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It is about the importance of leadership of the madrasah headmaster in developing religious culture at the MA Nurul Huda al. This leadership aims to develop the existing of religious culture in the madrasah environment.The objectives of this study are 1) Describing the leadership of the madrasah headmaster in developing religious culture 2) Describing the supporting and inhibiting factors of the headmaster's leadership in developing a religious culture 3) Describing the results of the development of religious culture through the leadership of the head of madrasah.This study is a field research, which is conducted directly with the object of research and the data collection is carried out in the field. With this descriptive qualitative research, the researcher tries to reveal the implementation of the leadership of the madrasah headmaster in developing a religious culture in MA Nurul Huda al-Banat Situbondo. The result of this study is the leadership of the madrasah headmaster in developing religious culture in madrasah is to carry out the leadership role of the headmaster, namely as an educator, manager, administrator, supervisor, leader, innovator, and motivator. The supporting factors are the existence of facilities and infrastructure that support religious activities and the existence of teachers who have deep religious knowledge. The inhibiting factor is that the environment still considers madrasah to be less prestigious than public schools in general, a lack of understanding of the development of religious culture, the lack of role models given by teachers, the influence of technological culture, and the absence of training given by the head of madrasah to teachers in the implementation of religious culture.

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays an important role in the formation of students' character and understanding of religious teachings. However, in practice, not a few students face difficulties in understanding PAI material, both in terms of cognitiveness and affective. These difficulties can be caused by a variety of factors, such as differences in academic ability, lack of motivation, or socio-cultural problems. Therefore, the right strategy from PAI teachers in overcoming learning difficulties is very necessary. This article aims to identify various strategies that PAI teachers can apply to help students overcome learning difficulties. Based on a literature review, there are several approaches that have proven to be effective, including the use of varied learning methods, the use of educational technology, the provision of intensive guidance, and the strengthening of student motivation and character. In addition, the importance of constructive evaluation and feedback in the learning process is also one of the keys in improving the effectiveness of PAI learning. By implementing these strategies, it is hoped that the learning difficulties faced by students can be overcome, and the quality of PAI learning can be improved.

This study aims to analyse the implementation of character education management in fostering students' morals at MIS Nurul Iman Gebang. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that: (1) Planning involves the formulation of lesson plans and educational programs that include goals, policies, methods, and directed procedures; (2) Organising is done through the division of tasks and time, as well as the placement of educators according to expertise to ensure output according to the institution's goals; and (3) Implementation includes habituation of religious values, strengthening of commendable behaviour, and practical activities that support the formation of noble morals. (4) Evaluation is done by supervising implementation in the classroom, providing feedback to educators, and interviewing student guardians to ensure conformity with the institution's goals. This study confirms the importance of character education management in shaping students' good morals through collaboration between institutions, educators and families.

This article discusses contact with nature as a medium to minimize mild stress. At a mild level, stress can actually increase the enthusiasm for life in fighting challenges, but if stress increases to a more severe level, it can cause nervous tension, and have an impact on suffering not only physically, but also our soul (mind). The aim of this research is to increase awareness of the importance of contact with nature for mental health. This research uses qualitative research methods, including in the library research category, so in the process of collecting data, the author collects data in the form of information through literature. The results of this research are that contact with nature can minimize mild stress for some people. Activities in nature, such as mountain climbing, camping, or simply walking in the forest, are believed to have therapeutic effects that can improve mental well-being. Nature can have a positive impact on health and well-being. One application can be implemented is through natural schools, nature-based schools which aim to restore essential human values ​​that are one with nature. In nature schools, students are free to interact with the outdoors. Students look cheerful and enjoy learning without any pressure and school does not become a boring prison. This is the most important thing, so that children do not get stressed and bored easily.  

This article discusses the meaning of philosophy of science in everyday life and its relevance for individuals and society. Using qualitative research methods with a literature review approach, this research examines various sources that explain how the philosophy of science can be applied in real life contexts. Research shows that philosophy of science is not only an academic discipline, but also serves as a guide in decision making, ethical development, and self-understanding. Through the application of philosophical principles, individuals can make better moral choices, improve critical thinking skills, and build healthier interpersonal relationships. Additionally, this article highlights the importance of awareness of environmental desirability as part of the moral responsibility resulting from philosophical thought. Thus, the philosophy of science plays an important role in shaping human perspectives and actions in the complex modern era.

This study examines the issue of distributing inheritance rights in the context of religious differences among heirs, which is often a complex issue in Islamic law. In traditional fiqh, heirs of different religions are generally not entitled to receive a share of a Muslim's estate. However, the maqashid shari'ah approach, which focuses on the purpose and wisdom of shari'ah, opens up opportunities to reinterpret such rules in light of the principles of justice, beneficence and family harmony. This study aims to analyze how maqashid shari'ah can be applied to provide a solution to the issue of inheritance rights for heirs of different religions. Using normative research methods, this study identifies the relevance of maqashid shari'ah in maintaining social stability, avoiding conflict, and ensuring family welfare. One of the approaches discussed is the application of mandatory wills as a mechanism to provide financial rights to non-Muslim heirs without violating the basic principles of shari'ah. The results show that maqashid shari'ah offers flexibility in addressing contemporary challenges, including the issue of interfaith inheritance. This approach not only emphasizes the importance of maintaining family relationships, but also creates a balance between normative justice and the practical needs of modern society.Thus,maqashid shari'ah becomes a relevant framework to answer inheritance issues in the context of religious differences.  

This article aims to examine the implementation of morals-based non-test assessment in PAI learning in grade 11 of SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta, focusing on its influence on students' character development. Islamic Religious Education (PAI) has an important role in instilling moral values. In this context, morals-based non-test assessment is an effective approach to assessing students' character development, as it focuses on observing their behavior and attitudes. At SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta, the implementation of this method is expected to help students not only understand religious teachings in theory, but also apply them in daily life. This research is a type of field research that is descriptive qualitative in nature. The main focus of this research is to understand the concept of evaluation in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning, which includes both test-based and non-test evaluation methods at SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta. In this study, a phenomenological approach is used to explore the experiences and understanding of individuals or groups regarding the phenomenon under investigation. Moral-based non-test assessment in PAI learning aims to evaluate students' moral values in everyday life. In contrast to test assessments that measure cognitive abilities. The implementation of morals-based non-test assessment faces obstacles such as difficulties in measuring morals objectively and limited time for observation.Morals-based non-test assessment in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta has an important role in shaping student character, in addition to mastery of academic material.

This study aims to describe the importance of ethical and cultural leadership in education, especially in creating a conducive learning environment, which not only focuses on academic achievement, but also on the formation of students' moral character. One of the main challenges in the world of education today is the decline in polite behavior and moral ethics in the school environment, which results in rampant violations of social and religious norms. Ethical and cultural leadership is expected to provide solutions to this problem by instilling strong moral values and maintaining the sustainability of cultural values. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method to analyze the concept of ethical and cultural leadership. The results of the study show that ethical educational leaders must uphold the principles of justice, responsibility, and transparency in every action, while cultural leaders must be able to maintain and adapt cultural values to remain relevant to the times. These two types of leadership are expected to create a healthy organizational culture and build integrity in educational institutions, as well as motivate their followers to play an active role in achieving holistic educational goals. Education leaders are expected to be agents of change who are able to balance the preservation of cultural values and the application of innovation in education.   Keywords: This study aims to describe the importance of ethical and cultural leadership in education, especially in creating a conducive learning environment, which not only focuses on academic achievement, but also on the formation of students' moral character. One of the main challenges in the world of education today is the decline in polite behavior and moral ethics in the school environment, which results in rampant violations of social and religious norms. Ethical and cultural leadership is expected to provide solutions to this problem by instilling strong moral values and maintaining the sustainability of cultural values. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method to analyze the concept of ethical and cultural leadership. The results of the study show that ethical educational leaders must uphold the principles of justice, responsibility, and transparency in every action, while cultural leaders must be able to maintain and adapt cultural values to remain relevant to the times. These two types of leadership are expected to create a healthy organizational culture and build integrity in educational institutions, as well as motivate their followers to play an active role in achieving holistic educational goals. Education leaders are expected to be agents of change who are able to balance the preservation of cultural values and the application of innovation in education.    

Philosophy of science has an important role in the preparation of scientific work, especially in management science, by providing a conceptual framework that integrates aspects of ontology, epistemology and axiology. This research discusses the application of the philosophy of science in the entire research process, starting from problem formulation, developing a theoretical framework, to presenting findings. The philosophy of science approach allows the selection of relevant research paradigms and valid methods to produce applicable and ethical solutions. In addition, philosophy of science contributes to the development of new paradigms, strengthening research ethics, and increasing creativity in scientific research. By using a literature review approach, this research provides insight into how the philosophy of science supports the development of management science through knowledge validation and systematic methodological testing

This study aims to analyze how teacher pedagogical competence influences improving student learning outcomes. Efforts to improve teacher competence so that the implementation of teaching and learning activities is effective for students. This study applies literature studies, a method that utilizes sources such as journals, books, articles, and other publications to collect information. The results of the study revealed that teacher competence has a real contribution to improving student learning outcomes. The influence of teacher competence is an important factor in creating and maintaining an environment that supports student learning outcomes in order to achieve maximum learning goals.  

In this sophisticated era, the use of mobile phones among teenagers has increased rapidly both for learning and daily needs. Excessive use of mobile phones will have an impact on the lifestyle of teenagers because of playing online games. Therefore, this study aims to determine the impact of online games among teenagers in the perspective of Islam, especially referring to the views of the hadith. The population in this study were teenagers aged 15-17 years who played the online game mobile legend around 4-7 hours or more per day and teenagers who were addicted to the online game mobile legend numbered 5 respondents. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach by means of observation and interviews and documentation. The results of the analysis of interviews and observations show that the influence of the online game mobile legend greatly affects the development and growth of teenagers because online games affect the health, psychology, academics, social, and free time that teenagers have is wasted which is detrimental to themselves. Islam does not forbid its people to have fun, but it must remain within the limits and corridors that are determined. The games played should be in accordance with their portion, aka not excessive. Don't let entertainment take up all your time, disrupt your health, hinder other activities, take up study and work time and don't let it distract someone from their main duties, especially in worship, and don't let it make people forget about more important games, such as physical exercise to improve your health or do better activities than being addicted to playing online games. Games also shouldn't make people fall into addiction.  

This research aims to analyze the implementation of summative evaluation in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at SMA Negeri 1 Mojolaban. Summative evaluation is carried out through written and oral tests to assess student achievement in cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects, especially in Al-Qur'an and Hadith subjects. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, collecting data through interviews, observation and document analysis. The research results show that summative evaluation is effective in assessing student achievement while identifying learning needs. Challenges that arise, such as varying abilities to memorize and read the Qur'an, are successfully overcome through individual approaches and varied evaluation strategies. This research highlights the importance of combining formative and summative evaluation to provide ongoing feedback. Recommendations include teacher training, use of technology, and collaboration with parents to increase the effectiveness of evaluation and learning.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the improvement of students' Arabic language skills through an internship program. The methodology used in this study is a quantitative approach to investigate the various teaching methods used during the internship program and their impact on students' Arabic language skills. We collected numerical data to assess the improvement of Arabic language skills. Pre and post-tests are used to measure progress before and after the internship program. The instruments used include Arabic language tests, questionnaires, and language skills assessment scales. The study used the Likert scale to assess participants' perceptions of the internship program In addition, the mastery of vocabulary and the teaching methods used also play an important role in improving students' Arabic language skills. This research is expected to contribute to the development of more effective Arabic teaching methods.

This article explains Islamic education during the time of Sultan Mahmud II in 1808-1839 in the Ottoman Empire. Sultan Mahmud II is known for his reform policies which had an impact on various sectors, including education. In the context of Islamic education, he seeks to update the curriculum, teaching methods and structure of educational institutions to respond to the challenges of the developing modern era, both in political, social and cultural contexts. The aim of this research is to find out about Islamic education during the time of Sultan Mahmud II. The method used in this research is library research, namely research that obtains data using reading results from literature such as books, journal articles and other reading materials. The results of the research and discussion of this article show that the education carried out by Sultan Mahmud II was focused on renewing Islamic education by incorporating general knowledge into the educational curriculum. Sultan Mahmud II also founded public schools, such as Maktebi Ma'arif and Maktebi Ulum'i Edibiyet, as well as medical, military, and engineering schools. Islamic education in modern times is experiencing an important transition, although it remains based on strong Islamic religious values.

This study aims to analyse the effect of clinical supervision management by the Head of Madrasah on improving teacher performance at MTsS Tarbiyah Waladiyah Pulau Banyak. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with research subjects including the Head of Madrasah and teachers. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, then analysed systematically using triangulation techniques to ensure data validity. The results showed that: 1) Clinical supervision planning is conducted in a structured manner by involving analyses of teachers' needs and learning situations. The madrasah principal sets specific, realistic and measurable supervision objectives to support the improvement of teachers' abilities and the quality of learning. 2) Clinical supervision involves direct observation, practical guidance and evaluation of learning activities. This process not only focuses on classroom activities, but also includes planning, time management, and use of learning resources. 3) Evaluation of clinical supervision is conducted on an ongoing basis to ensure the relevance of the supervision programme to teachers' needs. This evaluation helps to develop corrective measures and assess the effectiveness of supervision in improving teachers' competencies. This research underlines the importance of systematic clinical supervision in creating positive changes in teaching and learning. Madrasah principals as supervisors have a central role in providing constructive guidance to support teachers' professionalism and improve the overall quality of education.

This study aims to examine the implementation of quality management at SMA Swasta Muhammadiyah 4 Babalan and its impact on improving the competence of students. The research method used is a qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used include data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and verification. The results showed three main findings. 1) In quality management planning, SMA Swasta Muhammadiyah 4 Babalan conducts customer identification by emphasizing the importance of leaders who understand the needs of internal and external customers for the success of educational programs. 2) The implementation of quality management focuses on customers through periodic meetings with teachers, staff, and parents to evaluate the program and hear feedback related to customer satisfaction. 3) The principal's total involvement in communication and cooperation with stakeholders, including teachers, staff and parents, has been proven to improve the quality of education and learners' competencies. Overall, the implementation of quality management at SMA Swasta Muhammadiyah 4 Babalan has succeeded in creating an educational atmosphere that supports the optimal development of learners' competencies.

The world of education currently faces many dynamic external environmental challenges, such as changes in government policy, technological developments, labor market demands and socio- cultural changes. To face this challenge, educational institutions must develop adaptive and proactive strategies. This strategy includes curriculum innovation to adapt to current needs, increasing the capacity of teaching staff through continuous education and the application of technology in the learning process to increase access to skills and quality of education. Apart from that, collaboration with external parties such as industry and society is also important to create synergies that support the relevance and competitiveness of graduates. By taking a comprehensive and responsive approach, educational institutions can continue to grow and make meaningful contributions to ever-changing external challenges  

The purpose of this study is to investigate how urgent it is for higher education institutions to adopt conflict management practices. Conflicts in the workplace are often caused by different perceptions, so it is very important to manage them effectively. In this study, participants from higher education organizations at a private university in Yogyakarta participated in interviews using descriptive qualitative methodology. The findings of the study indicate that conflict management can be beneficial for business in addition to being important for preventing losses. Effective problem solving is a sign of successful conflict management, where the ability of individuals to communicate effectively under the direction of a capable leader is essential to achieving common goals. Awareness of problems and conflict resolution skills can improve outcomes and strengthen companies in the face of adversity. This study confirms that the implementation of effective conflict management is essential for the development of higher education organizations.

This research aims to measure the influence of dependence on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) applications on the learning effectiveness of Islamic Education Management students. Using quantitative research methods, data was collected through questionnaires distributed to 150 students at several universities. Data analysis was carried out using a simple linear regression test to determine the correlation between the dependency variable on AI applications (X) and learning effectiveness (Y). The research results show that 78% of respondents use AI applications in their daily learning activities, with 65% of them feeling more efficient in accessing information. However, there are 40% of students who show decreased motivation for independent learning due to dependence on AI applications. The results of the regression test show that there is a significant positive correlation between the use of AI applications and learning effectiveness with a correlation coefficient of 0.52 and a significance of p < 0.05. These findings indicate that the use of AI plays an important role in increasing learning effectiveness, but also has the potential to reduce motivation for independent learning. It is hoped that the use of AI will be accompanied by learning strategies that support student independence and critical thinking.

Work motivation is one of the key factors that contribute to improving teacher performance in education. This study aims to analyze the role of work motivation in improving teacher performance at SMP Bina Siswa, Laud Dendang. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach with data collection through questionnaires and interviews with teachers and school management. The results of the study indicate that good work motivation, both intrinsic and extrinsic, significantly affects teacher productivity and performance quality. Factors such as awards, recognition, a conducive work atmosphere, and support from school leaders have proven to be the main drivers in improving teacher work motivation. Thus, it is important for schools to continue to pay attention to the motivational needs of teachers in order to create a supportive work environment and improve the quality of education at the school.