflection, and real-life experiences. The integration of multicultural values and the role of teachers as facilitators and role models further strengthen this process. However, challenges remain, including limited teacher understanding, the persistence of conventional methods, inadequate supporting facilities, and the influence of social media. Overall, contextual learning presents a relevant strategy for developing open-minded, balanced, and socially adaptive Generation Z learners.

Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) are common in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) who receive combination therapy involving oral antidiabetic agents and insulin. This literature review aims to identify the main types of DRPs and the factors contributing to their occurrence based on recent studies from PubMed, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. The most frequently reported DRP is drug interaction, followed by underdosing, overdosing, therapy without indication, untreated indications, adverse drug reactions, and patient-related problems such as non-adherence. Several factors contribute to the occurrence of DRPs, including polypharmacy, inappropriate dosing, the presence of comorbidities, limited patient knowledge regarding therapy, and inadequate clinical monitoring. These conditions may increase the risk of poor glycemic control and treatment failure. Therefore, effective management of DRPs is essential to improve therapeutic outcomes. The findings of this review emphasize the important role of pharmacists in conducting medication reviews, identifying DRPs early, and implementing appropriate interventions to enhance patient safety and optimize treatment in T2DM patients.

Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) are common in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) who receive combination therapy involving oral antidiabetic agents and insulin. This literature review aims to identify the main types of DRPs and the factors contributing to their occurrence based on recent studies from PubMed, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. The most frequently reported DRP is drug interaction, followed by underdosing, overdosing, therapy without indication, untreated indications, adverse drug reactions, and patient-related problems such as non-adherence. Several factors contribute to the occurrence of DRPs, including polypharmacy, inappropriate dosing, the presence of comorbidities, limited patient knowledge regarding therapy, and inadequate clinical monitoring. These conditions may increase the risk of poor glycemic control and treatment failure. Therefore, effective management of DRPs is essential to improve therapeutic outcomes. The findings of this review emphasize the important role of pharmacists in conducting medication reviews, identifying DRPs early, and implementing appropriate interventions to enhance patient safety and optimize treatment in T2DM patients.

The problem of stunting is still a serious issue in health development in Indonesia because it has an impact on the quality of human resources. This study aims to analyze the efforts of the Pagomogo Village Government in handling stunting. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Informants were determined using purposive sampling consisting of village governments, health workers, cadres, and the community. The results of the study show that the village government has implemented various programs, such as Supplementary Feeding (PMT), strengthening Human Development Cadres (KPM), improving services through community institutions, and sanitation development. However, the implementation of the program has not been optimal because it is still constrained by economic factors, low public awareness, limited counseling, and access to clean water. This study concludes that the main problem does not lie in the availability of programs, but in the implementation and sustainability aspects. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen community empowerment, improve education, and evaluate results-based programs.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, particularly in densely populated areas. Control efforts require accurate data and spatial analysis to understand disease distribution patterns. Geographic Information System (GIS) is an effective tool for visualizing case distribution and supporting surveillance and planning of control programs at the primary healthcare level. This study aims to describe the spatial distribution of Dengue cases based on medical record data and produce a geographic distribution map to support Dengue control efforts at the Puskesmas level. This study used a quantitative descriptive design with secondary data from medical records at Karangsari Health Center. The sample consisted of 255 DHF patients in 2025, selected using a total sampling technique. Data were processed through editing, geocoding patient addresses, and spatial analysis using QGIS software.The results showed 255 Dengue  cases in 2025 with fluctuating monthly trends, peaking in April and lowest in December. Case distribution was uneven and tended to cluster. High-risk areas accounted for 15.7%–21.2%, moderate-risk areas 9.8%–15.7%, and low-risk areas 7.1%–9.8%. Megu Cilik Village had the highest proportion of cases, while other villages were categorized as moderate and low risk. This pattern indicates that Dengue incidence is influenced by environmental conditions, vector density, host factors, rainfall, and Aedes aegypti presence. GIS provides clearer spatial visualization, helping identify high-risk areas and supporting targeted public health interventions.

Parental conflict is a significant risk factor that threatens the psychological well-being of adolescents. This study aims to review the relationship between parental conflict and anxiety levels in adolescents through a qualitative literature approach. Various research findings consistently show that high-frequency and high-intensity parental conflict contributes to increased anxiety, emotional insecurity, and maladaptive coping in adolescents. The mechanisms underlying this relationship include the emotional security theory, the cognitive-contextual framework, and the spillover hypothesis, each of which explains how conflict in the family system propagates psychologically to children. The results of this literature study confirm that adolescents who are regularly exposed to parental conflict show a significantly higher risk of developing generalized anxiety, social anxiety, and related internalizing problems. The family environment, particularly the quality of the parental relationship, is the dominant proximal determinant of adolescent mental health. Furthermore, parental conflict has been shown to undermine parent-child attachment, destabilize family functioning, and trigger chronic stress responses in adolescents who are still developing emotional regulation capacities. In the Indonesian context, this problem is particularly urgent given the high prevalence of mental health disorders among adolescents aged 15–24 years. Therefore, integrated preventive interventions involving families, schools, and mental health professionals are urgently needed.

This community service program aims to increase the digitalization capacity of the "Ali Serba Alat" MSME by strengthening Branding and Online marketing aspects. The main problems faced by partners include weak brand identity, limited use of digital media, and suboptimal Online platform-based marketing strategies. The activity implementation method uses a participatory approach with the stages of problem identification, program planning, training, mentoring, and evaluation. Activities carried out include creating a digital store presence in the form of a Google Map, logo and visual identity of the business, optimizing social media and marketplace accounts, compiling digital promotional content, and training in digital-based marketing strategies. The results of the activity show an increase in partners' understanding of the importance of Branding, improved skills in managing digital media, and increased business visibility on Online platforms. In addition, there was an increase in consumer interaction and sales potential after the implementation of the digital marketing strategy. This program is expected to become a model for sustainable mentoring in supporting the digital transformation of MSMEs to increase competitiveness in the digital economy era.

The waste problem in Indonesia has now reached a critical stage and has become an increasingly serious environmental issue. The ever-increasing volume of waste is not being managed effectively, leading to various negative impacts, particularly environmental pollution. This study aims to examine the state of waste management in Indonesia and its impact on water pollution from the perspective of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The method used is descriptive qualitative research through a literature review utilizing various sources such as journals, official reports, and legislation. The results indicate that the majority of waste originates from household activities, while management practices remain rudimentary, such as the “collect-transport-dispose” method and open dumping. This situation leads to waste accumulation, which contributes to water pollution, deteriorating environmental quality, and increased health risks for the community. Furthermore, suboptimal waste management also poses a challenge in achieving sustainable development goals, particularly regarding responsible consumption and access to clean water and sanitation. Therefore, improved efforts are needed through the application of the reduce, reuse, recycle (3R) principles, increased public awareness, and the active role of the government and the private sector in providing a sustainable waste management system. With the right measures, it is hoped that the waste problem in Indonesia can be reduced and the environment preserved.

Non-performing loans represent one of the risks faced by banks in their lending activities, particularly in housing loan (KPR) products. This study aims to analyze the procedures for resolving problematic housing loans and to identify the factors causing the decline in debtors’ repayment ability, as well as the obstacles encountered in the implementation of such procedures at PT Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk, Tasikmalaya Branch Office. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through direct observation and interviews with relevant parties within the bank. The results show that the procedures for resolving problematic loans are carried out through several stages, including submission of restructuring applications, document verification, analysis of the debtor’s repayment capacity, determination of restructuring schemes, approval, agreement signing, and post-restructuring monitoring. These procedures are supported by the application of the 3R concept, namely rescheduling, reconditioning, and restructuring, which are implemented flexibly according to the debtor’s condition. The findings also indicate that the decline in debtors’ repayment ability is mainly caused by decreased income, job loss, increased living expenses, and unstable economic conditions. In practice, several obstacles were identified, such as incomplete documentation, lack of debtor cooperation, and issues related to collateral ownership that has been transferred from the original debtor. Therefore, improved supervision, better communication, and stronger coordination between the bank and debtors are necessary to ensure the effectiveness of loan resolution procedures.

This research was conducted with the aim o modifying the behavior o children who are prepetratorso bullying at Tapak Suci Putera Muhammadiyah Jagakarsa, through group counseling methods using role playing techniques. The role playing technique is used as an effort to modify the behavior of children by exchanging roles between the bullying perpetrator and the bullying vicim, through this role exchange, which will directly build a sense of empathy for the children involved in bullying behavior. The research method used in this study is qualitative with a descriptive technique, in which all observations and research result will be explained in written form. The background of this study contains information on how the role playing technique in group counseling produces the growth of empathy in children who are perpetrators of bullying, so that with the formation of empathetic emotions, the bullying children at Tapak Suci Putera Muhammadiyah Jagakarsa can control themselves, leading to the realization of efforts to modify such behavior. The result of this study is that behavior modification using the group counseling methods with role playing techniques for children who engage in bullying was successful and optimal in changing the children’s bullying behavior into empathy and respect for others. Thereore, behavior modification using group counseling methods and role playing techniques for elementary school children has a positive and very effective impact in providing enlightenment on problematic behaviors in their social environment. 

The high rate of occupational accidents globally and nationally demands the strengthening of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) management systems, particularly in the high-risk industrial sectors. The study aims to analyze the implementation of safety induction at PT X and develop audiovisual educational media as a solution to improve occupational safety understanding. The research method employed is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques including field observations, in-depth interviews, and review of corporate documents, Problem prioritization was determined using the Urgency, Seriousness, and Growth (USG) method, while root cause analysis was conducted using a Fishbone diagram. Research findings indicate that the current oral delivery method for safety induction is ineffective, as evidenced by 13% of participants needing to retake the comprehension test. As an intervention, “POWER SAFE” video media was developed, which, based on the Methodology, Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Relevance (MEER) analysis, proved to have the highest effectiveness and relevance in delivering standardized safety information. The implications of study emphasize that the use of structured digital media is a strategic step to minimize gaps in understanding and strengthen the safety culture within high-risk work environments.

Criminal law socialization is a crucial form of community empowerment in building awareness, compliance, and legal order in the social environment. This activity is motivated by the limited understanding among some members of the public regarding what constitutes a crime, the potential legal consequences, and the appropriate steps to take when facing legal issues. This lack of legal literacy can leave people vulnerable to committing violations, becoming victims of crime, or resolving conflicts in ways that are inconsistent with legal provisions. Therefore, this socialization activity aims to provide a basic understanding of criminal law, raise public awareness of the importance of obeying the law, and encourage active community participation in creating a safe, orderly, and just environment. The activity is implemented through counseling, interactive discussions, questions and answers, and the presentation of simple case studies relevant to everyday life. The material presented includes the definition of criminal law, types of crimes frequently occurring in society, legal sanctions, the rights and obligations of citizens, and the role of the community in preventing legal violations. Through a communicative and participatory approach, it is hoped that the community will more easily understand the material and be able to connect it to real-world problems in their environment. The expected outcomes of this activity are increased public understanding of criminal law, increased awareness to avoid unlawful acts, and increased public courage to report criminal acts to the authorities. Thus, criminal law socialization serves not only as an educational activity but also as a community empowerment strategy in building a legal culture. This activity is expected to encourage the formation of a legally aware, responsible community that plays an active role in creating a law-abiding environment.

The high rate of occupational accidents globally and nationally demands the strengthening of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) management systems, particularly in the high-risk industrial sectors. The study aims to analyze the implementation of safety induction at PT X and develop audiovisual educational media as a solution to improve occupational safety understanding. The research method employed is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques including field observations, in-depth interviews, and review of corporate documents, Problem prioritization was determined using the Urgency, Seriousness, and Growth (USG) method, while root cause analysis was conducted using a Fishbone diagram. Research findings indicate that the current oral delivery method for safety induction is ineffective, as evidenced by 13% of participants needing to retake the comprehension test. As an intervention, “POWER SAFE” video media was developed, which, based on the Methodology, Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Relevance (MEER) analysis, proved to have the highest effectiveness and relevance in delivering standardized safety information. The implications of study emphasize that the use of structured digital media is a strategic step to minimize gaps in understanding and strengthen the safety culture within high-risk work environments.

Many churches face significant challenges in effectively carrying out their Gospel mission amidst limited resources, and one such church is the GSKI Pokok Anggur Church in Bekasi. This research employed a qualitative method with a case study approach. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling. The data collection techniques employed in this study included literature review, observation, the author's own experiences, and face-to-face interviews with texts, without direct involvement with eyewitnesses of events or other objects. The results of this study are as follows: First, the implementation of the missionary movement or evangelism at the GSKI Pokok Anggur Church in Bekasi exhibits profound problems, both conceptually and practically. Although the church has established a structural commitment through the formation of a mission group and established a work program, evangelism activities have not yet met expectations. Second, the congregation's low financial support for the missionary movement at the GSKI Pokok Anggur Church in Bekasi is a complex phenomenon, arising from the interaction of various theological, structural, and cultural-economic factors.  

This community service activity aims to increase the business capacity of the wood ear mushroom food MSME through integrated mentoring on business legality and access to financing. The subject of the activity was the Brother Farm MSME in Kediri Regency, which initially ran its business informally without adequate legality and had limited access to formal financing. The method used was a participatory approach with activity stages including: initial observation and problem identification, mentoring in creating a Business Identification Number (NIB), mentoring in understanding halal certification, mentoring in processing Fresh Food of Plant Origin (PSAT) permits, and education on access to financing through the People's Business Credit (KUR) scheme. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews and documentation, while data analysis used a qualitative descriptive approach by comparing conditions before and after mentoring. The results of the activity showed that the MSME successfully obtained business legality in the form of a Business Identification Number and Fresh Food of Plant Origin permits and experienced an increase in understanding regarding halal product guarantees and access to formal financing. This integrated mentoring had a positive impact on increasing consumer confidence, expanding market opportunities, and business readiness in accessing capital. Thus, this activity is able to encourage business transformation towards a more formal, structured and sustainable condition (SDG 8 and SDG 12) thereby contributing to increasing the competitiveness of food MSMEs.

Aplikasi LinkedIn merupakan platform jejaring profesional yang digunakan untuk membangun koneksi, mencari pekerjaan, serta mengembangkan karier. Dalam penggunaannya, pengguna sering memberikan ulasan pada Google Play Store yang berisi pengalaman dan kendala yang dialami saat menggunakan aplikasi. Ulasan tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber data untuk mengidentifikasi gangguan layanan yang terjadi pada aplikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis gangguan layanan yang dialami oleh pengguna aplikasi LinkedIn berdasarkan ulasan pengguna pada Google Play Store. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan teknik web scraping untuk memperoleh ulasan pengguna. Data yang telah dikumpulkan kemudian melalui proses pembersihan dengan menghapus ulasan yang tidak berkaitan dengan gangguan layanan. Selanjutnya, ulasan yang relevan diklasifikasikan ke dalam beberapa kategori gangguan, yaitu Login/Verification Error, Account Problem, System Error, Performance Issue, dan Security Issue. Data yang telah diklasifikasikan kemudian diolah untuk mengetahui jumlah dan distribusi setiap jenis gangguan. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa gangguan yang berkaitan dengan proses login dan verifikasi akun serta kesalahan sistem masih sering dialami oleh pengguna. Hasil tersebut kemudian dianalisis dengan mengacu pada proses pengelolaan permintaan layanan dan insiden pada framework COBIT 5, khususnya proses DSS02 Manage Service Requests and Incidents. Analisis ini memberikan gambaran mengenai jenis gangguan yang dialami pengguna dari perspektif pengelolaan layanan TI. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan evaluasi untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanan aplikasi.