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The inability to learn to read is a problem that results in a student being unable to follow the learning process properly and unable to achieve the expected learning goals. The four basic skills that students must have when studying in elementary schools in Indonesia are listening, speaking, reading and writing. The purpose of writing this paper is to determine and analyze the difficulties of learning to read students in learning Indonesian in class V SD 5 Kaarangbener. This article is the result of an analysis of literature related to the topic of discussion. The model used is a literature survey or literature review. The results of this research show that most students still do not understand when the teacher provides Indonesian language material. There are several factors that cause students to have difficulty learning Indonesian. Based on these results, it can be concluded that class V students at SD 5 Karangbener still have difficulty reading when learning Indonesian.

The Problem Based Learning learning model is a learning model that begins with giving problems to students where the problems given are everyday experiences or have been experienced by students. Then students solve the problems given to gain new knowledge. It is expected that students are able to learn knowledge related to these problems, as well as students have skills in solving problems. The purpose of this research is to increase student motivation in PAI subjects at Perlaungan Islamic High School. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The data collection techniques used are in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation and then drawing conclusions. The sources of data in this study are school principals, deputy heads of curricula, PAI teachers, and students. The results of the study show that: 1. Implementation of the Problem Based Learning learning model in PAI subjects at Perlaungan Islamic High School there are five stages, namely, student orientation to problems, organizing students to learn, guiding educators to search for data on a problem, developing and presenting the work , analyze and evaluate. 2. Student learning motivation, there are two learning motivations, namely, intrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation there are three indicators namely, there is a desire and desire to succeed, there are encouragement and needs in learning, there are hopes and ideals, and extrinsic motivation, there are five extrinsic motivations indicators namely, there is appreciation in learning, there are interesting activities in learning, there is a conducive learning environment, teacher-student relationships, student-student relationships.    

This research aims: (1) students' mathematical reasoning ability using the Discovery Learning learning model is higher than students' mathematical reasoning ability using conventional learning models in class VII MTs Yaspi Labuhan Deli, (2) the process of solving answers made by students in solving problems in the Discovery Learning learning model and Conventional learning model. This type of research is quantitative research with Quasi-Experimental methods. This research was conducted at MTs Yaspi Labuhan Deli. The sampling technique in this study uses Purposive Sampling techniques, namely class VII-A as a class taught with a Discovery Learning learning model and class VII-B as a class taught with a conventional learning model. The data collection instrument used was in the form of observation sheets and student mathematical reasoning ability test sheets in the form of 3 essay questions. Data analysis in this study used t-Test with Independent Sample t-Test technique with the help of SPSS 20 program. The results of this study showed that the average score of classes taught using the discovery learning model was 78,01 and classes taught using conventional learning models were 72,22. For hypothesis testing carried out using a t-test, from the calculation results obtained a value of  (2.664) >  (1.66757) with a Sig.2-tailed level of 0.010 < 0.05, which means that  rejected and  was accepted, so that it is concluded that there is a significant difference in the average mathematical reasoning ability of students using the Discovery Learning learning model and the Conventional learning model. Based on the analysis of the process of completing students' answers to the mathematical reasoning ability test that get Discovery Learning learning is better than students who get conventional learning.

In an era of cultural acceleration and rapid advancements in science and technology, this research evaluates the application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in Informatics at SMA Negeri 8 Maros, focusing on enhancing student creativity. Employing a quantitative method within the Classroom Action Research framework, this study involves cycles of planning, action, observation, and reflection. Data collected through creativity tests, surveys, and class observations reveal that PBL significantly boosts student creativity. These findings are crucial, considering the critical role of education in preparing future generations for digital era challenges. This study highlights how education, especially in Informatics covering programming, artificial intelligence, and computer networking, can adapt to changing times. By integrating technology and innovative approaches into the learning process, students can enhance creativity and other essential skills needed in the digital age. This research offers valuable insights for educators and policymakers in preparing students for a bright, sustainable future.    

In the era of education that continues to develop, learning models have become the focus of attention for educators. One learning model that has received widespread attention is Project Based Learning (PjBL). The aim of this research is to determine the effect of implementing the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model to increase student creativity so that they can solve problems in working on a project. Creativity not only allows students to solve a problem, but also has an impact on their mindset. This research was conducted using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The results obtained from this research are that there is an increase in students' creative thinking abilities before and after implementing the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model during learning.

This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of the problem-based learning model (PBL) with a STEM approach on the mathematical problem solving ability of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 17 Medan. This research was conducted at SMP N 17 Medan T.A 2023/2024. The research method used is a quasi-experimental method. The sample of this study consisted of two classes, namely class VIII-3 as an experimental class taught with a PBL model with a STEM approach and class VIII-4 as a control class taught with conventional models. Based on descriptive statistics and categorization of research results, it was found that the mathematical problem solving ability of experimental class students was 67,74% of students in the high category, 32.26% of other students in the medium category, and no students in the low category. Meanwhile, in the control class, 15,63% of students were in the high level of problem solving ability, 53,13% were in the medium level and 31,24% of students were in the category low category. Thus it can be seen that the mathematical problem solving ability of grade students taught with PBL with a STEM approach is better than conventional learning models. Furthermore, with inferential statistical analysis for the t test, calculated t value = 2,42 and ttable = 1,999623, thus t calculated > t table means that the problem-solving ability of students taught with PBL with a STEM approach is not the same as students who use the learning  conventional model. With further analysis, Fcalculated = 5,6847 and F table = 3,998494482, then  calculated F > F table so it can be concluded that problem-based learning models with a STEM approach have a significant effect on students' mathematical problem solving abilities.

This research aims: (1) the mathematical communication abilities of students using the think-talk-write (TTW) cooperative learning model are higher than the mathematical communication abilities of students using conventional learning models in class VIII SMP Negeri 19 Medan, (2) the process of completing answers is created by students in solving problems in the think-talk-write (TTW) cooperative learning model and conventional learning models. This type of research is quantitative research with a Quasi Experimental method. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 19 Medan. The sampling technique in this research used the Purposive Sampling technique, namely class VIII-5 as a class taught using the think-talk-write type cooperative learning model and class VIII-6 as a class taught with a conventional learning model. The data collection instruments were an observation sheet and a test sheet for students' mathematical communication skills in the form of 4 essay questions. Data analysis in this study used a t-Test with the Independent sample t-Test technique with the help of the SPSS 22 program. The results of the research showed that the average score for the class taught using the think-talk-write cooperative learning model was 80.1 and the class taught with a conventional learning model of 74.6. Hypothesis testing was carried out using the t-test, from the calculation results it was obtained that tcount was 2.501 and ttable 1.67469, the significance level was 0.016<0.05, then H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted, so it was concluded that students' mathematical communication skills used the cooperative learning model type. think-talk-write is higher than students' mathematical communication skills using conventional learning models. Based on the analysis of the process of students' answers to the mathematical communication skills test, students who received think-talk-write cooperative learning were better than students who received conventional learning.

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how efforts are made and enhance students' capacity for problem-solving following the application of the lesson study-based scientific approach and problem-based learning model. 38 students from SMP Negeri 4 Tebing Tinggi's VIII–5 class during the 2022–2023 academic year served as the research subjects. Classroom Action Research (PTK), which is this kind of research, is divided into two cycles. In pre-action, students take an initial test, and at the conclusion of each cycle, they take an exam on their problem-solving skills. The research findings are as follows: (1) If the teacher masters and effectively applies the PBL model and scientific approach based on lesson study, students' mathematical problem solving abilities can be improved, (2) Application of the PBL model can increase student learning completeness by 63.16% from 23.68% at the end of cycle I to 86.84% at the end of cycle II. (3) Students' mathematical problem solving abilities can be improved by 34.37% from 47.47% at the end of cycle I to 82.04% at the end of cycle II.

This research aims to determine the application of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model in learning to write personal letters for class VII students at SMPN 1 Gunungwungkal Pati. Based on the results of observations, there is a problem with class VII students at SMPN 1 Gunungwungkal Pati, namely that students still have difficulty using the right words and writing a message on personal letter writing material, because the learning model used by the teacher is not appropriate. This research uses mixed methods. Data collection was carried out using test and non-test techniques. The test technique is in the form of working on personal letter writing test questions, and the non-test technique is in the form of observation and questionnaires. Based on the research results, before implementing the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model in learning to write personal letters, teachers still used Discovery Based Learning techniques for the learning process of writing personal letters and only used Indonesian language textbooks as learning support materials. The application of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model has proven that students are more active during learning. The (CIRC) model also makes students more enthusiastic and makes it easier for students to understand the material for writing personal letters.  

In the era of revolution 4.0, education does not only require intellectual abilities, but critical thinking, creative, communicative and collaboration skills. The problem with Civics learning is that it still prioritizes cognitive aspects, it has not been able to realize the goal of creating critical and responsible students. There needs to be innovation in Civics learning that combines problem-based learning models through games and is integrated with the use of technology in elementary schools. This research aims to find out the influence of problem based learning implemented through the QR code-assisted treasure hunt game on Civics learning. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The analysis technique used is an interactive analysis model consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The results of data analysis are presented in the form of descriptions supported by observations, interviews and literature studies. The results of the analysis and discussion can be concluded that critical thinking skills emerge in Civics learning using the PBL treasure hunt and QR code models. Critical thinking skills are demonstrated by the emergence of the following indicators: providing simple explanations, building basic skills, concluding, making further explanations, strategies and tactics. It is hoped that the results of this study can become a reference, especially in the field of education, to create a superior and characterful next generation.

This research aims to determine the influence of students' learning activities on the ability to understanding mathematical concepts through the STEAM Learning Approach Makerspace model based on PBL on SPLDV materials. As for the type of research Quasi-Experiments. The population in this study was 90 students who were distributed into 3 classes with 2 classes that sampled grades VIII A and VIII C. The sampling techniques in this study used randomized classes and data collection techniques in this study were tests and observations, while the research instruments used preliminary tests and final tests to measure the ability to understand mathematical concepts and observation sheets to see students' learning activities. Data analysis techniques using a two-way ANOVA test. The research showed that there is an influence of the PBL-based Makerspace STEAM Learning Approach model on the ability to understand mathematical concepts, there is no influence on students' learning activities on mathematical concept comprehension capabilities, and there is no interaction between the PBL-based Stem Learning Approach Makerspace model and student learning activities on the ability to understand mathematical concepts. Conclusion, there is a positive direct effect of cognitive structures on the ability to understanding mathematical concepts.

Student learning outcomes are the output of the teaching and learning process. One of the problems in learning at school is the low student learning outcomes. This can be known from the initial data on the value of the diagnostic analysis results. Many factors influence learning outcomes, one of which is the learning model. The Problem Based Learning Model is an innovative learning model that requires students to be active and motivate students so that they can support and help each other in mastering the subject matter being studied. Research procedures include the observation stage, preparation stage, implementation stage and evaluation stage. The population and sample in this research were 28 students of class XI MIPA 1 SMAN 11 MAROS. The sampling technique in this research used a saturated sampling technique.

The development of the times is so fast that the role of education becomes very important in helping students to have a high skilled side.  The use of project-based learning models is one way to help students think creatively. This learning model is often called project-based learning which is included in the independent curriculum. The project-based learning model is designed to facilitate the development of students' creativity skills through the application of real projects that are relevant to the learning material.  This research uses a qualitative method based on literature study. The data contained in this study comes from previous studies that have been documented in the form of journals and books.  The results showed that the application of project-based learning model was significantly able to improve students' creative thinking ability. Students showed improvement in the ability to formulate new ideas, solve complex problems, and collaborate effectively. In addition, they developed positive attitudes towards learning, increased motivation, and experienced improvements in the understanding of learning concepts. This research contributes to understanding the use of project-based learning model, as an effective strategy to enhance students' creativity in educational contexts. The application of the findings in this study can help educators and policy makers    

The aim of this research is to determine the improvement in learning outcomes of students in classes X.3 and X.7 at UPT SMA Negeri 3 Maros in biology lessons by applying the Problem Based Learning learning model. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which has been carried out in 2 cycles. The subjects taken in this research were classes X.3 and X.7 at UPT SMA Negeri 3 Maros for the 2023/2024 academic year. The data collection techniques in this research are (1) Observation, (2) Documentation, (3) Test. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that Problem Based Learning is relevant and effective for use in student and teacher activities in the teaching process in the classroom.

This article discusses the application of the Classroom Action Research (PTK) method with the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model to improve learning outcomes in measurement material in elementary schools. The PTK method is an effective approach in identifying learning problems, formulating solutions, and testing their effectiveness directly in the classroom. The PBL model, as a student-centered learning approach, has been proven effective in improving student learning outcomes in measurement material in elementary schools. In the context of measurement, the application of the PBL model is expected to strengthen students' understanding of basic measurement concepts, such as units of measurement, measuring tools, and their application in the context of everyday life. PBL offers a student-centered learning approach, which not only helps students understand mathematical concepts, but also encourages active involvement, problem solving, and the development of critical thinking skills.

This study aims to find out the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) models on students' learning soup chapter outcomes in Class XI of Culinary at SMKN 1 Lamongan. The type of research used is a quasi-experimental with a non-equivalent control group research design. The sample was two classes, including an experimental class and a control class with 53 students in  Class XI of Culinary at SMKN 1 Lamongan. Data instruments were obtained by pre-test and post-test. The data analysis technique uses an independent sample t-test test with SPSS 25. The t-test independent test results for post-test showed that the value of Sig. For 0.020, which means the significance is <0.05. It can be said that there is a significant difference in the mean. Thus, it can be concluded that there is an effect of problem-based learning model on the learning results in Class XI of Culinary at SMKN 1 Lamongan.

This research was conducted due to the lack of optimal use of interesting media, as well as the lack of teacher skills in using digital-based media in the learning process. Because of this, students often become bored and lose interest in learning lessons. As a result, learning materials tailored to students' interests and preferences are needed.One way to achieve this is by creating the development of Problem Based Learning Media using Canva for class X TKJ in basic computer network and telecommunications orientation subjects at SMK N 3 Padang. The aim of implementing Canva as a learning medium can be a creative solution to increase student focus by visualizing material in an interesting and interactive way. This type of research uses Research and Development (R&D), and the development model used is 4D model design. This 4D development model consists of four stages, namely Define, Design,Develop (Development) and Disseminate (Dissemination). Research carried out at SMK N 3 Padang, research findings produced learning materials with material validity of 89.07% and media design validity of 93.7% and teacher response questionnaire answers of 96.6% and the student questionnaire response was 88.12 which can be categorized as very valid and practical.

The aim of this study is to provide specifics regarding the application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in upper-level Social Sciences courses, particularly when it comes to content related to diversity in Indonesia. A qualitative research method through literature review is the research strategy that is being applied. This study focuses only on giving a broad picture of how the Problem Based Learning paradigm is being used in Indonesian elementary schools to teach students about diversity. The results of this study show that a large body of prior research has demonstrated the efficacy of the Problem Based Learning paradigm in the context of social studies instruction at the elementary school level, particularly when it comes to teaching materials on diversity in Indonesia.

Teachers are required to have the ability to use various methods or combine several relevant methods so that they are able to integrate the development of students' multi-intelligences in the learning process. Based on the results of observations, information was obtained from the school that they experienced several problems in the teaching and learning process, namely that teachers in the classroom learning process were still classical, teachers had never received training in multiple intelligences learning models, while on the other hand students were required to be creative in developing knowledge in the learning process. This assistance is intended to improve teachers' abilities in implementing effective learning models by implementing multiple intelligence learning models which can be used as fun learning models in the classroom. This assistance aims to provide understanding to high school teachers about effective learning by implementing the multiple intelligence learning model, increasing the ability of high school teachers in planning, implementing and evaluating using the multiple intelligence learning model, implementing this learning model in high school according to the conditions and potential of students. The methods used include lecture, question and answer, discussion, practice and assignment methods.

Learning innovation is something that is important and must be owned by teachers. The teacher's willingness to try, discover, explore and search for various learning approaches, methods and strategies is one of the supports for the emergence of various new innovations. Social studies as a subject at elementary school level is essentially a complete integration of social science disciplines and other relevant scientific disciplines to realize educational goals at school level. From the results of teacher observations, several problems were found in social studies learning, including: (1) in the teaching process teachers only use lecture and question and answer methods so that students tend to get bored because they find learning less interesting; (2) the learning that takes place is always teacher-centered so that student involvement is less active; (3) students' understanding and memory are still minimal. To overcome problems in learning in class VI, learning is implemented at SD Negeri Temon using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) method regarding Economic Activities in ASEAN Countries. The choice of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) method in the learning process is adjusted to the basic competencies in social studies learning. The teacher gives a number of trigger problems, then students continuously develop their knowledge in groups and individually.