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Customer satisfaction is a central issue in marketing management, as it plays a crucial role in determining customer loyalty amid increasingly intense business competition. A comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing customer satisfaction is essential not only for academics in strengthening marketing theory but also for practitioners in designing effective service and product strategies. This article aims to address two research questions: (1) what are the dominant factors influencing customer satisfaction, and (2) how does customer satisfaction relate to customer loyalty? The study employed a qualitative literature review method. The data consisted of scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025, accessed through Google Scholar and Publish or Perish (PoP) using the keyword “customer satisfaction.” From an initial selection of 30 articles, 27 were identified as relevant, and 5 core articles were further analyzed. The findings reveal three main themes: product and service quality as the dominant determinants of customer satisfaction; price, brand image, and promotion as supporting factors; and customer trust as an important mediating variable in building loyalty. This study concludes that customer satisfaction serves as a strategic link between service quality and customer loyalty. Future research is encouraged to explore the roles of digitalization, customer experience, and sustainability in shaping long-term customer satisfaction.

Modern education focuses not only on sharing knowledge but also plays a crucial role in shaping students' character and ethics. This study explores the role of ethics as the foundation of teacher-student relationships, the moral challenges of the digital age, and character education strategies as solutions. Using literature review and conceptual analysis, the study found that values ​​such as honesty, responsibility, politeness, and mutual respect are key to creating harmonious interactions in the learning environment. On the other hand, technological advances and cultural changes present challenges in the form of decreased empathy and the misuse of social media. Therefore, character education based on teacher role models, collaboration, and humanistic discipline needs to be developed. The study's findings emphasize the importance of balancing digital advancements with moral development in realizing ethical and civilized education. The study also reveals that, despite significant challenges facing educators in the digital age, they can utilize technology to support better character formation through an educational model that emphasizes ethics. The role of families and communities is also crucial in supporting this character education, fostering synergy between all parties in creating a generation with noble character.

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning methods are strategies used by teachers to effectively convey Islamic teachings so that they are easily understood, internalized, and practiced by students. The application of appropriate methods can create a more engaging, active, and meaningful learning process, enabling students not only to acquire knowledge but also to develop Islamic attitudes and personalities. In the context of modern education, PAI learning needs to integrate a variety of approaches, ranging from lectures, discussions, demonstrations, to hands-on, experiential learning. Furthermore, learning environments such as museums, mosques, monuments, and open spaces can be utilized as resources and supporting learning media, even if these places are not specifically designed for teaching and learning activities. Utilizing these environments provides real-life experiences that help students understand Islamic values ​​contextually. Thus, PAI learning methods play a crucial role in realizing a holistic, comprehensive educational process oriented toward the formation of Islamic character.

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of learning media starting from the use of effective learning media, supporting and inhibiting factors in the use of learning media, and the efforts made by schools to increase the effectiveness of the use of learning media at Tritech Informatics Vocational School, Medan. There are some teachers who still lack the ability to use school facilities to develop learning media. Teachers are not effective in utilizing existing learning media, making students less motivated to learn and not effective in designing interesting learning media. Apart from that, the audiovisual learning media that has been provided by the school in the podcast room is very rarely used or used and there are still some teachers who are not effective in using and choosing learning media. This research uses a type of qualitative descriptive research, namely by using a detailed approach to research objects sourced from primary and secondary data. In this study, the research subjects were school principals, teachers and students. The data collection technique used is first observation, then interviews and finally documentation. The instrument in this research uses interviews in the form of guidelines consisting of several questions. The data analysis technique in this research uses source triangulation, technique triangulation, and time triangulation. Based on the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded that the effectiveness of using learning media is going well. Effective use of learning media has been implemented in the procedures for procuring learning media, maintaining learning media and using various learning media. Supporting factors are the completeness of learning media and designing learning media, inhibiting factors are media that depend on electricity which will become an obstacle if the lights go out. Efforts to effectively use learning media at Tritech Informatics Vocational School in Medan are carried out by paying attention to choosing the right use of learning media and effective and efficient management of learning media.

The moral crisis has become a hot topic frequently discussed in various mass media lately. Various forms of moral crisis can be observed among different younger generations, including within the environment of Islamic boarding schools. In recent years, there has been a shift in values and behaviors among teenagers influenced by technology, social media, and cultural changes, leading to a decline in awareness of social ethics and prevailing norms in society. Through a holistic and integrated approach, social ethics education will provide understanding to female students about the importance of values such as empathy, tolerance, social responsibility, equality, and justice. This research aims to explore the concepts of social ethics values, the internalization process of social ethics education values, as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors of internalizing social ethics education values in the Al-Qur’an Specialized Boarding School of Kalibeber Wonosobo. The research method employed is qualitative to gain in-depth understanding. The findings indicate that the concept of internalizing social ethics education values for female students is a key factor in shaping noble character. The social ethics of female students in the Al-Qur’an Specialized Boarding School of Kalibeber Wonosobo is deemed positive based on their daily habits, and they have successfully addressed several issues through implemented programs, ensuring that the process of internalizing social ethics education values progresses as expected.

Learning is dynamic process following development of society over time. Learning any material, including Islamic religious learning, is required to meet the demands of society. So that Islamic religious learning continues to run well in this digital era, a good strategy is needed. This article is the result of meta-analysis research which analyzed several articles in the last five years. This research maps Islamic learning strategies in the digital era. Apart from that, this research also maps the reasons why this strategy has become a mainstay strategy according to the authors of the articles analyzed. Based on the research results, it can be mapped that the strategies presented in these articles are blended learning, participatory and social media-based learning strategies. Furthermore, it was also found that to support strategies that are directly related to learning, there needs to be supporting strategies that must be implemented. These supporting strategies are increasing human resources, developing an integrated curriculum, optimizing digital libraries, improving the quality of education, and digital media literacy. In general, the reason of the article authors presents this strategy is to make learning about Islam more interesting and attractive to the generation in this digital era.

This research has the following objectives: 1) To find out about the concept of using PAI learning animation media as material about the beauty of togetherness in congregation in an effort to improve the spiritual quality of class VII students at Pelita Al-Qur'an Middle School; 2) To find out the implementation of learning material about the beauty of togetherness in congregation through the use of animation media as an effort to improve the spiritual quality of class VII students at Pelita Al-Qur'an Middle School, Wonosobo; 3) To determine the inhibiting and supporting factors in the use of PAI animation learning media in delivering beautiful material together with the congregation of class VII students at Pelita Al-Qur'an Middle School, Wonosobo.This research uses a qualitative field approach. The data sources used came from the principal of Pelita Al-Qur'an Middle School, PAI teachers and students. Data obtained using observation, interview and documentation techniques. Data analysis was carried out using data reduction, display and drawing conclusions.The results of this research show that: 1) The concept of using animated learning media refers to the character of students which is aimed at increasing their religious level, curiosity, respect for achievement, friendly or communicative, likes to read, independent, disciplined and responsible. 2) Implementation of learning with animation media in terms of material content using a forward flow, in terms of time allocation using animation media in collaboration with other media, in terms of types of animation media used, including material videos, practice videos, material song videos and story videos. exemplary story. 3) The supporting factors for implementing this media in general are that it is more interesting so that students' motivation, understanding of the material and spiritual level can easily increase, while the obstacles are the lack of infrastructure, power outages and noisy environmental conditions because they are close to the main road.

Education as a role holder in the development process both institutionally, educational materials, teachers as implementers of learning, methods, facilities, and so on from all aspects and supporting factors of the educational process, must be able to look carefully and be able to build a new paradigm in the form of education in the global era which is full of challenges, so that it can provide new space for several opportunities that can provide new perspectives and contribute to the development of the global world. Research on Challenges and Opportunities for Islamic Education in the Global Village Era aims to identify challenges and opportunities for Islamic education in the global world and provide solutions to improve understanding and appreciation of Islam. Research on Challenges and Opportunities for Islamic Education in the Global Village Era can be carried out using a qualitative approach with research methods. bibliography and descriptive. In its development, the global village has had positive and negative impacts on human life. The impact it creates is in line with the process of transforming information that can be accessed more quickly in various parts of the world as the globalization of the world has changed the pattern of life in various aspects and sides. The phenomenon that was awakened by the emergence of the global village era has provided various kinds of problems, both about how information that continues to grow indiscriminately can be absorbed or how to respond to new things that always come and go without any filters to filter them. The era of the global village with its development of information technology can increasingly be felt, with the media in the form of computers, televisions, cellphones and other sophisticated equipment, which have truly become complex things in the transformation of information.

Summary Persuasive communication skills are very important for teachers. This research proposes a convincing communication model for learning fardhu prayer practice material in early childhood. This type of research is a case study using a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews and documentation. Technical Data analysis uses the Spradiley model by conducting domain analysis. The results of the research show that the persuasive communication model is very useful for teachers in learning material on the practice of fadhu prayers for early childhood. To support persuasive communication, teachers need to master the material on fardu prayers according to Tarzi Muhammadiyah, an interesting learning strategy,supporting learning conditions, and supporting keys. Through this research, information was also obtained that audio-visual learning media that applies fardu prayer practices according to the Sunnah is needed to support the persuasive communication model implemented by teachers.