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Survey research is one of the methods often used in social sciences, education, and various other fields to collect data efficiently from large populations. This study aims to describe the concept, steps, types, advantages, and disadvantages of survey research, and provide guidance in selecting representative samples. The method used in this study is a literature review with a descriptive analysis of relevant theories. The results of the study indicate that survey research has the advantage of being able to collect large amounts of data quickly and support statistical analysis. However, this method also has weaknesses such as the risk of sampling bias and limitations in extracting in-depth information. The implications of this study are the need for careful design, including the selection of appropriate sampling techniques and the development of valid instruments, to improve the quality of survey research. This study is expected to provide practical guidance for researchers in designing and implementing effective and ethical survey research.

International trade plays a vital role in driving sustainable global economic growth. Institutions such as the WTO, IMF, and the World Bank contribute to regulating and facilitating fair and efficient global trade. This study examines the role of institutions in international trade and their impact on economic development. Using qualitative methods, the study shows that institutions help reduce trade barriers, enhance economic stability, and encourage sustainable innovation and investment. The results show that institutions play a key role in ensuring trade that contributes positively to global economic growth.

This research analyzes the impact of the European Union's Renewable Energy Directive II (RED II) policy on Indonesia as the world's main palm oil producer. Using a qualitative method, data was obtained from scientific journals, previous studies, books, and media reports. The RED II policy that restricts the use of palm oil in biodiesel in the European Union has a significant impact on Indonesia's CPO industry, such as a decline in exports that affects foreign exchange, GDP contribution, and exchange rate stability. This article also discusses Indonesia's response, including diplomacy and sustainable palm oil promotion strategies, to maintain export stability and meet EU sustainability standards.

This article discusses the meaning of philosophy of science in everyday life and its relevance for individuals and society. Using qualitative research methods with a literature review approach, this research examines various sources that explain how the philosophy of science can be applied in real life contexts. Research shows that philosophy of science is not only an academic discipline, but also serves as a guide in decision making, ethical development, and self-understanding. Through the application of philosophical principles, individuals can make better moral choices, improve critical thinking skills, and build healthier interpersonal relationships. Additionally, this article highlights the importance of awareness of environmental desirability as part of the moral responsibility resulting from philosophical thought. Thus, the philosophy of science plays an important role in shaping human perspectives and actions in the complex modern era.

The mechanism of state debt management is a process involving fiscal and monetary policies to regulate the issuance, use, and repayment of state debt. In its management, the government usually uses instruments such as bonds, bilateral loans, and multilateral loans to finance the budget deficit. State debt can be used to fund infrastructure projects, health, education, and other important sectors, but its management must be careful so as not to burden the economy. One important aspect of debt management is maintaining the debt ratio to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) so that it remains under control. If state debt increases significantly without being balanced by economic growth, it can pose a risk of inflation, a larger budget deficit, and a reduction in market confidence in the government's ability to repay debt. On the other hand, good debt management can encourage economic growth by financing productive projects that increase competitiveness and public welfare. Strict supervision of debt allocation and transparency in the use of funds are essential to avoid misuse and increase the effectiveness of debt management. In addition, the role of international institutions such as the IMF and the World Bank is also crucial in providing technical advice and support for sustainable debt management policies.

The research aims to analyze the form of contract delay in the Civil Code and outline the implications of contract delay due to force conditions in the Covid-19 pandemic. To answer this problem, normative legal research methods or library research are used. This normative type of research uses qualitative analysis, namely by explaining existing data with words or statements sourced from prime legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. Data obtained from the literature will be analyzed deductively. Analysis is a method of analyzing general legal knowledge data obtained from laws and literature and then implemented on the problems raised, so that answers to specific problems are obtained. The results of the research show that the form of contract delay is regulated in articles 1244-1245 of the Civil Code which determines that force majeure can eliminate the element of default in the agreement, as long as the force force actually occurs and prevents one of the parties from carrying out its obligations, the type of contract delay is a contract in banking institution agreements, contracts in certain collateral imposition agreements, and contracts in business agreements. The implications of contract delays due to force majeure conditions in the Covid-19 pandemic where actions occur by not carrying out or delaying carrying out the achievements stated in the contract resulting in default and ultimately civil legal disputes between the parties involved in the contract. Dispute resolution through court or litigation refers to procedural law regarding the requirements under which a dispute or legal action can be submitted and the efforts that can be taken by the parties. as for preferences for conflict resolution (ADR) or non-litigation or preferences for conflict resolution using mediation, arbitration and negotiation methods

Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism which can cause hyperuricemia if levels increase. Hyperuricemia, if left untreated, can cause joint inflammation, pain, and various other health problems. This study aims to evaluate Halu Oleo University students' understanding of gout and its impact on health. Using a quantitative approach and analytical descriptive design, this research involved 50 randomly selected respondents. Examination of uric acid levels is carried out by taking blood samples using the Nesco Multi Check device. The results showed that 70% of respondents had uric acid levels within normal limits, while 30% experienced hyperuricemia, which indicates a potential risk of developing gout. These findings suggest that unbalanced eating patterns, lack of physical activity, and inadequate fluid intake contribute to increased uric acid levels among college students. This research emphasizes the importance of education about healthy eating patterns and an active lifestyle to prevent health problems related to gout.

Penelitian ini membahas peran dana desa dalam pembangunan Desa Cibiru Wetan pada tahun 2021. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini mengumpulkan informasi dari dokumen resmi dan kajian terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dana desa berkontribusi signifikan terhadap peningkatan infrastruktur, pendidikan, kesehatan, dan penyediaan air bersih. Meskipun terdapat kemajuan yang dicapai, tantangan seperti kapasitas pengelolaan yang terbatas masih perlu diatasi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya peningkatan transparansi, akuntabilitas, dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan dana desa untuk memaksimalkan manfaatnya. Dengan melibatkan masyarakat secara aktif, diharapkan dana desa dapat lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan kesejahteraan masyarakat Desa Cibiru Wetan.

The social construction of celebrities in the world of politics has become a phenomenon that attracts attention, especially in relation to educational empowerment and media influence. Celebrity-driven voter campaigns often elicit positive responses from younger audiences, who may previously be less interested in political issues. Thus, collaboration between education and media not only increases political awareness but also encourages active community involvement. This research uses qualitative methods with a literature study approach, analyzing previous research to understand the role of celebrities in influencing involvement in the realm of political society. The research results show that celebrities play an important role in increasing people's political awareness. Education contributes to the political understanding of celebrities, who often use their platforms to spread information about political issues. Media, especially social media, amplifies these messages and allows direct interaction with fans, encouraging political participation, especially among the younger generation. Voter campaigns promoted by celebrities often attract the attention of audiences previously less interested in politics. This research confirms that celebrities are not only entertainment figures, but also agents of social change who have the potential to influence political dynamics through education and the media.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh harga dan fashion lifestyle terhadap keputusan pembelian pakaian branded preloved melalui platform thriftshop online Instagram @BossBadjoe di Palembang. Fenomena thriftshop online semakin populer di kalangan masyarakat, terutama di kalangan generasi muda yang memiliki ketertarikan terhadap produk fashion berkualitas dengan harga yang lebih terjangkau. Harga yang kompetitif dan gaya hidup yang semakin mengarah pada tren fashion memengaruhi keputusan konsumen dalam melakukan pembelian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa harga memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pakaian branded preloved. Begitu pula dengan fashion lifestyle, yang secara signifikan memengaruhi keputusan pembelian konsumen. Kombinasi antara harga yang terjangkau dan gaya hidup fashion yang dinamis mendorong peningkatan minat konsumen dalam melakukan pembelian. Implikasi dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan bagi pengelola thriftshop online dalam merumuskan strategi pemasaran yang lebih efektif, khususnya dalam penentuan harga dan penyajian konten yang menarik sesuai dengan tren fashion terkini.

This study aims to explore the root growth patterns of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivated in a polybag system, and examine the implications for nutrient absorption efficiency and plant survival. The method used was a systematic literature review, with narrative analysis of recent studies in the last five years. Data were analyzed to identify the relationship between root architecture, growing medium, and nutrient absorption efficiency.  The results showed that the polybag system, with its limited root growing space, promoted adaptation of root growth patterns, including an increase in lateral root density and a reduction in primary root length. Coconut fiber- and vermiculite-based growing media were shown to increase nutrient absorption capacity by up to 30%, while inoculation of rhizosphere microorganisms, such as mycorrhiza, increased phosphorus use efficiency by up to 25%. In addition, optimal root zone temperature plays an important role in supporting root metabolic activities.  The conclusion of this study confirms that optimizing root growth patterns through growing media, temperature management, and utilization of microorganisms can significantly increase the productivity of cucumber plants. These findings provide a basis for developing more efficient and sustainable cultivation strategies in modern horticultural systems. 

Organizational structure plays a crucial role in enhancing the operational effectiveness of an organization or company. In the context of a five-star hotel, a clear and appropriate organizational structure helps improve coordination between departments, clarifies employees' roles and responsibilities, and optimizes operational processes. This study aims to determine the extent of the influence of organizational structure on operational effectiveness in five-star hotels. The research method employed is quantitative, using simple linear regression analysis. The findings indicate that organizational structure has a significant impact on the operational effectiveness of hotel employees. Specifically, the organizational structure, along with the work environment and shared motivation, contributes to 73% of the impact on employee performance.

Bioprinting 3D merupakan suatu teknologi transformatif dalam konstruksi rekayasa jaringan dan prototipe organ untuk meniru karakteristik jaringan alami yang digunakan dalam pengobatan regeneratif. Secara bioetika, organ tiruan 3D melibatkan analisis dan evaluasi tentang implikasi moral, sosial, dan hukum dari penggunaan teknologi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah systematic literature review dengan menyajikan gambaran yang komprehensif tentang pengembangan dan pemanfaatan teknologi organ tiruan 3D (bioprinting) dalam perspektif bioetika dan hukum islam. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa bioprinting 3D memiliki pengaplikasian yang sangat beragam, diantaranya dalam bidang medis contohnya model untuk studi penyakit dan uji obat, pengobatan regeneratif, pembentukan organoid dan jaringan khusus, dan masih banyak lagi. Aspek bioetika mengenai bioprinting 3D masih menimbulkan tantangan yang perlu dipertimbangkan. Masalah bioetika seperti sumber atau asal bahan yang digunakan dalam bioprinting masih menjadi permasalahan. Penggunaan sel punca embrionik masih kontroversial, karena melibatkan penghancuran embrio manusia, sehingga menimbulkan pertanyaan moral dan etika mengenai nilai dan kesucian hidup manusia. Dalam perspektif Islam, berdasarkan analisis dari Al-Quran, hadits, dan beberapa fatwa, produksi organ tubuh melalui metode cetak 3D disarankan untuk dikategorikan sebagai perubahan ciptaan Tuhan yang dibolehkan karena tujuannya untuk mengobati dan menyelamatkan nyawa atau khusus untuk penggunaan proses transplantasi organ.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh citra merek dan kualitas produk terhadap minat beli Daviena Skincare di Kota Palembang. Citra merek merupakan persepsi atau keyakinan yang melekat di benak konsumen mengenai produk atau jasa tertentu, yang dibentuk melalui dimensi citra korporat, citra produk, dan citra pemakai. Sementara itu, kualitas produk diukur melalui indikator reliabilitas, daya tahan, dan kesesuaian dengan spesifikasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan 115 responden dengan analisis data melalui IBM SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa citra merek dan kualitas produk memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat beli. Strategi promosi yang dilakukan melalui media sosial, seperti TikTok, serta upaya owner dalam membangun citra merek, termasuk membuka Daviena Aesthetic Clinic, menjadi faktor pendukung dalam meningkatkan minat beli konsumen. Penelitian ini juga mengacu pada berbagai studi terdahulu yang mendukung pentingnya citra merek dan kualitas produk terhadap keputusan pembelian. Temuan ini memberikan implikasi bagi pengembangan strategi pemasaran Daviena Skincare untuk mempertahankan dan meningkatkan minat beli konsumen di masa mendatang. 

Language and semiotics have a close relationship and are interrelated. Language is a system of signs that humans use to communicate, while semiotics is the science that studies signs. Semiotics is a science that studies signs. This paper aims to describe the semiotic studies contained in the lyrics of the albums "Human" and "Monochrome". Apart from that, it also describes the albums "Humans" and Monochrome" as learning material for analyzing poetry texts in class X SMA. This research uses a descriptive approach using a qualitative method. The descriptive approach utilizes data in the form of a deep understanding of the use of semiotic signs in song lyrics, as well as being able to understand the meaning and context in their use. The conclusion of the analysis is as follows: Study of the semiotics of the lyrics of the albums "Manusia" and "Monochrome" by Tulus, that the signifiers found in this research are in the form of song lyrics, in the form of the suffixes a, u, i, ng, ar, am, ang. The signified found in this research is related to social reality, has meaning regarding the value of motivation towards other people, the value of optimism, and the value of love for someone as a whole of the song lyrics. The album "Human" and Monochrome" by Tulus can be used as learning material to analyze poetry texts in class X high school. Learning the semiotics of a collection of song lyrics from Tulus can improve students' ability to understand feelings, imagination, sensitivity and understanding of the characters depicted.

 This study aims to assess the social and economic impact of Pasar Pagi Pangkalpinang on local economic development through a literature review and primary data obtained from interviews with traders and visitors. The market plays an important role as an economic and social hub, providing local employment opportunities as well as contributing to local government revenue through taxes and levies. The findings show that this market significantly increases traders' income and strengthens social cohesion within the community. However, government policies related to market relocation need to be further evaluated to ensure equitable benefits for all stakeholders. This study offers practical recommendations for improving market infrastructure and trader empowerment to promote sustainable local economic development.  

Background: The endocrine system is a network of glands that produces body hormones to regulate various body functions, such as growth, metabolism, regulation reproduction, and homeostasis. This research aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of the endocrine system, the function of the hormones produced, and the impact of their disorders on health. The research was carried out using a literature study method of six relevant national journals published in the last five years. The results of the analysis show that the endocrine system plays an important role in maintaining body balance through feedback mechanisms and interactions with the nervous system. Disorders of glands such as the pancreas, thyroid and adrenals can lead to serious illnesses, including diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism and Cushing's syndrome. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding the endocrine system for the development of early detection and intervention strategies for hormonal disorders. It is hoped that the research results can become a reference for medical personnel and scientists in improving the quality of public health.