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This study aims to develop an inquiry-based e-module as a teaching material for ecosystem topics for tenth-grade high school students. The e-module is designed to enhance student engagement in learning and foster critical thinking skills. The research method employed is Research and Development (R&D) using Sugiyono’s development model. Validation was conducted by subject matter experts, language experts, and media experts, yielding results of 86%, 93.33%, and 94.54%, respectively, all categorized as highly feasible. Practicality tests by teachers resulted in a score of 93.75%, while student practicality surveys reached 95.4%, indicating that the e-module is highly suitable for learning. The critical thinking skills test showed an overall student score average of 77.25%, classified as high. This e-module offers several advantages, including ease of access, an engaging design, and interactive content incorporating text, images, videos, and exercises. However, challenges in its implementation include limited technological access in some schools. Overall, the inquiry-based e-module is considered effective and ready for use as an alternative teaching material for ecosystem learning in high schools.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the State Civil Apparatus Information System (SIASN) website in internal ASN management services at the Jambi Animal, Fish and Plant Quarantine Center. This study uses a qualitative research method with a case study approach to analyze the impact of the implementation of the SIASN website on service speed, time efficiency, or obstacles and challenges faced. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of SIASN has succeeded in reducing the time in various ASN administration processes, which previously took several days to only a matter of hours. In addition, this system also increases transparency in employee data management. The main supporting factors for the success of SIASN are the availability of adequate infrastructure and HR competence in operating the system. Overall, this study confirms that SIASN has a significant effect on increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of internal ASN management services.

Contracts and agreements are two different things. This is because a contract is basically one type of agreement. However, not all agreements reach the level of a legally binding and enforceable contract. As the problems that will be discussed in this paper are the terms of the agreement in the Indonesian civil law legal system and the terms of the contract in the English common law legal system. In Indonesia, the validity of a contract consists of four conditions, namely the agreement of those who bind themselves, the ability to make an agreement, a certain matter, and a halal or permissible cause. Meanwhile, in English there are five conditions, namely agreement (offer and acceptance, intention to create legal relations, and genuineness of consent), capacity, consideration, legal purpose, and form of contract. Based on this, the author analyzes the comparison of the validity of an agreement or contract between Indonesia and the English and its implementation. Then for the research method used is the normative legal approach method which places the law as a norm system building. The results of the research obtained are that there are significant differences in the requirements regarding the validity of an agreement or contract between Indonesian law and English law, although each of these requirements also has similarities and differences in its provisions.

This study aims to explore the use of canva digital media in improving achievement and learning skills at the Bintan State Special School (SLB). In the digital era, inclusive education is a priority to provide equal opportunities for students with special needs. Digital media such as interactive learning apps, videos, and other digital aids are used to assist deaf, visually impaired, and students with other special needs in improving their learning abilities. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method, with participatory observation and interviews as data collection techniques. The results of the study show that the use of digital media at SLB Negeri Bintan contributes positively to increasing students' learning motivation and independence. The use of digital aids, such as voice-based applications and interactive videos, makes it easier for students to understand the subject matter, especially those with visual or hearing impairments. Despite challenges such as limited infrastructure and training for teachers, digital media has been shown to significantly improve student academic achievement. This study concludes that digital media has great potential to create a learning environment that is more inclusive, adaptive, and responsive to the needs of students with special needs. Appropriate technology support and increased training for educators will strengthen the implementation of digital media in learning at SLB.  

This study aims to analyze the influence of the use of interactive learning media on students' learning motivation in the subject of Islamic Cultural History (SKI) in class XI Science Madrasah Aliyah 1 Kampar. The background of this research is based on the low learning motivation of students in SKI learning who still uses conventional methods. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (PTK) with a quantitative and qualitative approach. Data was collected through observation, questionnaires, interviews, and formative tests. The results showed that the use of interactive media increased students' learning motivation by 85%, increased students' active involvement in class discussions, and increased the average score of students from 68 to 82. In addition, this study confirms that the use of interactive media contributes to improving students' conceptual understanding and memory of subject matter. The conclusion of this study is that interactive learning media is an effective method to increase students' learning motivation in SKI subjects.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of the contextual learning model in improving student activities and learning outcomes in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subjects at SMKN 1 Seri Kuala Lobam. Contextual learning emphasizes the relevance of the subject matter to students' real lives, allowing them to construct understanding through more meaningful practical experiences. The research method used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation from students and teachers involved in the application of this model. The results showed that contextual learning significantly increased students' activities in group discussions, experiments, and projects, as well as their learning outcomes, both in cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. This learning also helps students develop problem-solving and critical thinking skills that are indispensable in the world of work. Thus, contextual learning has proven to be an effective approach in improving the quality of learning at SMKN 1 Seri Kuala Lobam.

Class II A teachers rarely utilize learning media in the classroom, relying primarily on textbooks. As a result, students often feel bored and disengaged, making the learning process less interactive and ineffective. This research aims to develop a smart board learning media, assess its validity, and evaluate its effectiveness in teaching subject matter, predicates, objects, and information. This study follows a research and development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, which consists of five stages: (1) analysis, (2) design, (3) development, (4) implementation, and (5) evaluation. The research was conducted in Class II A at SDN Sukabumi 2, Probolinggo City. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires distributed to material/content expert validators, media experts, teachers, and students. The results of the product trial indicate that the smart board media received a validity score of 94% from material/content experts and 91% from media experts. These scores fall within the 90–100% range, categorizing the media as highly valid. Field trials further demonstrated its effectiveness, with Class II A teachers rating it at 93% (very effective) and students at 87% (effective). In conclusion, the smart board media serves as an effective teaching aid, enhancing the learning experience for Class II A students at SDN Sukabumi 2. Future research could expand the development of smart board media for broader subject areas, ensuring greater engagement and motivation in the classroom.

Learner Worksheet (LKPD) is one type of teaching media that is used as a guide for students to make it easier for students to understand the subject matter being studied. The learning process at MAN 3 Aceh Timur currently still uses a conventional model and teachers have not conducted learning using interactive teaching media such as LKPD. This study aims to determine the feasibility, response and improvement of concept understanding by developing and applying LKPD in the learning process. This development research method refers to Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, evaluation), the research subject is class X MIA with 14 students as the experimental class and class X IIK with 14 students as the control class and the object of research located at MAN 3 Aceh Timur. The results obtained: 1) the results of the validation of media experts with the category “very feasible” while the results of the validation of material experts with the category “very feasible”, 2) The results of teacher responses in the “very practical” category and the results of student responses in the “very practical” category, 3) N-Gain test conducted in class X MIA (experimental) obtained a result of 0.60 with a percentage of 60% in the “medium” category. The results of this study indicate that the discovery learning-based LKPD learning media developed is feasible to use and can improve students' concept understanding.

Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded: 1) curriculum planning for the full day school program refers to the quality standards of the school's uniqueness. Schools also make learning unit programs and lesson plans (RPP) in accordance with the SKL. The school also makes a work program based on the SKL, 2) Based on the findings of the FDS system curriculum at Yadka Bangil Junior High School, it can be seen that this school seeks to liven up an Islamic atmosphere as part of learning. Student activities at this school begin at 06.45 WIB with morning activities. Duha prayer, Recitation and GLS), opening and apperception, tahfiz (memorization of the Koran) and delivery of subject matter interspersed with the term Zuhur prayer. The activity ended at 15.30 WIB with recitations (reading the Koran) and Asr prayers. The midday and Asr prayers are carried out in congregation in the mosque by teachers and students, Duha prayers are also carried out by students in turns and accompanied by teachers. The clothes of the teachers and employees are adjusted to the rules in Islam plus the rules of etiquette for communicating with the opposite sex. All of these activities are in accordance with the curriculum function created by SMP Yadika Bangil, namely the cultivation of values, mental adjustment and prevention of negative things, 3) The implementation of a full day school program in the formation of children's character can be implemented through discipline applied in habituation, example. , strengthening, and fun learning. By implementing this method, the formation of a good character for children at SMP Yadika Bangil can be achieved.

Fertilizer is an important factor in increasing the growth and yield of chili plants (Capsicum annuum L.). The selection of the right type of fertilizer greatly determines productivity and environmental sustainability in the long term. This study aims to analyze the differences between chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers in chili plant cultivation, including plant growth, yields, and their impact on soil fertility. The method used is a literature review by examining various previous studies that discuss the effectiveness of both types of fertilizers. The results of the analysis show that chemical fertilizers provide faster growth and higher yields in the short term because their nutrients are more easily absorbed by plants. However, excessive use can cause soil degradation, decreased organic matter content, and environmental pollution. In contrast, organic fertilizers work more slowly, but are able to increase soil fertility, improve soil structure, and support the balance of agricultural ecosystems in the long term. The combination of chemical and organic fertilizers has proven to be the best strategy in increasing chili productivity while maintaining soil health. Therefore, balanced fertilization with the right dose is highly recommended to ensure optimal harvest results without damaging the environment.

Analysis of the preliminary research phase as the basis for developing a biology practicum guide based on a scientific approach. The purpose of this study was to describe the initial research stage data obtained as a basis for developing teaching and learning materials based on research results that will be made in the future. The development model applied in this study is the Plomp model, which has reached the initial data investigation stage. Instruments for collecting data include interviews, observations, and questionnaires. The results of the student needs questionnaire revealed that students agreed that it was necessary to develop a practicum guide based on a scientific approach with a percentage of 94.73%. The teaching materials that have been used in learning are less effective so that students are less able to understand the subject matter. So it can be concluded that it is necessary to develop teaching materials for practicum guides based on a scientific approach on the material of the circulatory system and respiratory system in class XI SMAN 15 Pekanbaru.

Students are a group of groups in society who have the opportunity to get higher education with the main task of carrying out educational activities, but students often feel difficulties in academic matters, such as piling up coursework, group work that does not go well, exams that are considered difficult, and final assignments that are not completed, thus affecting students' psychological well-being. Therefore, students can regulate emotions to improve psychological well-being. This study was conducted with the aim of measuring the effect of emotion regulation on psychological well-being in students. The subjects used were 165 UNP students majoring in psychology class of 2021. The method used is quantitative with data analysis using simple regression analysis. The results showed a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05, which means that there is an effect of emotion regulation on psychological well-being in UNP psychology students class of 2021.

This research examines the conflict between Indonesia and Malaysia over the claim to batik as a cultural heritage. Batik, a traditional art form from Indonesia, has long been an important cultural symbol. However, Malaysia’s claim to batik has sparked significant controversy and tension between the two countries. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding cultural heritage disputes in the context of international relations, as they not only involve cultural pride but also economic and diplomatic factors. Using a literature review method, this study analyzes secondary data from books, articles, and scholarly journals to understand the background, developments, and resolutions of this conflict. The key findings highlight Indonesia's successful effort in registering batik as part of UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2009, which provided international recognition and protection for batik. Additionally, the study explores the legal frameworks, including both soft and hard law, that help protect cultural heritage from such claims. The resolution process demonstrates the role of international diplomacy and legal measures in addressing disputes over cultural heritage. The research concludes that while cultural similarities between Indonesia and Malaysia complicate matters, a diplomatic approach supported by international law and UNESCO’s mediation has helped safeguard Indonesia's cultural identity. This study underscores the importance of cooperation in preserving cultural heritage and the essential role of international organizations in managing such conflicts.

Employee productivity is one of the key factors determining the success of an organization. In Islam, good work ethics are not only based on technical competencies and skills but also on moral and spiritual values that improve work quality. The five key elements of Muslim work ethos—sincerity for Allah, honesty in all matters, responsibility toward work and trust, justice in actions, and dedication and professionalism in work—play a significant role in enhancing employee productivity. This article aims to examine the implementation of these five elements of Muslim work ethos across various industry sectors and their impact on employee productivity. Based on literature review, the application of Muslim work ethics has proven to yield significant results in improving productivity, efficiency, and employee satisfaction. This research is expected to contribute to the development of human resource management based on Islamic principles in the workplace.

One alternative to increase plant growth and improve soil quality sustainably is organic fertilizer. Based on previous studies, this study discusses how organic fertilizer affects plant growth and soil quality. The results of the study indicate that organic fertilizer can increase plant growth by providing nutrients gradually and supporting the activity of soil microorganisms responsible for decomposing organic matter. The use of organic fertilizers has also been shown to improve soil structure, increase water retention capacity, and enrich it. However, there are several obstacles when using organic fertilizers, such as longer decomposition times and inconsistent nutrient levels. Therefore, efforts to optimize the use of organic fertilizers must be carried out continuously to increase their capacity to support sustainable agriculture.  

Termination of Employment (TOE) is the termination of an employment relationship due to a matter that results in the expiration of rights and obligations between workers/laborers and employers regulated in Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning employment and secondary legal materials obtained from employment, internet papers and others. The implementation of termination of employment must be in accordance with Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning employment that termination of employment is carried out in several processes, namely deliberation between employees and the Company, if there is an impasse, the last resort is carried out through the court to decide the case. Therefore, the strength of the implementation of labor law is needed through increased supervision, education for the parties, and optimization of the role of labor dispute resolution institutions.

Organic farming is increasingly being looked at as a solution to improve soil quality and produce sustainable agriculture. This study aims to explore the impact of organic farming on soil quality and yields of wet-rice farming in Nias Islands. Based on existing research, organic farming systems are proven to provide great benefits to soil fertility, including by increasing organic matter content, boosting soil microbial activity, and improving soil structure. The use of techniques such as crop rotation, organic fertilizers and mulching have been shown to improve soil quality, increase its ability to store water and reduce erosion. In addition, more diverse and active soil microbes also contribute to more efficient nutrient cycling, reducing dependence on synthetic fertilizers and helping to control pests naturally. While the initial adoption of organic farming may result in lower yields, research shows that in the long run, yields increase as soil quality improves. Organic farming also offers better resilience to climate change, especially in terms of the soil's ability to retain water and reduce the impact of drought. Thus, organic farming in Nias Islands can not only increase agricultural productivity, but also support environmental sustainability. Therefore, the application of organic farming is the right choice to improve food security and preserve nature in Nias Islands

Soil microorganisms have an important role in improving soil health and supporting sustainable organic agriculture. They contribute to the decomposition of organic matter, management of nutrient cycles, control of pathogens, and improvement of soil structure. This research explores the role of microorganisms, such as bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, and actinobacteria, in supporting soil fertility by increasing the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for plants, as well as improving soil quality by increasing water retention capacity and reducing erosion. These microorganisms also act as biocontrol agents that inhibit pathogens, thereby reducing the need for chemical pesticides. However, managing soil microorganisms faces major challenges due to environmentally unfriendly agricultural practices, such as the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. This research emphasizes the importance of implementing sustainable agricultural principles to conserve soil microorganisms and maintain the health of the soil ecosystem as a whole. This study aims to provide insight into the role of soil microorganisms in increasing organic agricultural yields and recommend more effective and environmentally friendly management. These findings are expected to support the development of more productive and sustainable organic agriculture.  

Using organic fertilizer can increase soil fertility, which is crucial for plant growth. Another organic material source that may be utilized as fertilizer is water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). The chemical makeup of water hyacinth was examined in this study, and the results indicated that its organic matter content was 78.47%, its organic carbon content was 21.23%, its total nitrogen content was 0.28%, its total phosphorus content was 0.0011%, and its total potassium content was 0.016%. It has been demonstrated that applying water hyacinth-based liquid organic fertilizer to corn (Zea mays) plants actually affects crop output. Utilizing water hyacinth not only improves soil fertility but also lessens pollutants in the environment caused by overgrowth in waterways. Water hyacinth can therefore be utilized as a sustainable and eco-friendly organic fertilizer option.

This study aims to analyse the role of the Social Studies Teacher Forum in improving pedagogical competence, teacher professionalism, and innovation in Social Studies learning at the UPT SPF SMP Negeri 4 Makassar. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. The research subjects consisted of the principal, the head of the subject teachers’ working group, and four social studies teachers who were also members of the subject teachers’ working group. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, and documentation, with data analysis including data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions/verification. The results showed that the teacher forum contributed to improving teachers’ pedagogical competence through understanding the material, preparing lesson plans, and evaluating learning. However, the effectiveness of the Teacher Forum depends on the active participation of teachers and school support. In addition, the Teacher Forum also plays a role in improving teachers' professional competence, especially in mastering subject matter, utilising technology, and developing continuous professionalism. Nevertheless, the active participation of teachers and school support is essential to maximise the benefits of the Teacher Forum. The Teacher Forum also encourages innovation in social studies learning, but its success is influenced by teacher involvement, school support, and student readiness. Therefore, more concrete efforts are needed to optimise the role of the teacher forum in developing innovative learning strategies.