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This journal examines Emma Heesters' English versions of Indonesian songs, concentrating on the strategies and procedures she employs when translating verses from Indonesian to English, using Diminish Newmark's (1988) interpretation hypothesis as a foundation for evaluation. By analyzing a selection of songs, the study outlines how Heesters addresses social nuances, colloquial expressions, and enthusiasm. This evaluation not only exposes the difficulties involved in interpreting melody verses, but it also emphasizes the significance of maintaining the aesthetic substance of the original piece. Finally, the study improves understanding of interpretation processes in the field of music and cross-cultural contact.

This study investigates category shifts in the Indonesian subtitle translation of The Lion King (2019) using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Drawing on Catford’s Category Shift Theory (1965), the research identifies four types of shifts—structure, class, unit, and intra-system—within the film’s subtitles. The data, collected through documentation and note-taking techniques, were analyzed to determine the nature and frequency of each shift type. The findings show that structure shifts are the most dominant (54%), followed by unit shifts (21%), class shifts (18%), and intra-system shifts (7%). These shifts demonstrate the translator’s strategy in adapting the source language to suit the target language's syntactic and semantic norms. By focusing on the linguistic and functional aspects of subtitle translation, this research highlights the importance of translation shifts in maintaining clarity, naturalness, and audience engagement in cross-linguistic audiovisual media.    

This study explores EFL students’ perceptions of podcasts media used by English teachers in teaching listening comprehension at an Islamic Senior High School in Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Using a case study design, data were collected from 27 tenth-grade students who enrolled in a listening class through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, observation, and documentation. The quantitative data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, while data obtained from the interviews, observations, and documentations were analyzed thematically. The findings show that students generally held positive perceptions toward podcasts as learning media in enhancing their listening skills. Despite initial difficulties such as understanding native speakers’ accents, rapid speech, and limited vocabulary, students overcame these challenges using strategies like repetition, subtitles, note-taking, and translation tools. Podcasts were also used to support improvements in pronunciation, vocabulary, and overall listening comprehension. Students also appreciated the flexibility, accessibility, and engaging content that podcasts offer, which enhanced their motivation in learning. However, some obstacles, such as a lack of consistency and motivation, were also reported. Still, students developed adaptive strategies to stay engaged. This study concludes that podcast media can be an effective tool for improving EFL students’ listening skills when integrated with proper guidance and regular practice. The findings highlight the potential of podcasts as a supportive and accessible medium in English language instruction, specifically to foster students' listening skills.

This research analyzes the translation strategies applied in the Indonesian version of the song "What Else Can I Do?" from Disney's animated film Encanto (2021). Using Peter Newmark’s translation theory, the study compares 26 selected lines from the original English lyrics with their Indonesian translations, focusing on four methods: literal, faithful, free, and communicative translation. The analysis, conducted through a qualitative descriptive approach, reveals that each method was strategically applied depending on the content and context of each line, aiming to maintain meaning, rhythm, and emotional impact. The results highlight the complexity of song translation, particularly the balance between linguistic accuracy and cultural adaptation in audiovisual media.

This research is about the effect of forum group discussion method towards student’s speaking skill at the tenth-grade student’s. This research aimed to know whether the effect of forum group discussion method towards the students’ speaking skill effectively at the tenth grade of MTs NW MONTONG MAS. This research applied Pre-Assessment, Cycle 1 and Cycle 2. The population of this research was students in the 11th grade and the sample of this research consists of 25 students of MTs NW MONTONG MAS. The Researcher collected the data by giving the pre-assessment, cycle 1 and cycle 2, formulated in an oral test containing the speaking test. The data collected through pre-assessment, cycle 1 and cycle 2 were firstly tabulated and analyzed in percentage. The result could see that the percentages of students’ speaking skill were improved in each cycle. The result of students’ speaking was always positive and increased well, the improvement of students’ speaking skill occurred from pre-assessment until last cycle.

For adolescent girls aged 15–19 around the world, complications from pregnancy and childbirth are the main cause of death. With girls under 15 being up to five times more likely to pass during delivery, this group has substantially more hazards than older women. Contributions include physical maturity, insufficient prenatal care, and socioeconomic obstacles. Correcting these inequalities is essential to raise maternal and teen health results worldwide. Adolescent mothers have a higher risk of problems including preterm birth, anemia, and preeclampsia. Their babies are more prone to have low birth weight, developmental delays, and greater death rates. Socially, teenage mothers sometimes face stigma, limited educational and job prospects, and economic hardship, therefore sustaining cycles of poverty and social injustice. This review aims to examine how common and serious maternal problems, like preeclampsia, anemia, and infections, are in teenage pregnancies. It also looks at serious issues for babies, such as low birth weight, preterm birth, and neonatal death. Finally, it studies the longterm health effects on both teenage mothers and their children, physical, psychological, and developmental aspects. Using keywords pertaining to teenage pregnancy and maternal and foetal health outcomes, the systematic review will include studies published in English or Indonesian from 2010 to 2023 focusing on teenage pregnancies (ages 10–19), maternal and foetal health outcomes, conduct thorough database searches using PubMed, and Google Scholar Teen mothers may struggle to meet the nutritional demands of pregnancy, leading to complications like preeclampsia, anemia, and a higher chance of cesarean births. 

This study aims to explore the practices and perceptions of tutors in implementing assessment in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) instruction at non-formal language course institutions. A quantitative method was used, involving data collection through questionnaires with both closed and open-ended questions, complemented by an online interview to deepen the understanding of assessment implementation. The results show that diagnostic and formative assessments are the most frequently used types (100%), while performance-based and project-based assessments are used by 50% of the respondents. None of the tutors reported using self-assessment, indicating a limited variety in assessment methods applied. The main purposes of assessment include identifying students’ learning needs, monitoring progress, and evaluating teaching effectiveness. Despite facing challenges such as limited time and low student motivation, tutors managed to apply solutions like group discussions and peer feedback. Assessment was found to positively impact both students’ skill development and tutors’ understanding of -learners’ needs. The study concludes that assessment in ESP plays a strategic role not only as an evaluation tool but also as a diagnostic and formative mechanism that supports continuous learning. Therefore, proper understanding and contextual adaptation are essential in maximizing the role of assessment in ESP instruction.

The Community Service Program (KKN) at the Silungkang Tigo Library aims to enhance student engagement in learning English through the ice-breaking method. This program was conducted from January 15 to February 15, 2025, involving elementary school students attending English tutoring sessions. The methods used include interactive songs, movement-guessing games, and word search activities related to animals. The results indicate that students became more active, confident, and motivated in learning English. By creating a more enjoyable learning environment, the ice-breaking method has proven effective in improving students' comprehension and use of English vocabulary.

This study investigates the implementation and effectiveness of artificial intelligence-driven adaptive learning platforms in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms across urban and rural Indonesian educational settings. Through a mixed-methods approach involving 247 students and 12 teachers from eight institutions, this research comparatively analyzes three prominent AI language learning platforms: LinguaLearn AI, AdaptEd English, and AI Tutor Pro. The findings reveal significant differences in learning outcomes, with AI-enhanced platforms demonstrating a 27% improvement in language proficiency compared to traditional methods. However, implementation challenges including digital literacy barriers, internet connectivity issues, and cultural adaptation requirements were identified, particularly in rural contexts. The study proposes a contextually responsive framework for integrating AI language learning technologies in developing EFL environments, contributing to the growing discourse on educational technology in linguistically diverse settings. This research highlights the potential of AI to personalize language acquisition while emphasizing the necessity of culturally and infrastructurally appropriate implementation strategies.

Mastery of English is one indicator of the readiness of the young generation to face global challenges, there are still many factors as students in mastering the English especially in speaking. Even EFL is taught since in the school to collage, the students still have trouble, the use of appropriate method should be applied to overcome the problem during teaching and learning EFL classroom by the teacher. The use of code-switching is the way to motivate the students in order to be active in speaking class. the aims of this study was to findout the use of Code switching strategy in EFL in speaking ability of students. In this study, there were 40 students of the midwifery study program and 3 English Lectures at STIK Bina Husada Palembang as study sample in the 2024/2025 academic year.  The methodology used was mixed method and in collecting the data The instrument used were questionnaire  that distributed to the midwifery students in second grade and Enlish lecturers in STIK Bina Husada and the speaking test was also given to the students as pre and post test. From the obtained results of the questionnaire showed that the students often used code-switching to explain the information more clearly, it can motivated them to be active event they were still trouble in limited of vocabulary and the English lecturers believed that code-switching in EFL class to help them conveyed the materials clearly to the students. And from the speaking test showed there were positive effect of this strategy to make students more in speaking that it can be seen from the development of students speaking in the class.

English has become an international language in the world. It becomes tool of communication for many people freely around the world either in spoken or written context, or direct or indirect interaction. One of the reason this phenomenon caused by the development of technology which has been spreading widely around the world. Therefore, it is important for people to learn, especially for English learner to learn deeper about language in both contexts.  Data collection of this research used documentary and visual data or document analysis which is suitable to apply since it refers to describe the attitude through English speech which also related to transcript. This research used the ATLAS software. ti 24, this software is useful in assisting the data analysis process of qualitative grounded theory research. And discourse analysis is one of appropriate study often used to analyse language use both in written and spoken context. The study of attitude also take part in analysing the language because language is also related to improve learner’s interpersonal relationship. In this study will shows the relation of language use in society along with the emotional study based on the language use.

Mandarin has emerged as a strategically vital global language after English, thus making it essential in the world of education. In this context, the deep learning approach is considered relevant to encourage deep understanding and applicative language skills. This study examines deep learning-based Mandarin language development, focusing on its opportunities and challenges based on relevant 21st century learning theories. Using a qualitative descriptive method through library research, data was collected from various academic sources including books, journal articles, and magazines relevant to the topic. The results show that deep learning can transform the learning process to be more applicative, in line with constructivist theory that emphasizes active and deep learning. Although challenges such as rigid curricula exist, this approach offers opportunities to enhance student engagement and comprehensive language skills. Deep learning has potential to strengthen contextual Mandarin learning, though its success depends on curriculum readiness and technological support.

This study looks at the English sound system from a phonological standpoint, emphasizing successful teaching strategies and the difficulties non-native speakers have pronouncing words correctly.  This study examines the effects of native language interference, identifies particular phonological challenges, and assesses instructional methods for improving pronunciation using qualitative research with fourth-semester English education students.  The results show that although explicit phonetic teaching greatly helps pupils, they still struggle to manage spelling-pronunciation inconsistencies and discern vowel lengths.  By offering insights into phonological learning processes and suggesting evidence-based teaching strategies, the research advances the field of applied linguistics.  Although individual sound distinctions require tailored treatments, the results show that systematic pronunciation education improves student confidence and communicative skills.

The present study aims to identify and analyse idiomatic expressions in the lyrics of "Shake It Off" by Taylor Swift. Idioms are a form of non literal expression which often pose a challenge for English language learners, due to the fact that their literal meanings are not easily discernible. Utilising a descriptive qualitative approach, this research analyses idioms based on Makkai's (1972) classification, which includes six types: phrasal verb idioms, tournure idioms, irreversible binomial idioms, phrasal compound idioms, incorporating verb idioms, and pseudo idioms. The findings indicate that the composition is replete with idiomatic usage, reflecting emotional meanings and social messages implicitly. A total of fourteen idioms were identified, which serve to reinforce Taylor Swift's stylistic language and make the song an effective and contextual medium for the purposes of English language learning. It is anticipated that these findings will contribute to the development of language teaching, particularly with regard to the comprehension of idiomatic meaning within the context of popular culture.

This study analyzes the pragmatic aspects in the subtitle translation of Mean Girls (2004) from English to Indonesian, focusing on speech acts, implicatures, and politeness strategies. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observation and recording of film dialogues, then analyzed based on pragmatic theory. The results show that the functions and intentions of speech acts are generally maintained in the translation, although there is a softening of intensity or nuance to fit the norms of Indonesian politeness. In terms of implicature, there is a shift or loss of implied meaning, especially in expressions of humor, irony, and cultural idioms that are difficult to translate directly. Politeness strategies in the original version that tend to be frontal and explicit are often mitigated in translation to conform to Indonesian communication norms that prioritize social harmony. The findings emphasize the importance of cultural sensitivity and pragmatic context understanding in audiovisual translation to effectively convey the meaning and nuances of intercultural communication.  

This study examines the comparative analysis of civil law systems between Indonesia and Malaysia, which adhere to the Civil Law and Common Law systems, respectively. Indonesia implements the Civil Law system, inherited from Dutch colonial rule and based on the Burgerlijk Wetboek (BW), whereas Malaysia adopts the Common Law system, derived from the English legal tradition. The fundamental difference between these systems lies in their sources of law, where Civil Law prioritizes codification through written statutes, while Common Law relies on jurisprudence and judicial precedents. Additionally, Malaysia employs a mixed legal system, incorporating elements of Customary Law and Islamic Law in specific legal matters. This study further explores the potential for harmonization of civil law between Indonesia and Malaysia through the Private International Law (PIL) framework, which facilitates cross-border dispute resolution based on the lex patriae and lex domicilii principles. By employing a Juridical-Normative methodology and adopting Comparative, Analytical, and Conceptual approaches, this research underscores the significance of understanding legal system differences to enhance legal cooperation between the two nations.

Stunting is a failure to achieve physical development measured by weight for age. The limitation of stunting is height according to age based on Z-score equal to or less than -2SD (Standard Deviation) below the standard average. In 2005 - 2011 Indonesia ranked fifth with the highest prevalence of stunting. The purpose this study was to analyze the factors that influence the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months. This study used a literature review method conducted by searching for relevant journals trough Google Scholar, Garuda, PubMed and DOAJ database. Inclusion criteria for reviewing the content of references in English and Indonesia publish in the last ten years. Research result from various literatures show that research finding from various sources indicate that the factor influencing stunting toddler aged 24-59 months include maternal knowledge, exclusive breastfeeding, and disease history.

Speaking is an essential skill for learners of any foreign language, and English is no exception. However, many English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners experience significant challenges when it comes to speaking skills. This study aims to explore the views of students regarding the difficulties they face in speaking English and to identify potential solutions to these challenges. A case study method was employed, involving twenty-seven university students from Indonesia. The data were collected using questionnaires, which allowed the researchers to gather insights into students' perceptions and experiences with speaking English. The results revealed that the majority of participants, 71.6%, reported facing common difficulties such as the fear of making mistakes, fear of criticism, and general shyness. These emotional barriers significantly hindered their ability to speak confidently in class. Additionally, only 18.5% of the students actively participated in speaking activities during lessons, indicating a lack of engagement in oral communication. A significant number of students (96.3%) felt that they lacked sufficient knowledge of the subject matter, further impeding their ability to speak effectively. Moreover, 81.5% of the students admitted that they preferred to use their mother tongue, which they often spoke during English classes, as it was easier for them. These findings suggest that both emotional and knowledge-related issues play a crucial role in shaping the speaking abilities of EFL learners. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions that address both the emotional barriers and knowledge gaps in order to improve the speaking skills of EFL students.

In the course of its long history, Islam in the archipelago has brought significant transformations in the way religious knowledge is delivered and learned. Literacy in pesantren has evolved from the traditional form of the yellow book to digital formats such as ebooks. In the 16th century, the yellow book emerged in the context of the archipelago as a very important cultural heritage of literacy in the tradition of Islamic scholarship. The yellow book is characterized by the yellowish color of the paper and is often referred to as al-kutub al-qadimah, which means classical or ancient books. Nahwu and Sharaf are two fundamental pillars of Arabic grammar that are essential for mastery of the language. Nahwu focuses on the structure of sentences as well as the function of words in the context of the sentence, while Sharaf studies changes in word forms and the process of derivation. These two disciplines complement each other in building a thorough understanding of the Arabic language. According to an article on Kompasiana, Nahwu and Sharaf materials are very integral in learning Arabic, similar to the role of grammar in English. This research adopts a qualitative approach with a library research method that aims to explore in depth various literatures related to Islamic character building in the digital era. Data collection is done by reviewing secondary sources, including books, scientific journals, academic articles, and documents.

Among the core components of learning a language is the vocabulary, which is necessary to learn English. Unfortunately, a lot of EFL students have trouble mastering vocabulary since it's hard to grasp and remember, they don't have enough exposure to it, they don't use effective learning methodologies, and there isn't enough interesting media. The main goal of this study to measure the effect of ChatGPT as a learning technology on EFL students’ vocabulary mastery. This research employed quantitative research using a quasi-experimental research approach. The study was conducted in class XII of Madrasah Aliyah Darul Ulum Palangka Raya. The sample involved a total of 50 students consist of two classes, with class XII-A in total of 26 students as the experimental group and class XII-B in total of 24 students as control group. The learning module was created by the researcher, who also conducted the treatment and analyzed the results of the pre-test and post-test. The findings indicated that ChatGPT significantly affected students' vocabulary mastery. The statistical results showed a t-value of -4.233 and a p-value of 0.000 (< 0.05), which confirmed that ChatGPT had a significant effect. This suggests that integrating ChatGPT into English learning can enhance students’ engagement, motivation, and independence in mastering vocabulary.