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Mathematics is one of the main skills taught from elementary school to college, playing a role in developing critical and logical thinking patterns of students. However, many elementary school students have difficulty understanding mathematical concepts, especially spatial figures, due to the lack of supporting learning media. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of using Trimatra (three-dimensional) media in mathematics learning in elementary schools. Trimatra media, such as three-dimensional models of spatial figures, allows students to visualize and understand the characteristics and relationships between spatial figures in a concrete manner. The results of the literature study show that Trimatra media not only increases students' knowledge of mathematical concepts, but also motivates students to be actively involved in learning, increases critical thinking skills, and overall learning outcomes.  

This research aims to optimize the use of interactive flipbooks as a literacy learning media in elementary schools. Interactive flipbook media offers an innovative approach in the learning process, combining engaging visualization, interactivity, and digital accessibility that meets the needs of 21st-century students. The method used in this research is a literature review involving the collection, analysis, and synthesis of various literature related to the use of interactive flipbooks in the context of primary education. The results indicate that interactive flipbooks can enhance reading interest, literacy skills, and student comprehension through a combination of text, images, audio, and animation. This media also allows students to learn independently and collaboratively by utilizing interactive features. In addition, interactive flipbooks have proven effective in supporting thematic and integrative learning, which is often implemented in elementary schools. This study recommends the development of curriculum-based interactive flipbooks, teacher training in their use, and the integration of this media into teaching strategies. With proper optimization, interactive flipbooks can become an innovative solution to improve the literacy quality of elementary school students.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the validity of the design of the development of learning video media with an open-ended approach to improve the learning outcomes of 6th-grade elementary school students in Mlonggo District. This study applies the research and development method, which is commonly known as R&D (Research and Development). Products development uses the ADDIE model which is structured into five stages including (1) analysis, (2) design, (3) development, implementation, and (5) evaluation. Data collection through filling out the validity questionnaire. This data source includes participation from data validators with an analysis process that includes the accumulation of overall scores. Data analysis uses descriptive qualitative tests. The results of this development research are learning video media with an open-ended approach which is stated to be very feasible by media experts with an average of 90%, and material experts with 92%. So, it can be concluded that learning video media with an open-ended approach is valid and feasible to be used to improve student learning outcomes

This research aims to optimize the use of interactive flipbooks as a literacy learning media in elementary schools. Interactive flipbook media offers an innovative approach in the learning process, combining engaging visualization, interactivity, and digital accessibility that meets the needs of 21st-century students. The method used in this research is a literature review involving the collection, analysis, and synthesis of various literature related to the use of interactive flipbooks in the context of primary education. The results indicate that interactive flipbooks can enhance reading interest, literacy skills, and student comprehension through a combination of text, images, audio, and animation. This media also allows students to learn independently and collaboratively by utilizing interactive features. In addition, interactive flipbooks have proven effective in supporting thematic and integrative learning, which is often implemented in elementary schools. This study recommends the development of curriculum-based interactive flipbooks, teacher training in their use, and the integration of this media into teaching strategies. With proper optimization, interactive flipbooks can become an innovative solution to improve the literacy quality of elementary school students.

This research aims to overcome students' difficulties in preparing logical and systematic presentations by implementing project-based learning (PJBL) strategies. The problem faced is the limited ability of students to respond and present information effectively. This research used mixed methods, involving observation, interviews with teachers, as well as pretest and posttest tests on 25 grade 5 elementary school students to evaluate the effectiveness of this strategy. Qualitative data was collected through observation and interviews to understand student responses, while quantitative data was obtained from the results of the pretest and posttest which were compared using the paired t test. The research results show that PJBL is effective in improving students' presentation skills logically and systematically, as well as increasing self-confidence and collaboration skills. Based on these results, it is recommended that teachers consider implementing PJBL with a focus on real experience and collaboration to achieve more optimal learning.

The learning outcomes of Indonesian in understanding reading texts at the elementary school (SD) level are still low. This study aims to explore the challenges of reading comprehension skills in elementary school students, where many students are able to read technically but have difficulty understanding the reading content. This study examines the phenomenon of the gap between technical reading ability and reading content comprehension in elementary school students in Indonesia. Although students are able to read texts fluently, they often have difficulty understanding the meaning and context of more complex readings. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data was collected through observation, in-depth interviews, reading and text comprehension tests, and documentation at SD Negeri Bunter II, Cimanggung District, Sumedang Regency. The results show that this problem is caused by several factors, such as teaching methods that are less interactive and focus on reading techniques without providing comprehension strategies, lack of use of technology in learning, and low motivation of students to read more complex texts. The text comprehension test showed that only 35% of students were able to understand the content of the reading well. These findings emphasize the need to use more varied, creative, and technology-based learning methods to improve students' reading comprehension. This study provides important recommendations for teachers and schools in implementing a more effective approach to improve students' literacy skills

This study aims to determine the effect of using the Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) learning model on the listening skills of fifth-grade students. The research was conducted in classes VB and VC at UPT SDN 015 Sumber Sari, involving a total of 62 students, during the odd semester of the 2024/2025 academic year, specifically in July 2024. The study utilized a Non-Equivalent Control Group Design, involving two classes: VC as the experimental class with 32 students and VB as the control class with 30 students. In the experimental class, learning was conducted using the Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) model, while in the control class, conventional teaching methods were applied. Students' listening skills were assessed through pretests and posttests in audio format, each consisting of 20 questions. The data collected were analyzed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, and hypothesis testing through the SPSS 24 application. The results showed that hypothesis testing using the t-test produced a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating that Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected. These findings suggest a significant effect of applying the Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) learning model on students' listening skills. This improvement was evident from the average posttest scores, with the experimental class achieving an average of 83.48, higher than the control class's average of 71.74. Thus, this study confirms that the use of the Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) model is effective in enhancing the listening skills of fifth-grade elementary school students.  

This study aims to describe the effect of the Project Based Learning model on the ability to write folk tales among fifth-grade elementary school students. The method used is a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design. The subjects of this study were fifth-grade students of SD Negeri 06 Ladang Padi. The sample consisted of two classes: class VA as the experimental group and class VB as the control group. The experimental class implemented the Project Based Learning model, while the control class used a text-based teaching method. The students' ability to write folk tales was measured through a pretest and posttest administered to both groups using the same question, consisting of one item. The statistical data analyzed included normality tests, homogeneity tests, and hypothesis testing, processed using SPSS 23 software. The results showed that the hypothesis test produced a significance value of 0.00 < 0.05, indicating that Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected.The influence of the Project Based Learning model can be seen in the significant improvement in the experimental class. The improvement in students' ability to write folk tales was evidenced by the difference in the average posttest scores between the experimental and control classes. The experimental class achieved an average posttest score of 80.13, while the control class scored 60.12 on average. These findings demonstrate that the implementation of the Project Based Learning model significantly affects the ability to write folk tales among fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 06 Ladang Padi.

This study aims to analyse the interaction between ethno STEM based thematic learning and conventional learning with early mathematical abilities in improving students' numerical literacy. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design. Data collection was carried out through a numerical literacy test. Methods of data analysis using two-way variance analysis using a general linear model univariate analysis. The research subjects were fifth grade elementary school students in Tuban Regency, East Java Province. The sampling technique used a purposive sampling technique, taking into account the homogeneity of students' early mathematical abilities in both classes. Homogeneity is determined by giving pre-tests to students. The research sample consisted of 48 students, which were divided into two classes. The results showed that there was no interaction between conventional and ethno-STEM based thematic learning with the categories of students' initial abilities on students' numerical literacy. However, for each level of students' early mathematical ability, the increase in numerical literacy of students who received learning with an ethno-STEM approach was higher than students who received conventional learning.

Background: Elementary school students have limited knowledge about healthy food, and the benefits of choosing healthy snacks. They do not understand the nutritional value of various types of food or the impact of consuming unhealthy snacks on their health. Students are often exposed to unhealthy snacks around them, such as fast food, snacks and sodas, and other less nutritious snacks.  Objective: This study aims to encourage changes in students' knowledge and consumption attitudes, namely replacing unhealthy snacks with healthy snacks that are beneficial to their health. Method: This study uses a pre-experimental method, with a One Group Pre Post Test design to measure students' initial abilities before and after participating in learning activities. The population of this study was all students of SDN 38 Bora, Palopo City in 2024, totaling 151 students. The sampling method used was the Cluster Random Sampling Technique as a sampling technique, because the population was quite large, and this sampling technique is often used in various studies in the health sector, 21 respondents were obtained. Results: The study showed that the average knowledge before and after was 5.90 while the average attitude before and after was 27.76, the knowledge value p value = 0.000 ≤ 0.05 then H0 was rejected using a 95% confidence level. While the attitude value p value = 0.001 <0.05. Conclusion: there is an influence of the use of Video Learning Media on knowledge and attitudes about healthy snacks for students of SDN 38 Bora, Palopo City.    

The aim of this research is to explore the effectiveness of using Augmented Reality (AR) technology as an innovative medium in learning Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) to increase elementary school students' awareness and understanding of preserving natural resources. This research uses a quasi-experimental research method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research subjects were fifth grade students at an elementary school in Indonesia, who were divided into an experimental group that used AR media and a control group that used conventional learning media. The research results show that the use of AR media significantly increases students' understanding of the concept of preserving natural resources compared to traditional learning methods. In addition, students in the experimental group showed higher levels of learning motivation as well as active participation in class discussions. The implication of this research is that AR technology can be an effective and interesting learning tool in teaching complex environmental topics. The use of AR not only helps students understand concepts visually and interactively, but also motivates them to be more actively involved in efforts to conserve natural resources. The results of this research provide a basis for the development of technology-based learning media that can be applied in various educational contexts, especially to support sustainable education at the elementary school level.

This research aims to increase fourth grade elementary school students’ understanding of the concept of equivalent fractions through peer tutoring. The research was conducted at SDN Ponteh 1, Galis District, Pamekasan Regency, using the Classroom Action Research (PTK) approach which consists of planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The peer tutoring method allows students who are superior in understanding the material to help their friends who are experiencing difficulties. The research result showed that this method was effective in increasing students’ understanding, with 100% of students succeeding in achieving learning mastery in this first cycle. The application of the peer tutoring method makes it easier for students to understand the material because of the simple and relevant delivery from their peers. These findings indicate that the peer tutoring method can be an effective solution in learning mathematics, especially equivalent fraction material at the elementary school level

Cases of bullying in the world of education, especially at the elementary school level, are increasing and becoming a serious concern. This research aims to develop an understanding of bullying in elementary school students through a positive psychology approach, especially in the aspect of emotional intelligence. This study uses an experimental quantitative method with a pre-experimental design and One Group Pre-test–Post-test Design. The sample of this study is 18 MI Miftahul Huda students, who were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The intervention provided involves psychoeducation with lecture and role play methods to improve understanding of bullying, which is measured by emotional intelligence-based knowledge instruments. Data analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon Test with the help of SPSS. The results of the research are expected to contribute to the prevention of bullying in elementary schools by increasing student awareness and empathy.

The MBKM (Free Learning Independent Campus) activity is an activity that is required for every student at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Widya Mandira Catholic University, Kupang, to disseminate new knowledge and gain factual experiences from the place where field activities are carried out, in order to improve the teacher competency of prospective students. Teacher. MBKM activities outside of class are carried out through community service. Community service is carried out through literacy and numeracy learning assistance activities for lower grade elementary school students in Liliba Village RT 39, RW 11, Oebobo District, Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara Province. Learning assistance activities aim to improve literacy and numeracy skills. This community service method uses community service activities in the form of learning support activities for lower grade elementary school students which are participated in by students in grades 1-3. The results of this research show that literacy is going well and there is good development in literacy and numeracy skills.

This study aims to understand the role of character education in the formation of entrepreneurial attitudes in elementary school students. Character education is considered an important foundation for developing entrepreneurial skills, such as independence, creativity, hard work, and the courage to take risks. The method used in this study is descriptive-qualitative through literature studies, analyzing various relevant sources regarding the implementation of entrepreneurship education at the elementary school level. The findings of the study indicate that character education can be effective in forming entrepreneurial attitudes in students if implemented through integration into subjects, personal development activities, extracurricular programs and local content. By consistently applying character values, students can develop self-confidence, responsibility, and innovative mindsets that support them to become entrepreneurs in the future. This study provides recommendations for educators and policy makers to design comprehensive and applicable education programs to instill entrepreneurial character from an early age.

This study examines the effectiveness of the experimental method in improving the learning outcomes and learning motivation of third-grade elementary school students in science subjects. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design, involving an experimental group taught using the experimental method and a control group taught with conventional methods. Data were collected using tests, questionnaires, and observation sheets. The findings reveal that the experimental method significantly enhances both learning outcomes and motivation compared to conventional methods. Statistical analysis using t-tests showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the experimental and control groups in terms of posttest scores and motivation levels. The experimental method proved effective in promoting active student engagement, deeper conceptual understanding, and intrinsic motivation. This method is recommended as a strategy to improve science learning quality in elementary schools.

The use of digital learning media in Social Studies subjects in elementary schools has become an important innovation in improving the quality of learning. Digital media not only enriches the learning experience, but also contributes to improving students' literacy, which includes the ability to seek, analyze and utilize information critically. However, the implementation of these media faces various challenges, such as infrastructure limitations, lack of teacher skills, content compatibility with the curriculum, and digital security issues. This research discusses digital learning media development strategies that include collaboration between educators and technology developers, intensive training for teachers, provision of adequate infrastructure, and content design tailored to the characteristics of elementary school students. Visual-based and interactive digital media is considered effective to improve students' understanding of social studies materials that are often abstract. In addition, the integration of digital learning with conventional methods provides a balanced and contextualized learning experience. By addressing the existing challenges, digital learning media can be an effective tool to strengthen students' literacy and equip them with 21st century skills. This research is expected to contribute to the development of innovative learning practices that are relevant to students' needs in the digital era. 

This research aims to describe the implementation of Christian values ​​in the formation of student character at the Inpres Ngurwalek Elementary School. This research uses qualitative methods by collecting data through observation and in-depth interviews. This research aims to reveal the strategies implemented by schools in integrating Christian values ​​into the curriculum and extracurricular activities. The research results show that the school has made various efforts to instill Christian values ​​in students, such as through thematic learning, religious activities, and character development. However, there are still several challenges that need to be overcome to optimize the implementation process.  

Audio-visual media commonly used in teaching and learning activities in the 21st century. The purpose of this research is to determine how effective audio-visual media is to be applied in elementary schools to improve student learning outcomes in Civics subjects in Elementary Schools. By using qualitative method with a literature study approach. The form of activity carried out is to conduct literature research through collecting data with listening techniques, participatory observation taken from Google Scholar with the keywords "Audio-visual media", "Civics Learning", "Elementary School Students", and "Learning outcomes", and data analysis. The results of the literature study of 12 scientific journals obtained are that audio-visual media is effective to be used in learning and has been proven to improve student learning outcomes.    

This study aims to explore the role of entrepreneurship-based social studies learning in building the independent character of 5th grade elementary school students. Using a qualitative approach, this study examines the impact of implementing entrepreneurial learning in the context of social studies on the development of students' independent attitudes, social skills, and ability to innovate. Data were obtained through literature review and content analysis of various relevant literatures, as well as observation of entrepreneurship learning practices in elementary schools. The results show that entrepreneurship-based social studies learning significantly contributes to improving students' independent character, including the ability to make decisions, manage resources, and innovate in solving problems. In addition, this learning also strengthens students' social skills, such as cooperation, communication and leadership. This research suggests that entrepreneurship-based social studies learning should be further expanded at the primary school level to support better development of students' independent character and prepare them to face future social and economic challenges.