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This study aims to analyze the effectiveness, challenges, and solutions of the application of the Indonesian teaching module of biographical text material in grade X students of SMK Negeri Simpang Empat Tanah Bumbu in the Independent Curriculum. Teaching modules, which are essential for systematic planning, are often difficult for teachers to compile. This module focuses on the development of listening and speaking skills, as well as the cultivation of the Pancasila Student Profile (independent, critical, creative), supported by students' initial knowledge, various media, and a Creative-Productive learning model. With qualitative methods, the study found that although the teaching modules succeeded in creating planned learning (through activities such as goal negotiations, video exploration, and group discussions), there were major challenges in integrating all elements effectively, optimizing students' initial knowledge, developing independence/critical thinking, and overcoming media constraints and classroom dynamics. Therefore, this study emphasizes the need for teacher innovation in compiling and implementing modules so that learning becomes even, interesting, and in accordance with the spirit of the Independent Curriculum.

This study aims to analyze the simultaneous effect of implementing Canva, an interactive visual media, in Science (Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam/IPA) and the application of the Deep Learning approach (in-depth and contextual learning) in English on improving students' learning motivation at SMP Negeri 3 Galesong Selatan. Learning motivation is measured as a dependent variable crucial for academic success in the digital era. This research uses a Mixed Methods design with an embedded quasi-experimental model, supported by descriptive qualitative data through in-depth observations and interviews. The research sample consists of seventh-grade students who were the subjects of the Canva intervention in Science, and eighth-grade students who were the subjects of the Deep Learning intervention in English, each compared with a control group. The results of the paired t-test hypothesis test showed a significant and positive increase in students' learning motivation in both intervention groups. Qualitatively, Canva proved effective in visualizing complex Science concepts, facilitating understanding and creativity. Meanwhile, Deep Learning successfully contextualized English through authentic projects, enhancing material relevance and student independence. The main conclusion of this study is that the combination of visual technology innovation and the adoption of pedagogy focused on in-depth understanding is a transformative strategy for fostering strong intrinsic learning motivation at the junior high school level.

This study aims to determine the effect of the Discovery Learning method on the learning outcomes of Aqidah Akhlak students at MAS Plus Al Ulum Medan. The background of this research is the low level of student participation and engagement in learning, since teachers still tend to rely on conventional lecture methods that are one-way, making students less active, unaccustomed to critical thinking, and resulting in suboptimal learning outcomes. Discovery Learning was chosen as an alternative approach because it emphasizes students’ direct involvement in discovering concepts through observing, collecting data, discussing, analyzing, and drawing conclusions, thus allowing them to relate the material to real-life experiences. This research employed a quantitative approach with a simple experimental design (quasi-experiment), where grade XI students were divided into two groups: an experimental class taught using Discovery Learning and a control class taught using the lecture method. The research instruments consisted of learning achievement tests (pretest and posttest) and student activity observation sheets, while data were analyzed using a t-test to determine the differences in learning outcomes between the two groups. The results revealed a significant difference, with the experimental class achieving an average posttest score of 85 compared to 72 in the control class. These findings demonstrate that Discovery Learning has a positive and significant effect on students’ Aqidah Akhlak learning outcomes, as well as enhancing their activeness, independence, critical thinking skills, and understanding of the subject matter. Therefore, Discovery Learning can be considered an effective instructional strategy to improve the quality of Islamic Religious Education in secondary schools

This study uses a qualitative library method aimed at analyzing the use of slang from a semiotic perspective among elementary school students and its implications for Indonesian language learning. The slang frequently used by students has certain symbols, meanings, and signs that reflect group identity, social dynamics, and the cultural development of early adolescence. In this context, slang functions not only as a means of communication but also as a means of self-expression and building social relationships among peers. The use of slang among elementary school students creates a space for them to interact and understand each other, as well as strengthen social bonds within their group. This study examines various literature and previous research results on semiotic theories proposed by Ferdinand de Saussure and Charles Sanders Peirce. These theories serve as an important foundation in understanding the linguistic signs and meanings behind the use of slang. However, the uncontrolled use of slang can potentially obscure the rules of standard Indonesian. If not addressed with an appropriate pedagogical approach, this can disrupt the learning process and students' understanding of formal Indonesian. Therefore, it is important for educators to understand the dynamics of slang use among students in order to manage and direct its use in learning contexts. This way, students will not only be able to communicate well in slang but also be able to apply standard Indonesian language rules in appropriate situations, enabling them to become effective and competent communicators in today's global era. This research is expected to provide deeper insight into the importance of understanding slang in educational contexts, as well as encourage the development of more innovative and relevant teaching methods to meet the needs of students in the modern era.

This research examines the effectiveness of using Kahoot as a learning evaluation medium for mufradat (vocabulary) in Arabic language at LKP Kampung Arab Al-Azhar Pare. The research background indicates that mastering mufradat is crucial in Arabic language learning, yet conventional teaching and evaluation methods are often monotonous and less motivating for students. The objective of this study is to test the effectiveness of Kahoot as an evaluation medium in Arabic language learning for students of Takallam 1 Program. The method used is a combination of qualitative and quantitative with a one-group pre-test-post-test experimental design on 24 students. Research findings show a significant increase in students' average scores from pre-test (35.6250) to post-test (83.5417) after using Kahoot , as well as positive responses from students stating that Kahoot is enjoyable, easy to use, and engaging. The implication of this research is that the use of Kahoot is effective in increasing motivation and learning outcomes of Arabic.

This observation aims to ensure that elementary school children at SDN 1 Kaduagung Timur in grade V know the material about the concept of the food chain. The method used is a qualitative method. Qualitative methods are research approaches that focus on collecting non-numerical data to understand social, cultural, or psychological phenomena in depth. This method uses techniques such as interviews, observations, and text analysis to gain insight into the meaning and experiences of individuals or groups. The results of the study revealed that most students had a good basic understanding of the concepts of producers, consumers, and decomposers, but there were still errors in ordering the food chain correctly. The conclusion of this observation shows the need for a more contextual and visual learning approach to improve student understanding.

Understanding scientific concepts in elementary school, particularly the topic of Earth's layers, remains a challenge due to its abstract nature. Low student interest and difficulty in visualizing geospheric structures highlight the need for more contextual and engaging learning media. This study aims to examine the effect of using audiovisual media on fifth-grade students' understanding of science concepts. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design was employed, involving two groups: an experimental class using audiovisual media and a control class using conventional methods. The analysis revealed a significant difference in concept comprehension between the two groups. Students exposed to audiovisual media demonstrated greater improvement in understanding compared to those taught through traditional methods. These findings suggest that audiovisual media effectively support students in grasping abstract concepts through engaging visual and auditory presentations. The study implies that integrating interactive learning media is essential to enhance the quality of science education in elementary schools.

This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of podcast-based learning media through the Spotify application in improving listening skills (Maharah al-Istima’) of 8th-grade students at SMP Muhammadiyah 06 Dau. A quantitative research method with a quasi-experimental approach was employed, involving two groups: the experimental class using podcast media and the control class using conventional methods. Data were collected through observation and tests (pretest and posttest), and analyzed using normality, homogeneity, and independent sample t-test with SPSS 26. The results revealed that the use of podcasts significantly enhanced students’ listening skills. Students in the experimental class demonstrated higher enthusiasm, independence, and active participation compared to those in the control class. Thus, Spotify podcasts can be considered an effective and engaging alternative learning medium for Arabic language education. The study also recommends further research on a broader scale to examine long-term impacts and other influencing variables.

Examining how elementary school students' motivation and academic performance are affected by the use of interactive learning tools is the primary goal of this study. One of the developments that might pique students' interest in learning and get them more involved in the process is interactive learning media, which presents information in a more engaging and accessible way. Study was conducted using a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design. Students in fifth grade from one of the local elementary schools served as the study sample. They were split into two groups, one for the experiment and one for control. While the control group stuck to more traditional approaches, the experimental group made use of interactive learning materials. Testing for reliability and validity was not conducted on the learning motivation questionnaire and learning accomplishment assessments that were used to gather data. To compare the groups' levels of motivation and academic success, a t-statistical test was used to analyze the data. Using interactive learning media significantly increased students' learning motivation compared to the control group, according to the findings. Furthermore, compared to the group that relied on conventional methods of instruction, students in the test group outperformed them academically. These findings show that elementary school students may be motivated and accomplish more with the use of interactive learning tools. In order to make learning more engaging and conducive to student achievement, instructors are encouraged to include interactive media into the learning process

The inquiry learning strategy is a learning approach that places students at the center of the learning process by emphasizing the development of critical thinking skills, analysis, and independent concept discovery through a question and answer process, exploration, and investigation. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the inquiry learning strategy in improving students' conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills in certain subjects. The method used is quantitative research with a quasi-experimental design involving an experimental group that applies the inquiry strategy and a control group with conventional learning methods. Data were collected through conceptual understanding tests and critical thinking skills assessment instruments before and after treatment. The results of the study showed that the application of the inquiry learning strategy significantly improved students' conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills compared to conventional learning methods. In conclusion, the inquiry learning strategy is effectively used as an alternative learning method that can improve the quality of the process and student learning outcomes. The implications of this study suggest that teachers integrate inquiry strategies in learning to encourage students to become active and creative learners and improve high-level thinking skills.

This study examines the comparison between conventional learning and technology-based learning on student learning outcomes. The purpose of this study is to understand the meaning of the comparison between the two learning methods, explore the meaning of conventional learning, technology-based learning, and student learning outcomes, and finally compare the effectiveness of the two methods in improving the learning outcomes of grade VIII students at SMP Cerdas Bangsa. The methods used in this study are literature studies and experiments involving two groups of students; the first group follows conventional learning, while the second group follows technology-based learning. The results of the study indicate that technology-based learning has a more significant impact on improving student learning outcomes compared to conventional learning.    

This research examines how Problem-Based Learning (PBL) influences students' critical thinking abilities. PBL involves tackling real-world issues to enhance these skills. A quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control groups was applied, comparing a PBL group with a traditional learning group. Data were gathered through critical thinking assessments conducted before and after the intervention. The results showed that students taught with PBL demonstrated greater improvements in critical thinking than those in the control group. This highlights PBL as an effective approach for developing essential 21st-century skills, urging educators to integrate PBL into their teaching methods.

The aim of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning model in improving elementary school studeny learning outcomes using a literature study methodology. The main focus of this research is onincreasing students understanding of sosial studies lesson the shortcomings and complexity of the STAD model,as well as problems that arise during its implementation. The STAD model encourages small groups to work together to improve understanding of the material. This research has been conducted using qualitative methods equipped with a descriptive approach, relying on data obtained from a literature review. Data sources include relevant scientific articles, books, and journals that support previous findings and are in line with the main topic of the study. The results of the analysis show that the STAD model has advantages such as encouraging social interaction, increasing group collaboraction, creating a conducive learning environment. However, there are shortcomings such as lack of teacher attention, difficulties in group work. As well as abstacles such as learning preparation  and mastery of the material by teachers. In short the STAD model affectively improves learning outcomes and student participation.

This research discusses the optimization of implementing collaborative learning in the topic of norms and rules, integrating the Problem Based Learning (PBL) approach and Kahoot games with with assessments conducted both in groups and individually, along with observations by an observer. The study was conducted at MIN 1 Balikpapan with 28 students consisting of 12 male students and 16 female students. The assessment was designed to enhance students’ conceptual understanding and social skills through innovative and interactive methods. Observation results show that students are able to communicate and work together effectively in groups, while the presentation and question and answer stages encourage critical thinking skills and self-confidence. The group-based Kahoot game created a fun and competitive atmosphere, increasing students’ motivation and engagement in learning. Individual evaluations conducted at the end of the assessment measured the extent of students' understanding after the collaborative learning process. Overall, this assessment approach successfully fostered an active learning environment that supported the development of students' understanding of the material, social skills, and independent learning abilities. Final results showed that 29% of students achieved a perfect score of 100, 32% scored 90, 21% scored 80, and 14% achieved a passing grade with a score of 70. Only 4% of students did not meet the passing criteria, scoring 60. These findings demonstrate that the majority of students were able to achieve satisfactory learning outcomes.  

This research analyzes teacher performance in developing Integrated Social Sciences teaching materials at SMPN 7 Medan. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method. The interview results show that teachers are able to organize teaching material by combining various fields of study, such as Geography, Economics, History and Sociology, by agreeing on a theme first before presenting it to students. The development of Geography teaching materials, which is considered more difficult than other fields of study, is carried out with a longer time allocation and the use of local resources. In teaching methods, teachers apply fun approaches such as discussion, Contextual Teaching Learning (CTL), Quantum Teaching, and inquiry to increase student involvement and encourage critical thinking. However, obstacles in developing teaching materials, especially Geography material, are overcome by enriching literacy and utilizing learning methods based on group discussions and case studies. Integrated social studies learning at SMPN 7 Medan becomes more effective and relevant to students' daily lives thanks to the contextual approach applied by the teacher.

This type of research is qualitative with a case study which aims to analyze the application of the group discussion learning method to students' understanding of integrated social studies learning material at SMA Negeri 21 Medan. The group discussion method was applied as an effort to increase students' understanding of complex integrated social studies material. The respondents in this study were class X5 and in research. This research uses primary data obtained through interviews with 10 students and 45 students XI IPS 3 direct observation of students at SMA Negeri 21 Medan who are the samples or respondents to this research. The results of the research show that the application of the group discussion learning method significantly increases students' understanding of integrated social studies learning material. Students who were involved in group discussions showed increased ability to understand integrated social studies concepts and were able to relate information between integrated subjects. The application of the group discussion learning method is effective in increasing students' understanding of integrated social studies learning material at SMA Negeri 21 Medan.

This study aims to examine the application of the concept of Merdeka Belajar through Pancasila Profile students in learning Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at Ar Ridha Pantai Cermin IT Junior High School. The research uses descriptive qualitative method to deeply understand the dynamics of learning in the field. Data are collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis related to the learning process. The results showed that the implementation of Merdeka Belajar creates a pleasant learning environment, with learning that favours students and the use of varied methods by PAI teachers tailored to student needs. Teachers at SMP IT Ar Ridha Pantai Cermin also emphasise the importance of noble moral values, global diversity, mutual cooperation, independence, critical reasoning, and creativity in accordance with the Pancasila Learner Profile. The obstacles faced include the lack of socialisation and training from the education office and the lack of technical guidance related to the preparation of the Merdeka Curriculum teaching module, most of which information is conveyed through WhatsApp groups based on the Ministry of Education and Culture's circular letter.    

The Civics Education (PKn) subject is one of the courses that holds a strategic and important role in shaping the multicultural traits and attitudes of students, with the expectation that each individual can become a good person. In the era of globalization and the advancement of information technology, the challenges in instilling an attitude of tolerance are increasingly complex. Therefore, innovation in PKn teaching methods is an urgent need. Technological advancements offer new opportunities in the educational world. The use of technology in learning can enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the teaching-learning process, as well as make learning more engaging and relevant for students. Technology-based PKn learning innovations can be a solution to instill tolerance attitudes in a more interactive, collaborative, and contextual way. The research method used is qualitative, a research model that utilizes descriptive data in the form of written or spoken language from observable people and actors. This qualitative research is conducted to explain and analyze the phenomena of individuals or groups, events, social dynamics, attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions. Interview and observation results show that at SMP NEGERI 35 MEDAN, the application of technology in Civics Education has successfully instilled an attitude of tolerance well. Media such as PowerPoint, images, and videos are used to facilitate students' understanding of the material, and teachers' examples become a reflection of students' behavior. However, there are obstacles in the form of limited facilities and infrastructure, as well as challenges in maintaining students' focus during lessons. These challenges can be overcome by using engaging learning media that can stimulate students' activity.

The Influence of the POE (Predict-Observe-Explain) Learning Model on Science Learning Outcomes on Changes in the Properties of Objects for Class V Sdn 17 Binamu, Jeneponto Regency. Thesis. Department of Elementary School Teacher Education. Faculty of Teacher Training and Education. Muhammadiyah University of Makassar. Supervisor I Hilmi Hambali and Supervisor II A. Muafiah Nur.This research aims to determine the effect of the POE (Predict-Observe-Explain) learning model on learning outcomes in science material on changes in the properties of objects in class V. This research is a quantitative research using quasi-experimental research design with experimental methods in the form of pretest posttest group control design, with two groups, namely the control group and the experimental group.The data in this research were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis techniques and inferential statistics. The results show that there is an influence of the POE (Predict-Observe-Explain) model in science subjects on science learning outcomes in material on changes in the properties of objects for class V SDN 17 Binamu, Jeneponto Regency. This can be seen in the average posttest score for the control class which only reached 66.74, while the average posttest score for the experimental class reached 82.83. Based on hypothesis testing using the independent sample t test, the tcount value = 6.279, while the ttable value = 2.015. Based on the results obtained because tcount > ttable (tcount = 6.279 > ttable = 2.015), thus Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted.