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This study aims to examine Ibn Khaldun’s concept of character education and its relevance in shaping the personality of Generation Z in the digital era. The background of this research stems from the growing moral and social challenges faced by young people due to rapid technological advancement and the influence of globalization. This research employs a qualitative method using a library research approach by analyzing Ibn Khaldun’s works and related literature on Islamic character education. The findings reveal that Ibn Khaldun’s perspective on character education emphasizes the balance between ‘ilm (knowledge), adab (morality and ethics), and ‘ashabiyyah (social solidarity) as the foundation for forming a civilized individual. These values are highly relevant to be applied in modern education through teacher role modeling, habituation of positive behavior, and the integration of moral values into the curriculum. The implication of this study highlights that internalizing Ibn Khaldun’s principles of character education can serve as an effective strategy to develop a knowledgeable, ethical, and resilient generation capable of facing contemporary challenges.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of public relations management in building school-community relations at SDN 1 Mangli. The research highlights the importance of community involvement as a strategic partner in improving the quality of basic education. The theoretical framework is based on the Excellence Theory, community participation theory, and two-way symmetrical communication relevant to the school’s public relations role. The study employs a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving the principal, teachers, school committee, and parents through interviews, observations, and documentation. Data were analyzed using the Miles & Huberman interactive model.The findings indicate that SDN 1 Mangli has implemented public relations management strategically—not only administratively—but also as a means to foster communication, enhance community participation, and strengthen the school’s positive image. However, challenges remain, including the dominance of one-way communication, limited use of digital media, and the absence of measurable evaluation indicators. This research reveals that elementary schools can adopt modern public relations principles. The study implies the need to strengthen two-way symmetrical communication, optimize digital media utilization, and develop measurable evaluation indicators for school public relations programs.

School-Owned Enterprises (BUMES) and the public relations division of the madrasah play a strategic role in supporting institutional development through systematic and sustainable program planning and implementation. BUMES functions not only as the school’s entrepreneurship unit but also as a bridge for collaboration with external institutions, including universities, government agencies, and international partners. During specific periods, particularly toward the end of the academic year, the intensity of cooperation increases, marked by the execution of several strategic programs. In addition to routine activities such as internships at BBDB, BUMES and the public relations division also initiate innovative programs, including a student exchange program to Thailand. This initiative aims to expand global networking, strengthen student competitiveness, and provide cross-cultural learning experiences. All programs are designed through organized planning processes from the beginning of the semester, taking into account relevance, sustainability, and implementation efficiency. This ensures that each activity aligns with the vision and needs of the madrasah while maximizing benefits for students and the institution. The implementation of these programs demonstrates that the synergy between BUMES and the public relations division significantly enhances educational service quality, strengthens institutional image, and supports comprehensive improvement in school performance.

This study examines the crisis in teacher quality in the disruption era, caused by weak recruitment and selection systems that remain administrative, subjective, and lack transparency. The research aims to analyze the need for transforming recruitment and selection strategies toward a competency- and technology-based model as a solution to improve educational quality. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study at MTs YPI Darul Huda Belitang OKU Timur. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed descriptively using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. Data validity was tested through source and technique triangulation. The findings reveal that implementing competency- and technology-based recruitment systems, such as e-recruitment and online assessment, enhances objectivity, transparency, and efficiency in the selection process. This transformation strengthens teacher professionalism and improves the quality of educational institutions to become more adaptive to the challenges of the digital era.

This research stems from the urgency of the role of public relations in Islamic educational institutions, particularly madrasas, which is increasingly complex and strategic in the current digital and information era. Public relations is not only tasked with disseminating information but also with building an image, maintaining public trust, and managing effective communication between the madrasa and various stakeholders such as students, parents, teachers, and the wider community. This study aims to identify and analyze the application of ethics and professionalism in public relations at SMP Plus Darus Sholah in Jember and its impact on the institution's image and public trust. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. The findings indicate that the application of Islamic ethical values—such as shiddiq (honesty), amanah (trustworthiness), and tabligh (transparency)—in public relations practices significantly enhances the madrasa's credibility and public trust. Additionally, the professionalism of public relations officers, characterized by structured communication planning and interpersonal ethics, plays a crucial role in building a positive institutional image. However, challenges such as a lack of formal training and understanding of ethical standards remain. The implications of this study highlight the need for policy recommendations to enhance the capacity and integrity of public relations personnel in Islamic educational institutions to support their role as the forefront of institutional communication.

The rapid advancement of digital technology, the increasing demand for educational quality, and the adoption of sustainability principles have significantly reshaped institutional management in modern education systems. Within this context, benchmarking and digital innovation emerge as crucial strategies to enhance governance effectiveness, strengthen institutional competitiveness, and foster sustainable educational transformation. This study systematically reviews recent research published between 2023 and 2025 to identify emerging trends in educational innovation, institutional governance, and sustainability strategies. Using a systematic literature review approach, relevant articles were retrieved from Google Scholar and Publish or Perish with keywords such Educational Benchmarking, Quality Management, Institutional Innovation, Adaptive Learning, Digital Transformation. Out of 35 articles identified, seven were selected for in-depth analysis based on thematic relevance and validity. The findings highlight five dominant themes: fundamental concepts of benchmarking in education, benchmarking as a strategy for quality improvement, benchmarking and institutional competitiveness, implementation challenges, and practical implications with future research directions. The synthesis suggests that the effectiveness of benchmarking depends on the synergy between leadership transformation, knowledge management, and digital benchmarking systems. This study concludes by recommending further exploration of benchmarking integration with green education and data-driven governance as a strategic pathway to advance sustainable education in the future.

The role of Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School's policy in instilling an attitude of tasamuh (tolerance) among students amidst the challenges of the digital era is the subject of this research. In addition to offering many conveniences, the digital era has also become a tool for spreading exclusive ideologies, hoaxes, and hatred that threaten tolerance. As an Islamic educational institution, Islamic boarding schools have a responsibility to protect their students. This research collected data through in-depth interviews with Islamic boarding school leaders, ustadz, and students, as well as observation activities and analysis of policy documents (qanun). A qualitative approach, case study method, was used. The results of the study show that Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School implements three levels of policy: (1) Curricular Policy that focuses on the study of moderate yellow books (fiqh muqaranah and tasawuf) as the theological basis of tasamuh; (2) Student Policy that encourages discussion and interaction (such as bahtsul masail) with strict sanctions for bullying; and (3) Digital Adaptive Policy that establishes strict regulations on the use of gadgets and the "Ngaji Cyber-Akhlaq" program.

This study aims to describe the implementation of an active learning model based on collaboration to improve students’ conceptual understanding in Islamic Religious Education (PAI). The background of this research stems from the low level of student engagement in the learning process, which has resulted in less optimal understanding of religious concepts. The research employed a qualitative approach with a classroom action research (CAR) design conducted in two cycles. The subjects were eleventh-grade students at a senior high school in City X. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and conceptual understanding tests. The findings revealed that the implementation of the collaborative active learning model increased students’ participation in learning activities, fostered critical thinking skills, and enhanced their conceptual understanding of Islamic Education materials. Through group discussions, problem-solving activities, and reflection sessions, students became more cognitively and affectively engaged in the learning process. Therefore, the collaborative active learning model can serve as an effective alternative strategy to improve both the process and outcomes of Islamic Religious Education learning.

Conflict is an inseparable part of social interaction within organizational and educational life. When not properly managed, conflict can disrupt institutional stability and effectiveness. Therefore, understanding the definition of conflict and its management strategies is crucial for both academics and practitioners. This study aims to review recent literature on the definition of conflict and conflict management strategies in educational and organizational contexts, guided by two research questions: (1) how is conflict defined in the literature from 2020 to 2025, and (2) what conflict management strategies are most commonly applied across various contexts. The method used is a literature review, with data collected through Google Scholar and the Publish or Perish application using the keyword “definition of conflict.” From a total of 20 identified articles, 18 were selected through a screening process based on recency, open access, and topic relevance. The findings indicate that the definition of conflict is contextual and multidimensional, while the management strategies generally include communication, negotiation, and institutional policy.

This study examines the influence of Islamic education policy on the development of students' religious character at MAS Laboratory IAIN SU Medan. The background of this study lies in the importance of Islamic educational institutions in shaping not only students' intellectual capacity but also their spiritual and moral identity. The study also examines how educational policies relate to curriculum, learning processes, institutional culture, and teacher roles contr To get data from teachers, students, and school administrators, a qualitative descriptive approach was used, which included observations, interviews, and documentation. The results show that students' development of religious character is significantly impacted by the adoption of Islamic education policies. Key elements that support students' faith, self-discipline, and moral principles include teacher modeling, consistent religious practices in school activities, and integrated learning between religious and general courses. Nevertheless, issues like uneven policy implementation and low teacher proficiency continue to impede the best possible results. According to the study, maintaining and enhancing kids' religious character formation in Islamic educational contexts requires professional teacher development, continuous policy execution, and close community, parent, and school involvement.

This study examines the transformation of Islamic education in the digital era, focusing on issues, challenges, and opportunities. The development of digital technology has brought significant changes in Islamic learning, including curriculum innovation, teacher competence, digital literacy, and the ethical use of technology. Using a qualitative literature review method, this article analyzes primary and secondary data from national and international journals to present a comprehensive discussion. The findings highlight that while digital transformation provides opportunities for broader access to knowledge, it also raises concerns about the digital divide, the role of teachers, and the maintenance of Islamic values. Furthermore, the increasing reliance on digital tools in education has intensified the need for teachers to adapt to new technologies and methodologies. The study concludes that strengthening digital literacy, professional teacher training, and appropriate policy support are crucial for optimizing Islamic education in the digital age. The findings stress the importance of balancing technological integration with the preservation of traditional Islamic values in educational practices.

Conflict is an inevitable phenomenon in organizational dynamics, whether in the education sector, social sector, or wider society. Conflicts that are not managed properly can lead to disintegration, but if handled appropriately, they can become a means of learning and innovation. This literature review aims to identify sources of conflict, resolution strategies used, and their impact on organizational performance. The research questions asked are: (1) What are the main factors causing conflict in educational and social organizations? (2) What are the most effective conflict resolution strategies according to the context? This research method uses a literature review approach by searching articles through Google Scholar and Publish or Perish (PoP) using the keywords “sources AND levels of conflict.” A total of 20 articles were selected from the period 2021–2025, with a final result of five valid articles that were analyzed thematically. The review results show three main themes: (1) sources of conflict include differences in vision, interests, and resource distribution; (2) conflict resolution strategies vary, ranging from mediation, negotiation, to religious and cultural-based approaches; (3) the impact of conflict is ambivalent, it can decrease performance but also encourage positive change.The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of contextual conflict management and opens up opportunities for further research to develop more adaptive resolution models based on local values.

This study highlights the crucial role of learning interest as a key determinant of success in the educational process. The research was conducted through interviews with teachers and direct observations in the learning environment, aiming to explore how various factors influence students’ interest, particularly in religious education. The findings indicate that teachers play an essential role by adopting creative approaches in their teaching methods. For instance, the integration of digital tools, such as instructional videos, was found to be highly effective in capturing students’ attention and enhancing their engagement during lessons. Furthermore, parental support emerged as a significant factor, as parents act as the first educators at home by instilling fundamental religious values and attitudes that shape students’ motivation. The results also suggest that a positive classroom atmosphere, where students feel appreciated and supported by their teachers, contributes to higher levels of interest and participation in religious studies. In addition, the study emphasizes the importance of differentiated instruction, where tasks are adjusted to match students’ abilities and learning needs. By connecting lesson materials with real-life experiences, teachers can further foster students’ intrinsic motivation, making learning more meaningful and relevant. Overall, the research demonstrates that cultivating interest in learning requires collaboration between teachers, parents, and supportive learning environments.

This study aims to analyze the forms of conflicts that arise within the educational environment and their implications for educational management. The research employs a quantitative approach based on library research by reviewing relevant journal articles published between 2020 and 2025 that address value conflicts, educational policies, and inter-stakeholder interests. The results indicate that value conflicts are often influenced by cultural differences, parenting styles, technological developments, and friction between traditional and modern values in schools. Policy conflicts emerge when national policies are not aligned with the readiness of facilities, teachers’ competencies, and school contexts. Meanwhile, conflicts of interest occur due to differing priorities among teachers, school principals, parents, and the government. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing adaptive and collaborative management strategies. This article provides an overview of an ideal educational management model to address conflicts and identify opportunities for improvement in the future.  

Quality control is a crucial aspect in various fields, such as education, the food industry, and manufacturing, as it functions to maintain the consistency of service or product quality. Inaccuracy in managing quality can cause financial losses, damage an institution's reputation, and reduce stakeholder trust. Based on this urgency, this study reviews recent literature to answer the main question of how quality control strategies can be effectively applied in diverse organizations. The review was conducted through a qualitative literature review approach by exploring scientific publications via Google Scholar and the Publish or Perish (PoP) application. Article selection was based on the relevance of keywords related to quality control and was limited to publications from 2020–2025. Out of 24 articles found, filtering was done until 5 of the most relevant articles remained for in-depth analysis. The analysis reveals three main findings. In higher education, a strong internal quality system and a sustainable quality culture are needed. The food industry emphasizes the standardization of raw materials and optimization of production processes. Meanwhile, the manufacturing sector makes extensive use of statistical techniques and tiered inspections. Overall, the effectiveness of quality control requires a combination of technical, managerial, and organizational culture aspects. Future research is recommended to explore the integration of digital technology and sustainability principles in quality control practices.

Learning outcomes refer to the abilities that students possess after undergoing learning experiences, including their understanding and knowledge. This study examines the improvement of learning outcomes in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) by implementing differentiated instruction on the topic of Faith in the Messengers of Allah in Grade IV of SD Negeri 8 Limboto Barat, Gorontalo Regency. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR). Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation using research instruments such as teacher activity observation sheets, student activity observation sheets, tests, and student learning outcome sheets. The data analysis technique followed the procedures of classroom action research, employing both descriptive and quantitative analysis. The results of this study show that the implementation of differentiated instruction improved students' learning outcomes in the PAI subject on the topic of Faith in the Messengers of Allah. This improvement can be seen in the increase in teacher activity, which rose from 69% in Cycle I to 100% in Cycle II. Similarly, student learning activity increased from 56% in Cycle I to 83% in Cycle II. Student learning outcomes in PAI also improved significantly. In the pre-cycle phase, only 8 out of 20 students (40%) achieved mastery. This increased to 14 students (70%) in Cycle I with an average mastery score of 78.00, and further improved in Cycle II, with 19 students (95%) achieving mastery and an average score of 85.00.

This study aims to explain the management of Full Day School in shaping the character of students at SD IT Nurul Fikri Sidoarjo. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results show that Full Day School management is implemented through three main stages: planning, implementation, and evaluation. In the planning stage, the school formulates visions, missions, and goals focused on developing students' character values. Organization is carried out by clearly assigning duties and authorities to the principal, teachers, and educational staff so that each party can perform their roles in a directed and coordinated manner. Implementation involves integrating character values into learning activities, religious practices, extracurricular programs, and teacher role modeling. Evaluation is conducted regularly through work meetings to review achievements and identify challenges. Supporting programs for character development include habituation of worship such as congregational prayers and tahfidz, social activities, extracurricular programs, and Character Building Life Skills (CBLS), which instill values of independence, leadership, and responsibility. These activities are designed not only to support students’ daily routines but also to instill moral values applicable in daily life. The active role of teachers, staff, and the school environment significantly contributes to the program’s effectiveness, creating an educational system that balances academic aspects with consistent character development.

Service excellence has become a strategic issue in modern educational management because it is directly related to service quality, customer satisfaction, and the image of educational institutions. In the context of global competition and demands for public transparency, educational institutions are required to provide services that are effective, efficient, and oriented to the needs of students and the community. This study aims to systematically examine how the concept of service excellence is implemented in educational institutions and its impact on customer satisfaction. The method used was a systematic literature review, searching articles in national databases such as Google Scholar, Garuda, and campus journal portals using the keywords "service excellence," "service excellence," "education," and "customer satisfaction." Of the 20 articles found, seven met the analysis criteria. The results of the study revealed three main themes: improving the professionalism of educational staff, implementing the TQM concept in service, and strengthening a customer-oriented service culture. This literature synthesis concluded that service excellence significantly increases customer satisfaction and loyalty in educational institutions. Future research should focus on an integrative model of digital-based service excellence in educational institutions.  

Quality culture in educational institutions has become a strategic issue to improve learning service quality and school accountability. However, its implementation still faces challenges such as limited human resources, resistance to change, and weak sustainable quality management strategies. This study aims to answer the question: how are the implementation strategies and supporting factors in strengthening quality culture within educational institutions based on previous research findings? This study employs a Literature Review (LR) method by collecting scientific articles from Google Scholar and Publish or Perish (PoP) using the keyword “budaya mutu” (quality culture) with a publication range from 2020 to 2025. From a total of 30 identified articles, a screening and eligibility process was conducted, resulting in 5 main articles analyzed thematically. The synthesis reveals three key themes: (1) the role of leadership and Total Quality Management (TQM) in reinforcing quality culture, (2) the application of the PPEPP/MBBS cycle for sustainable educational quality, and (3) supporting factors and challenges in developing a culture of quality. In conclusion, strengthening quality culture requires effective leadership, systematic management strategies, and cross-sector collaboration; future research is encouraged to develop field-based intervention models to test the effectiveness of quality culture strategies.

Conflict is a universal phenomenon that emerges in various aspects of life, ranging from education, social interactions, and law to ecological systems. Its complex dynamics require a deeper understanding of both the underlying sources and levels of conflict to enable constructive management. This study aims to systematically review the literature on conflict with a focus on two key aspects: *sources of conflict* and *levels of conflict*. The method employed is a literature review by searching articles through Google Scholar and Publish or Perish (PoP) using the keywords “sources of conflict” and “levels of conflict.” From an initial pool of 30 articles, screening was conducted based on relevance, recency (2019–2025), and open access availability. The final selection yielded 7 articles for in-depth analysis. The findings indicate that sources of conflict include internal factors (psychological, values, communication), external factors (ecological, socio-cultural), and structural dimensions (legal, political). Levels of conflict were identified at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, and structural levels. This review highlights that conflict is a multidisciplinary phenomenon requiring integrative examination. The implications suggest the need for developing a cross-disciplinary conceptual framework to understand conflict comprehensively and to provide a stronger basis for more effective resolution strategies.