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Science continues to advance over time. This development has led to the birth of various new technologies that mark the progress of the times. Currently, technology has entered the digital era, where almost all areas of life are beginning to utilize these advances to increase work efficiency and effectiveness. In Indonesia, digital transformation has also penetrated various sectors, including education. This change presents a significant opportunity for the world of education to expand access, improve the quality of learning, and encourage innovation in teaching methods. As an entity closely linked to human culture and civilization, education has undergone significant changes in the era of globalization. The use of digital technologies, such as online learning, learning management systems (LMS), and interactive media, has become an integral part of the educational process. This not only facilitates the delivery of material but also opens up more flexible and inclusive learning opportunities for various levels of society. However, behind these opportunities, challenges also arise, such as disparities in technology access, low digital literacy in some communities, and the need to adapt curricula and teaching methods to be relevant to current developments. Therefore, the success of educational transformation in the digital era depends not only on the availability of technology but also on the readiness of human resources, including educators and students, to optimize its use. Therefore, the development of digital science and technology has become a driving force for global educational change. Education is required to adapt quickly and accurately to produce a generation that is not only academically intelligent.

Public transportation is a primary necessity for supporting daily activities in Denpasar City. One mode of transport that plays a strategic role is the Trans Sarbagita Bus. As a mass transportation service, this bus system is expected to provide effective, efficient, and affordable mobility. This study aims to analyze: (1) public perception of the effectiveness of the Trans Sarbagita Bus service; (2) the simultaneous effect of accessibility, punctuality, and ticket price on service effectiveness; (3) the partial effect of each of these variables; and (4) the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of the Trans Sarbagita Bus system. A quantitative method with an associative approach was employed. Data were collected from 105 active respondents through observation, interviews, and a five-point Likert scale questionnaire, and analyzed using multiple linear regression via SPSS. The findings show that: (1) public perception is generally positive, especially in terms of comfort and safety, although accessibility and punctuality remain suboptimal; (2) accessibility, punctuality, and ticket price simultaneously have a significant effect on service effectiveness; (3) each of these variables also has a positive and significant partial effect; and (4) strengths lie in low fares and safety, while key weaknesses include limited access and delays. Opportunities stem from policy support and rising public awareness, whereas threats include the dominance of private vehicles and low intermodal integration. It is recommended that the government enhance public transport campaigns through media and community partnerships, as well as expand bus stop access and intermodal connectivity to improve service effectiveness.

Background: Government administration plays a crucial role in delivering public services and implementing policies effectively. However, many developing countries face significant challenges in administrative capacity, bureaucratic efficiency, and service delivery quality. Objective: This study aims to analyze the key factors contributing to administrative weaknesses in government and propose a comprehensive framework for strengthening government administration to improve public service delivery and governance effectiveness. Methods: This research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining literature review, case study analysis, and expert interviews. Data was collected from 150 government officials across three administrative levels (national, regional, and local) and analyzed using thematic analysis and statistical methods. Results: The study identified five critical areas for administrative strengthening: (1) Human resource development and capacity building, (2) Digital transformation and technology integration, (3) Process optimization and bureaucratic reform, (4) Performance management systems, and (5) Citizen engagement mechanisms. Implementation of these components showed significant improvements in service delivery efficiency (p < 0.001) and citizen satisfaction scores (p < 0.01). Conclusion: A comprehensive approach to strengthening government administration requires coordinated efforts across multiple dimensions. The proposed framework provides a roadmap for systematic administrative reform that can enhance governance effectiveness and public service quality.

Aceh is a province with special status in Indonesia that has special authority in the imple- mentation of Islamic law, as stipulated in Law No. 11 of 2006 concerning the Government of Aceh. One form of its implementation is Qanun Aceh No. 6 of 2014 on Jinayat Law, which regulates a number of offences, including maisir (gambling), with penalties in the form of flogging, fines, or im- prisonment. This study aims to examine the application of flogging for gambling offenders in Simeulue Regency, covering the legal basis, implementation procedures, and level of effectiveness. The research questions include: (1) how flogging is applied to gambling offenders; (2) what are the stages of imple- mentation; and (3) to what extent is it effective in reducing violations. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a socio-legal approach. Data was obtained through literature review, field observation, and interviews with Satpol PP and Wilayatul Hisbah officials, the Sharia Court, the pros- ecutor's office, and community leaders. The findings show that the application of flogging punishment has a strong constitutional basis and is in accordance with the principles of Sharia law. The implemen- tation is carried out openly in accordance with criminal procedure law and is supervised by medical personnel. Statistics from the last five years show a decrease in gambling cases from 11 cases in 2020 to 3 cases in mid-2024, reflecting a deterrent effect and an increase in compliance.

White-collar crime poses significant threats to corporate integrity and economic stability, particularly in emerging markets where governance structures may be less developed. This study examines the effectiveness of corporate governance mechanisms in preventing white-collar crime in emerging market contexts. Using a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative analysis of 240 publicly listed companies across five emerging markets and qualitative case study analysis of 25 corporate fraud cases, this research evaluates the relationship between governance mechanisms and crime prevention effectiveness. The study reveals that strong board independence (β = -0.312, p < 0.001), robust internal audit functions (β = -0.267, p < 0.01), and comprehensive compliance programs (β = -0.298, p < 0.001) significantly reduce white-collar crime incidence. Companies with comprehensive governance frameworks show 58% lower fraud rates compared to those with weak governance structures. The research concludes that emerging markets can significantly reduce white-collar crime through strategic implementation of governance mechanisms, particularly emphasizing board independence, internal controls strengthening, and compliance culture development.

This article aims to examine the role of leadership in mass media management through a case study of a private broadcasting institution in Indonesia. The focus of the research is on how leadership styles influence organizational performance, editorial decision-making, and operational effectiveness. A qualitative approach was employed, using in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis on a national private broadcasting institution. The findings reveal that visionary, communicative, and adaptive leadership plays a crucial role in fostering synergy across departments and enhancing responsiveness to the dynamics of the media industry. These results highlight the significance of strategic leadership in maintaining the sustainability and credibility of private broadcasting institutions amid the challenges of digitalization and increasingly competitive markets.

The church's diaconal practice faces a crisis of effectiveness. The dominant model of charitable diakonia (almsgiving) has proven ineffective in addressing the root causes of poverty and structural injustice. Empirical studies show that this failure is often not due to a lack of resources, but rather a failure of strategic management and a narrow theological understanding of diaconal practice itself. This research argues that to respond to poverty effectively, the church requires a dual paradigmatic shift. First, a theological shift in service from charitable diakonia to transformative diakonia, grounded in Liberation Theology and Reformed social justice spirituality. Second, a conceptual shift in "management" from a secular concept to the theological practice of "Transformative Oikonomia", a prophetic stewardship rooted in scripture (Acts 6) and ecumenical frameworks (WCC). Using a qualitative literature review methodology, the author reconstructs a management model for effective and just ministry. In this model, "effectiveness" is redefined and measured not by logistical outputs, but by two theological pillars: (1) Relational Effectiveness, measured by the Theology of Hospitality (Pohl), focusing on the restoration of human dignity; and (2) Structural Effectiveness, measured by tangible contributions to the JPIC (Justice, Peace, and Integrity of Creation) agenda. This study concludes that the Transformative Oikonomia model liberates the church from the "charity trap" and enables a holistic fulfillment of the Missio Dei.

The low interest and engagement of lower-grade primary school students in literature serve as an important introduction to this study. The aim of this Community Service Program (PKM) was to enhance children’s literary abilities through the use of three innovative media: word cards, short story videos, and descriptive texts. The study employed an experimental method with a pretest–posttest control group design and a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach based on Kemmis & McTaggart (1988), carried out among grades I–III students at SD Katolik Roworeke 2, Ende (approximately 25–30 students per class). Results showed a statistically significant improvement in the experimental group compared to the control group, especially in literary element comprehension and literary appreciation. Word cards enriched vocabulary, story videos increased visual appeal and understanding, while descriptive texts trained literacy and imagination skills. The interactive and contextual learning process proved effective in fostering reading interest, teacher creativity, and students’ literacy enthusiasm. In conclusion, this method is recommended for adoption by Indonesian Language and Literature teachers in lower grades. Future research should expand sample size, include diverse literary works, and explore supporting factors influencing method effectiveness.

The low interest and engagement of lower-grade primary school students in literature serve as an important introduction to this study. The aim of this Community Service Program (PKM) was to enhance children’s literary abilities through the use of three innovative media: word cards, short story videos, and descriptive texts. The study employed an experimental method with a pretest–posttest control group design and a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach based on Kemmis & McTaggart (1988), carried out among grades I–III students at SD Katolik Roworeke 2, Ende (approximately 25–30 students per class). Results showed a statistically significant improvement in the experimental group compared to the control group, especially in literary element comprehension and literary appreciation. Word cards enriched vocabulary, story videos increased visual appeal and understanding, while descriptive texts trained literacy and imagination skills. The interactive and contextual learning process proved effective in fostering reading interest, teacher creativity, and students’ literacy enthusiasm. In conclusion, this method is recommended for adoption by Indonesian Language and Literature teachers in lower grades. Future research should expand sample size, include diverse literary works, and explore supporting factors influencing method effectiveness.

Background: Islamic inheritance law represents a critical component of family law systems that extends beyond religious obligations to encompass significant socio-economic implications for asset distribution and intergenerational justice. While Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam have both incorporated Islamic law into their national legal frameworks, their implementation approaches demonstrate fundamental structural and procedural differences that warrant systematic comparative analysis. Objective: This study examines the institutional frameworks and implementation effectiveness of Islamic inheritance law systems in Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam, analyzing how constitutional arrangements and governmental approaches influence the practical application of faraid principles. Methods: This research employs a normative legal methodology utilizing comparative analysis of legal frameworks, institutional structures, and judicial decisions. The study analyzes primary legal sources including constitutional provisions, statutory laws, court decisions, and administrative guidelines from both jurisdictions. Data collection encompassed library research examining fiqh literature, national legislation, official documents, scholarly articles, and religious legal opinions. Theoretical frameworks of legal pluralism (Romano-Gierke), Maqasid al-Shariah, and Hartian legal positivism provide analytical foundations for institutional effectiveness assessment. Results: Malaysia's dual legal system creates jurisdictional tensions between Syariah and civil courts, particularly regarding immovable property administration, resulting in administrative complexity and legal uncertainty that undermines Islamic law effectiveness. Conversely, Brunei's centralized Islamic legal framework demonstrates superior institutional coherence through exclusive Syariah court jurisdiction, enabling direct faraid implementation without inter-court conflicts. The study reveals that approximately RM42 billion in Muslim inheritance remains undistributed in Malaysia due to systematic administrative failures, while Brunei's unified approach achieves greater legal certainty and administrative efficiency. Conclusions: Institutional structures fundamentally determine Islamic inheritance law implementation effectiveness in contemporary Muslim societies. Successful Islamic law implementation requires comprehensive institutional support aligning legal structures with religious objectives rather than mere constitutional recognition. Malaysia's fragmented system inadvertently undermines Islamic law's divine authority through secular intervention, while Brunei's unified approach enhances religious legitimacy and community compliance.

Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) producing tahu bakso face intense market competition and need efficient marketing strategies to maintain competitiveness. This study aims at developing strategy by identifyng criteria and selecting the optimal strategies. The research adopts the 4P marketing mix framework-product, price, place, and promotion-combined with the TOPSIS (Teqnique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method. Five main criteria were identified: product price, retail location, product promotion, customer service quality, and product development. The weighting results show that produc price and customer service quality are the most importan factors, each with a weigh of 0.208. TOPSIS analisys indicates that stategy A8 - improving employee performance through targeted training and development-achieves the highest preference value. Improving employee performance is a strategyc priority, as it directly enhances service quality, customes satisfaction, and overall marketing effectiveness.

The purpose of this study was to determine how effectively the village infrastructure development program was implemented in Tayadun Village, Bokat Sub-district, Buol District. This research uses a qualitative research type. The author used indicators of goal achievement, integration, and adaptation to assess indicators of development effectiveness. The research collected data through interviews, literature study, and observation. Data analysis was conducted by reducing data, presenting data, and making conclusions. The results showed that the effectiveness of the implementation of the Tayadun Village infrastructure development program was quite effective, went well although there were still obstacles faced by the village government, and was carried out on time.  

Sensitivity analysis is an important method in linear programming used to evaluate the impact of parameter changes on optimal solutions in production optimization. This study aims to identify and analyze various sensitivity analysis methods applied in previous studies. Through a systematic literature review approach, the research finds that sensitivity analysis provides valuable insights into solution stability and the effects of parameter changes on optimal outcomes. The findings indicate that this method can support better strategic decision-making in industrial contexts. The results of this research are expected to offer practical recommendations for practitioners to enhance production efficiency and effectiveness.

This qualitative study explores in-depth the perceptions of students at Universitas Negeri Medan (UNIMED) regarding the influence of educational technology (EdTech) on their learning effectiveness. Amidst the global digital transformation, the integration of digital tools in higher education has become a strategic need to improve the quality of learning. This study used an interpretive phenomenological approach, with semi-structured interviews with 18 undergraduate students from various faculties as the primary data collection method. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis to identify patterns and meanings. The results show that EdTech, through the SIPDA platform, improves accessibility of learning resources, schedule flexibility, and collaboration, but is still hampered by limitations in infrastructure, digital literacy, and pedagogical integration. This study provides contextual insights from Indonesia, with practical recommendations to improve the implementation of EdTech at UNIMED and similar institutions.

Plyometric training is a physical training method aimed at improving explosive strength and movement speed, which are crucial in martial arts such as silat. This mini-research aims to analyze the effect of plyometric training on enhancing the quality of kicks in silat, particularly in terms of power, speed, and accuracy. The method used is qualitative, involving a plyometric training program over several weeks applied to individuals learning silat, with performance measurements of kicks taken before and after the intervention. The results show that plyometric training significantly improves lower limb explosive power, coordination, and kicking effectiveness. These findings suggest that plyometrics is an effective training approach and can be integrated into physical development programs, particularly to enhance kicking ability.

This study aims to produce animated video based learning media using the Canva application for class VII students of mts Miftahul Huda Karangsono Ngunut Tulungagung. Development is an effort carried out systematically to produce products toimprove skills and insights. Animated video learning media functions as a tool in the learning process that is intended to convey messages and can prooke students thoughts feelings and desires to learn. Canva is an alternative graphic desaign media that can be used in creating learning materials to create a more interesting and enjoyable learning process. The research uses research and development methods (Research and Development) with the ADDIE model. The subjects of the study were students of class VII MTs Miftahul Huda Karangsono Ngunut Tulungagung. Data collection techniques are feasibility data which includes validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Data analysis techniques include student needs analysis techniques, media feasibility, validity, practicality and media effectiveness. The results of research and development of animated video based learning media using the canva application showed positive result, the media was declared suitable for use. Based on the validity of media experts (80%) and material ezperts (96,1%), the media was also declared practical by teachers with questionnaire and observation results of (90%) and (87,5%). In terms of effectiveness, the media was able to improve student learning outcomes with classical completeness of 83,3% (small scale) and 85,71% (large scale), and received a positive response from students with a percentage of (92,4%) and (86,38%). Thus, the development of animated video based learning media using the canva application has proven to be feasible for use in the learning process. The validation results from media and material experts show a high level of validity, while the reesults of observations and questionnaires show that this media is practical for teachers to use and interesting for students. In addition, the effectiveness of the media is shown through increased student learning outcomes and high positive responses. Therefore, the development of animated video based learning media using the canva application can be an alternative in delivering material, especially in social studies subjects in class VII MTs.   

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of collaborative governance between PDAM Kota Surabaya and PT Sarana Multi Infrastruktur (SMI) in improving drinking water services. The main research question is how this collaborative governance is implemented and what factors influence its effectiveness. Collaborative governance, according to Ansell and Gash's theory, is a joint decision-making process involving public and private sectors to achieve common goals. This approach enables synergy between government and private companies in addressing resource limitations. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study, through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The results show that this collaboration improves the efficiency of clean water distribution, although there are challenges such as differing objectives and resource allocation. Factors such as trust, commitment, and effective communication play a crucial role in the success of the collaboration. The implications of this study highlight the importance of inclusive institutional planning and policy design that supports cross-sector collaboration to strengthen public service provision. This research contributes to the development of the collaborative governance concept in the drinking water supply sector and provides recommendations for government and private sectors to improve the quality of clean water services for the wider community.

The current Indonesian legal system recognizes two paths of judicial review, although this division of authority is constitutionally legal, but in practice it raises serious problems. One of them is the inconsistency of decisions between judicial institutions. For example, there is a Supreme Court decision that cancels Regional Regulations that have previously been studied by the Constitutional Court, causing confusion in the application of the law. This not only weakens the principle of legal certainty, but also raises problems in the effectiveness of the judicial system. This study aims to identify the concept of restructuring the ideal regulatory testing mechanism according to the principle of the state of law and the theory of norm hierarchy and analyze the need for restructuring the regulatory testing mechanism in Indonesia from the perspective of legal certainty, justice, and law enforcement effectiveness. The research method used in this study is normative juridical and uses a legislative approach. The results of the study show.  

This study analyzes the effectiveness of the Republic of Indonesia's Audit Board (BPK) in supervising regional financial management. The aim is to assess the extent to which BPK's supervision has encouraged the creation of good governance in regional financial management while identifying obstacles that hinder its effectiveness. Using qualitative methods and secondary data from existing documents and reports, the results of the study indicate that although BPK has attempted to improve accountability and transparency, there are still a number of significant challenges, including low compliance with recommendations and the influence of external factors. This study concludes with recommendations to strengthen BPK's capacity and improve coordination with related institutions to encourage better regional financial management.

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the main tasks and functions of financial management in the General and Finance Section of the Tanjungpinang City DPRD Secretariat, with a focus on identifying obstacles and formulating strategic solutions to improve the efficiency of financial management. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews, and analysis was carried out based on Edward III's policy implementation theory which emphasizes four key variables: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the main tasks and functions is running quite well, supported by effective internal communication, the availability of human resources, budget, and infrastructure, as well as a bureaucratic structure that still faces challenges, such as minimal technical training and vacancies in functional positions that have an impact on bureaucratic effectiveness. Capacity building and structural arrangements are needed so that financial management can run more optimally, accountably, and in accordance with the principles of good governance.