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This research aims to examine the physical education curriculum policy at the elementary school level, with a focus on the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum at SD Inpres Kobelete. Using qualitative descriptive methods, data was collected through interviews with PJOK School Principals and Teachers. The research results show that the Merdeka Curriculum provides flexibility for educators to design learning that suits students' needs. Differentiated learning strategies are applied to meet the diversity of students' learning needs, interests and learning profiles. Efforts to increase students' active participation are carried out through various methods, including practical learning, group discussions, and giving appreciation. The main challenge faced is limited learning resources. This research highlights the importance of curriculum adaptation to create an inclusive and effective learning environment in the context of physical education in elementary schools.    

Leaders should play a supervisory role in improving the professionalism of teachers. This is because the improvement in teacher professionalism should not only depend on government efforts, but also require the teacher himself to have a strong determination to become more professional. Only in this way can the goal of national education be fulfilled. Professional teachers must have expertise in various disciplines of science, teaching resources, instructional strategies, student motivation, and have advanced capabilities and broad knowledge in the field of education. The methods in this research are qualitative descriptive methods and the type of research of phenomena occurring in the field. The location of this research is in SMAN 5 Payakrasuh. The findings are that surveillance is carried out with the aim of developing and improving teaching skills in educational institutions. Supervision enhances the professional competence of teachers, enabling them to effectively implement the learning process in the classroom. In addition, teachers can fulfil their role as professional educators by effectively carrying out their duties and responsibilities in guidance and teaching, as well as creating a learning environment that supports and promotes effective communication.

This research aims to investigate teachers' knowledge, skills and attitudes towards Citizenship Education (PKN) learning in elementary schools. By focusing on the effectiveness of PKN teaching, this research analyzes three main aspects: knowledge and mastery of PKN material, the effectiveness of teachers' skills in managing classes and implementing innovative learning methods, as well as teachers' attitudes towards the role of PKN in shaping student character. The research method used is a descriptive study with a quantitative and qualitative approach. Data was collected through surveys and interviews with elementary school teachers in several areas. The research results show that there are variations in teachers' knowledge, skills and attitudes towards PKN learning. Several factors such as lack of training, limited resources, and curriculum pressure influence the effectiveness of PKN teaching. The implications of these findings support the importance of increasing teacher competency and greater support from schools and the government in improving PKN learning in elementary schools. Keywords: Citizenship Education, teachers, elementary schools, knowledge, skills, attitudes

The aim to be achieved in this research is to find out the effectiveness of civic education learning through the Discovery Learning method for vocational school students. The method used is qualitative where the data collection mechanism used is through field observations and interviews with informants, namely teachers and students. The results of this research show that the Discovery Learning learning mechanism is able to create student independence in studying citizenship education. Students better understand learning concepts by having discussions with peers. Apart from that, the success obtained from this successful learning is that students' grades increase.

This research aims to determine the application of the discovery learning model assisted by canva media in increasing student motivation in learning to write personal letters. The research method used was a quantitative – experimental approach with a pre-experimental design in the form of one group pretest-posttest which was tested twice: first before treatment (pretest) and second after treatment (posttest). The sample in this study was 35 class VII students of SMP Negeri 1 Parongpong for the 2023/2024 academic year who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The results of the research show that there is an increase in students' motivation in learning to write personal letters by applying the discovery learning model assisted by Canva media, with the average score before treatment being 59.89 and after treatment being 80.00 with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of the discovery learning model assisted by Canva media is effective in increasing student motivation in learning to write personal letters.    

Classroom management is an effort made by teachers to create and maintain classroom conditions so that they remain normal and optimal in carrying out learning so that it can continue to run effectively and efficiently. Thematic learning is integrated learning that uses themes to link several subjects so that it can provide meaningful experiences to students. The aim of this research is to describe classroom management in thematic learning. This research method is a descriptive approach with a qualitative research type. The results of this research indicate that the classroom management carried out by teachers at SDN 2 Trienggadeng Pidie Jaya has generally been carried out well and teachers have utilized the available classroom facilities and infrastructure.

This literature aims to present the integration of TPACK (Technological, Pedagogical, And Content Knowledge) in mathematics learning and see its role in increasing learning effectiveness. By conducting analysis from various relevant sources of articles, journals and previous research, we can identify the benefits of integrating TPACK in mathematics learning in algebra form material. The results of this literature analysis show that there is a positive impact in increasing the effectiveness and abilities of students. The combination of technology, pedagogy and content knowledge makes mathematics learning able to provide a more interactive learning experience. It is hoped that this article can be a helpful reference for educators and educational researchers who are interested in implementing TPACK in the learning process to increase learning effectiveness.    

In the era of increasing digitalization, the integration of technology in education is becoming increasingly important. One area that has received a major contribution from technology is mathematics education at the secondary school (SMA) level. The use of mathematics software has become a highly effective tool for teachers and students in understanding complex mathematical concepts, developing computational skills, and solving problems more efficiently and interactively. This article analyzes various literature studies related to the use of mathematics software in high school, with a focus on developing students' computational thinking abilities. Computational thinking (CT) abilities, which were first introduced by Seymour Papert, are important skills that help students in decision making and problem solving. Various studies show that the integration of CT in educational curricula, particularly through teaching programming and the use of mathematical software, can improve students' computing skills. Although there are challenges in implementation, such as lack of infrastructure and teacher training, this study highlights the importance of using technology in mathematics education to create a dynamic, interactive, and relevant learning environment. This research aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of literature studies related to the use of mathematics software in high school and its influence on the development of students' computational thinking skills. By understanding the findings from previous studies, it is hoped that this research can make a significant contribution to designing a more effective mathematics curriculum and provide practical guidance for educators in integrating mathematics software in everyday learning. The results of the analysis show that technology-based interactive learning methods, the use of special software such as Matlab and Geogebra, as well as programming training with languages ​​such as Java and Python, all show positive results in improving students' computing skills. However, there is still a need to improve abstract thinking skills and address variations in computational abilities among students.

This research was aimed to find out whether the implementation of Project Based Learning can be effectively increasing students’ writing skills. Quantitative method was used in this research by giving pre-test and post-test in order to know the students’ productivity in writing. There were 25 students as the participants.  They were in the fifth semester in which 13 students became the experimental class and the 12 students became the controlled class. The mean score showed that the pretest was 50 and the score of the posttest was 76,15. The percentage and frequency of the students’ score on the pretest for experimental class showed that 7 or 54% got an average score, 5 or 38% got a poor score, and 1 or 8% got a very poor score. While, after the researcher conducted the project based learning, the posttest showed that 5 or 38% of students got very good scores, 2 or 15% of students got a good score and 6 or 46% students got an average score. There was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest. based on the result, there was a significant difference between the experimental class and the controlled class in their writing achievement. Hence, the implementation of project based learning was effective in increasing students' writing ability in writing news.

This research aims to prove the effect of using the demonstration method on the results of learning to expressive painting using shoes as a medium for class X students at SMK Negeri 9 Medan. This research uses a quasi experimental research method. With a sample of 66 class X students taken using cluster random sampling. This research used a control class (painting using conventional methods) and an experimental group (painting using demonstration methods). Based on the research results, the average pretest scores for the experimental and control classes were 61.48 and 61.27 and the average posttest scores for the experimental and control classes were 80.93 and 70.96. And it can be seen from the results of the t test where these results are marked with the t test value from the experiment, it was found that thit = 10.23, the price of ttab with dk = 62 with a real level of 0.05, it was obtained that ttab = 1.9989 with the result 10.23 > 1.9989. It can be concluded that there is a significant influence from the use of the demonstration method on the results of learning to paint using shoes as a medium for class X students at SMK Negeri 9 Medan.

The purpose of writing this article is to determine increased access and equal distribution of the potential of Islamic educational institutions. This research uses a type of library research. Library research is research carried out by reviewing various journals and related reference books. The results of his research show that one of the pillars of national education is the expansion and equal distribution of access to education. Expanding and equalizing access to education which is aimed at expanding the capacity of educational units by referring to the national priority scale which provides equal opportunities for all students from various groups of society who are diverse both socially, economically, gender, geographically and at the level of intellectual ability, and physical condition. Expanding and equalizing access provides the widest possible opportunities for the Indonesian population to be able to learn throughout their lives in order to increase the nation's competitiveness in the current era. Access to Islamic educational institutions has great significance for the development of individuals and society as a whole. This helps understand Islamic teachings, strengthens religious identity, teaches morals and ethics, understands relevant social and political issues, and helps build character and integrate religious values ​​in daily life. Obstacles to access to Islamic education in this village include Lack of material books and competence of teaching staff. This factor influences the quality of education and students' understanding of Islamic teachings. Therefore, to overcome this problem, greater efforts need to be made to increase access to education, provide adequate book materials, and increase the competency of teaching staff in village areas. Teacher training plays a key role in the distribution of Islamic religious education. Effective teacher training should focus on understanding local culture, relevant curriculum, innovative teaching methods, classroom management skills, community involvement, use of technology, and development of empathy skills.    

This article discusses the learning difficulties experienced by mathematics education students. Learning difficulties are a common challenge faced by students in the learning process, but for mathematics education students, these learning difficulties can have more complex implications. This article aims to identify factors that can cause learning difficulties for mathematics education students, as well as finding effective solutions to overcome these problems. This research uses qualitative methods by conducting interviews and observations of mathematics education students who experience learning difficulties. The research results show that factors such as a lack of understanding of mathematical concepts, anxiety about mathematics, and lack of motivation in learning are the main causes of learning difficulties for mathematics education students. To overcome these learning difficulties, this research recommends an approach that focuses on developing understanding of mathematical concepts, reducing anxiety about mathematics through a more interactive and creative approach, and providing appropriate motivation in the learning process. Apart from that, forming study groups and providing individual guidance are also considered effective in helping students overcome their learning difficulties. It is hoped that this article can provide a deeper understanding of the learning difficulties of mathematics education students and provide recommendations that can help improve the quality of mathematics learning for mathematics education students.

Real analysis is a course that requires formal proof of a formal definition. Almost all students have difficulty learning real analysis. These problems require the provision of learning models that can serve students who learn real analysis. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview or description of the Model to improve the quality of real analysis lectures. The method used in this study is Systematic Literature Review. The results of the study concluded that models to improve the quality of real analysis lectures are very diverse. Learning models such as the use of Flow Proof and Extended Triad Level ++ Learning Models, to the application of learning modules such as Project-Based Learning Modules can be effectively and efficiently used to improve the quality of real analysis lectures.

This study aims to determine the effect of using beaded props on fraction material on the mathematics learning outcomes of seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 7 Mimika. The type of experimental research used is True Experimental Design in the form of Pretest - posttest control group design. The variables of this study consisted of independent variables, namely the effect of using beaded props and the dependent variable, namely the mathematics learning outcomes of seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 7 Mimika. The study population consisted of all seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 7 Mimika, totaling 246 students. Data collection techniques are by means of tests, observation and documentation. Instruments to measure learning outcomes using pre-test and post-test that has been known homogeneity and normality. In the experimental group, the average pre-test value was 71.90 and the post-test was 88.43. In the control group, the average pre-test value was 60.23 and the post-test was 77.17. The results of hypothesis testing show that the significance value of tcount> ttable (10.20> 1.67). From these results it can be concluded that the use of props beads on fraction material brings a positive influence on the learning outcomes of students in grade VII SMP Negeri 7 Mimika.

The main problem in this research is the lack of reading comprehension skills in grade IV students. This research aims to determine the effect of literacy learning on fourth grade students' reading comprehension skills. The type of research used was experimental with a One Group Pretest-Posttest research design. The data source in this research was 21 class IV students. Data collection was carried out using the results of the reading comprehension skills assessment. The data obtained was then analyzed using statistical analysis techniques, namely descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. After analyzing the data, the results of hypothesis testing obtained a comparison of the Pre-test results, namely 82.76 and Post-test, namely 93.714, which shows that the value of tCount = 5.8099 and tTable = 2.08596, so tCount ≥ tTable or 5.8099 ≥ 2.08596 so it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This means that literacy learning on students' reading abilities has an influence in improving fourth grade students' reading comprehension abilities.

This research aims to determine the effect of using Gamatek teaching aids (Mathematics tutorials) on mathematics learning outcomes in class IV students at SD Negeri 74 Terasa, Sinjai Regency. This research is a type of Pre-Experimental research with a One Group Pre-test Post-test Design. This research involved 11 fourth grade students at SD Negeri 74 Terasa, Sinjai Regency. The data collection techniques are tests and observations. The data analysis technique in this research is descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The research results show that 1) The student learning outcomes before using Gamatek teaching aids were 90.90% of students were incomplete and classified as needing guidance and did not meet the classical completeness criteria, namely ≥ 75%, 2) Student learning results after using Gamatek teaching aids showed 90.90% of students completed. Thus, student learning outcomes after using Gamatek teaching aids are classified as very good and have met the classical completeness criteria, namely ≥75%, 3) The student's average normalized gain of 0.65 is in the medium classification. Thus, it can be concluded that learning mathematics on KPK and FPB material using Gamatek (Mathematics Galacang) teaching aids is said to have an effect on improving the learning outcomes of class IV students at SD Negeri 74 Terasa, Sinjai Regency.

The importance of land transportation services such as PT. Indonesian Railways are increasing among the public lately, especially in Binjai City. Therefore, this study aims to try to model and forecast the number of passengers of PT. Indonesian Railways in the region. In this study, the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was used which has proven effective. For research in Binjai City, the ARIMA(1,1,1) model showed good results. The data used in this study includes the number of passengers of PT. Binjai City Railway from January 2022 to December 2022. The forecasting accuracy rate was evaluated using MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error), which reached a value of 4.437%. This figure shows that forecasting has an error rate of less than 10%, so it can be categorized as excellent forecasting. The results of this study provide valuable insights for PT. Binjai City Railway to plan resources and optimize their passenger services. However, further research can still be done to improve forecasting methods and expand the reach of research to other regions.

According to Law No. 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System, education is a conscious and planned effort to create a learning atmosphere and learning process so that students actively develop their potential to have the spiritual power of religious rituals, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble morals, and the necessary skills. by himself, society, nation, and state. Learning media is a tool in the teaching and learning process that conveys messages and clarifies material to help the learning process. Observations carried out at SDN Sukamulya still used media such as pictures on paper or were only guided by the textbooks used. From these results, students had no interest in the learning process if they only used paper media. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of learning videos on interest in learning mathematics for class V at SDN Sukamulya. The research method used was an experiment with a quantitative approach design to determine how variable the results were. From the pretest results, it was 23.64%, and the posttest results increased to 25.76%.

This article describes the development of Dick & Carey's learning design model on the Carey on the material of Linear Equation System Two Variables (SPLDV) Class X Senior High School.The purpose of this research is to explain the stages of the development of the Dick & Carey development stages of Dick & Carey learning design in designing effective and structured learning in the context of mathematics learning on and structured in the context of mathematics learning on the material of the System of Linear Equations Two Variables (SPLDV) Class X SMA. Two Variable Linear Equation (SPLDV) material. As for the results of the development of learning design Dick & Carey's learning design development results provide a success in learning objectives. This learning model provides a systematic and structured stage process for teachers in making plans for structured for teachers in making plans or designs in the implementation of learning. implementation of learning. This learning model also emphasizes on achievement of specific learning objectives and evaluation of learning outcomes. learning outcomes. This article provides an overview of the importance of developing learning design model to achieve success in student learning process.

This research aims to determine the effect of using colored text on student learning outcomes in opportunity material and to see students' interest in learning using colored text. This research design uses Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Test questions and questionnaires were used as research instruments. Test questions are given with the aim of measuring student learning outcomes before being given treatment and after being given treatment. Meanwhile, questionnaires are used to determine students' responses to learning whether using colored text or only black and white text. The data analysis technique used is the t-test with a significance level of α = 5% or 0.05. With these calculations, the tcount value is 5.593 and the ttable value is 2.008, so tcount > ttable. So it can be concluded that there is an influence of the use of colored text on student learning outcomes in opportunity material. Based on the validity and reliability test on the research instrument, the calculated r value > r table was obtained so that all items in the questionnaire were valid. Meanwhile, in the reliability test, it was found that the data was reliable.