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Inclusive education is an approach that emphasizes the importance of providing educational services for all children, including children with special needs (ABK), in a regular school environment. This concept is based on the philosophy that all students, regardless of physical, intellectual, social, or emotional differences, have the right to receive quality education. This study uses a literature review method by analyzing various sources to explore the role of teachers, challenges, and implementation of inclusive education in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that teachers have a central role as facilitators, collaborators, motivators, and developers of adaptive curriculum. However, in practice, there are various challenges, such as lack of training, limited facilities, an inflexible curriculum, and social stigma against ABK. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen teacher competence, increase policy support, and synergy between schools, families, and communities in realizing inclusive, fair, and quality education.

Inclusive education is an approach that emphasizes the importance of providing educational services for all children, including children with special needs (ABK), in a regular school environment. This concept is based on the philosophy that all students, regardless of physical, intellectual, social, or emotional differences, have the right to receive quality education. This study uses a literature review method by analyzing various sources to explore the role of teachers, challenges, and implementation of inclusive education in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that teachers have a central role as facilitators, collaborators, motivators, and developers of adaptive curriculum. However, in practice, there are various challenges, such as lack of training, limited facilities, an inflexible curriculum, and social stigma against ABK. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen teacher competence, increase policy support, and synergy between schools, families, and communities in realizing inclusive, fair, and quality education.

Arabic language learning, particularly the study of nahwu, is crucial in understanding Islamic religious texts such as the Qur'an and Hadith. However, in many pesantren (Islamic boarding schools), the teaching and application of nahwu often face various challenges. Therefore, this community service program aims to optimize nahwu learning at Pesantren Motivator Qur'an Darussalam Klaseman by using the Al Miftah book as the main teaching material. This program involves intensive guidance for the students in learning nahwu rules, with an interactive and hands-on approach. The results of this activity show an improvement in the students' understanding and application of nahwu rules, which positively impacts their ability to comprehend Arabic texts, particularly in reading the Qur'an.

Arabic language learning, particularly the study of nahwu, is crucial in understanding Islamic religious texts such as the Qur'an and Hadith. However, in many pesantren (Islamic boarding schools), the teaching and application of nahwu often face various challenges. Therefore, this community service program aims to optimize nahwu learning at Pesantren Motivator Qur'an Darussalam Klaseman by using the Al Miftah book as the main teaching material. This program involves intensive guidance for the students in learning nahwu rules, with an interactive and hands-on approach. The results of this activity show an improvement in the students' understanding and application of nahwu rules, which positively impacts their ability to comprehend Arabic texts, particularly in reading the Qur'an.

The lack of interest in reading among students results in a lack of ideas and opinions in arguing innovatively and creatively which is evident in assignment presentations and producing works. This journal uses a library research method by utilizing articles, journals, books, and internet access as sources. This journal aims to determine the impact of the lack of interest in reading among students, the impact of low interest in reading among students and how to increase interest in reading among teenagers. The results obtained in this study are the impact of low interest in reading among students can affect their lack of ability in mastering the field of science and how to increase interest in reading among students improve library services in schools and the community environment the availability of reading materials allows each person to choose what suits their interests and interests. The conclusion of this study is that the impact of the lack of interest in reading among students can affect the progress of the nation and its human resources.

The lack of interest in reading among students results in a lack of ideas and opinions in arguing innovatively and creatively which is evident in assignment presentations and producing works. This journal uses a library research method by utilizing articles, journals, books, and internet access as sources. This journal aims to determine the impact of the lack of interest in reading among students, the impact of low interest in reading among students and how to increase interest in reading among teenagers. The results obtained in this study are the impact of low interest in reading among students can affect their lack of ability in mastering the field of science and how to increase interest in reading among students improve library services in schools and the community environment the availability of reading materials allows each person to choose what suits their interests and interests. The conclusion of this study is that the impact of the lack of interest in reading among students can affect the progress of the nation and its human resources.

In the school environment, a good assessment of the performance of guidance and counseling teachers by subject teachers reflects recognition of the contribution of guidance and counseling teachers in supporting students academically, emotionally, and socially. The purpose of this study was to see the views of subject teachers on the performance of guidance and counseling teachers in various aspects. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. The instrument in this study used a questionnaire on the performance of guidance and counseling teachers. Based on the results of the analysis of the research data that have been presented, the researcher concluded that the performance of guidance and counseling teachers was assessed as good according to the perceptions of subject teachers based on several aspects, namely basic services, individual interest and planning services, responsive services and system support services.  

In the school environment, a good assessment of the performance of guidance and counseling teachers by subject teachers reflects recognition of the contribution of guidance and counseling teachers in supporting students academically, emotionally, and socially. The purpose of this study was to see the views of subject teachers on the performance of guidance and counseling teachers in various aspects. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. The instrument in this study used a questionnaire on the performance of guidance and counseling teachers. Based on the results of the analysis of the research data that have been presented, the researcher concluded that the performance of guidance and counseling teachers was assessed as good according to the perceptions of subject teachers based on several aspects, namely basic services, individual interest and planning services, responsive services and system support services.  

Education is a human right that everyone must have, without exception for children with special needs, especially children with autism. Usually the education that autistic children get is only in special schools (SLB), and the costs incurred for this education are not small but are much more expensive than the regular school system. The effect is that many autistic children cannot experience the world of education because of their parents' economic factors. This research summarizes several problems, namely "How is the implementation of educational services for children with autism at SLB Keleyan? The research methodology used is a qualitative approach and then outlined in the descriptive method. Data collection was carried out by observation and direct interviews regarding the service activities carried out by SLB Keleyan. Sources of information in this study amounted to 3 people, consisting of 3 men.      

Education is a human right that everyone must have, without exception for children with special needs, especially children with autism. Usually the education that autistic children get is only in special schools (SLB), and the costs incurred for this education are not small but are much more expensive than the regular school system. The effect is that many autistic children cannot experience the world of education because of their parents' economic factors. This research summarizes several problems, namely "How is the implementation of educational services for children with autism at SLB Keleyan? The research methodology used is a qualitative approach and then outlined in the descriptive method. Data collection was carried out by observation and direct interviews regarding the service activities carried out by SLB Keleyan. Sources of information in this study amounted to 3 people, consisting of 3 men.      

The position of the Prime Minister (PM) in Iraq is the head of the Iraqi government and the Iraqi Council of Ministers and is represented as the direct executive responsible for the general policy of the state and the commander in chief of the Iraqi armed forces. The PM is assigned by the President of the Republic and the candidate of the most numerous parliamentary bloc in the parliamentary systems, as he forms the Council of Ministers within fifteen days from the date of the election of the President of the Republic. The problem of this study lies in the constitutional and legal absence, which takes it upon itself to refer to this important position, and defines its competence and powers. The most important problem of this study, including, the legal and constitutional adaptation to the position of Deputy Prime Minister (DPM), whether at the national, global, and European levels. Besides, whether is the position of the PDM considering a public servant or assigned to public service. Obviously, from imposing the possibility on the Iraqi and international levels of most foreign countries that this problem will have a number of results about this characterization. In this research, the researcher used the analytical method, where the research was dealt with in two topics, introducing the Deputy Prime Minister, and the second topic was devoted to the mechanism of electing the Deputy Prime Minister.

The position of the Prime Minister (PM) in Iraq is the head of the Iraqi government and the Iraqi Council of Ministers and is represented as the direct executive responsible for the general policy of the state and the commander in chief of the Iraqi armed forces. The PM is assigned by the President of the Republic and the candidate of the most numerous parliamentary bloc in the parliamentary systems, as he forms the Council of Ministers within fifteen days from the date of the election of the President of the Republic. The problem of this study lies in the constitutional and legal absence, which takes it upon itself to refer to this important position, and defines its competence and powers. The most important problem of this study, including, the legal and constitutional adaptation to the position of Deputy Prime Minister (DPM), whether at the national, global, and European levels. Besides, whether is the position of the PDM considering a public servant or assigned to public service. Obviously, from imposing the possibility on the Iraqi and international levels of most foreign countries that this problem will have a number of results about this characterization. In this research, the researcher used the analytical method, where the research was dealt with in two topics, introducing the Deputy Prime Minister, and the second topic was devoted to the mechanism of electing the Deputy Prime Minister.

E-Government and Digital Governance serve as crucial foundations in the transformation of public services, leveraging information and communication technology. The primary focus is to provide easy and efficient access for the community. Through innovations such as the "Jemput Bola Administrasi Kependudukan" (Administration Retrieval Initiative) within the Kalimasada program, the Surabaya city government expedites administrative processes by utilizing the Klampid New Generation (KNG) website. This research aims to optimize this innovation in the Wonorejo Rungkut sub-district of Surabaya. Standards of public service regulated by laws serve as benchmarks for enhancing service quality, covering procedures, processing time, costs, service offerings, infrastructure, and staff competencies. The research findings indicate that service procedures run smoothly, processing times are relatively fast, services are provided free of charge, service offerings include various citizenship documents, and infrastructure is adequate. This innovation reflects the integration of technology into governance, accelerating and streamlining public administration processes.

E-Government and Digital Governance serve as crucial foundations in the transformation of public services, leveraging information and communication technology. The primary focus is to provide easy and efficient access for the community. Through innovations such as the "Jemput Bola Administrasi Kependudukan" (Administration Retrieval Initiative) within the Kalimasada program, the Surabaya city government expedites administrative processes by utilizing the Klampid New Generation (KNG) website. This research aims to optimize this innovation in the Wonorejo Rungkut sub-district of Surabaya. Standards of public service regulated by laws serve as benchmarks for enhancing service quality, covering procedures, processing time, costs, service offerings, infrastructure, and staff competencies. The research findings indicate that service procedures run smoothly, processing times are relatively fast, services are provided free of charge, service offerings include various citizenship documents, and infrastructure is adequate. This innovation reflects the integration of technology into governance, accelerating and streamlining public administration processes.

This research aims to describe the form of implementation of the Pancasila student profile at SMAN 2 Medan.The method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The research results show that the Pancasila student profile values ​​have been implemented intensively, namely 1) The profile of faith, devotion to God Almighty and noble morals is realized through JUBAH (Juma'at Worship) activities which are carried out every Friday morning and carrying out congregational prayers. 2) The global diversity profile is implemented through discussion and study of various foreign cultures. 3) The mutual cooperation profile is realized through community service activities, group discussions, and the preparation of OSIS work programs. 4) An independent profile is realized through completing daily tasks, taking exams, as well as returning and fixing books in the library. 5) The creative profile is realized by encouraging students to create new things, carrying out activities to recycle waste into useful items in the P5 program. 6) Critical reasoning is carried out through activities to get students used to asking questions in class, discussing, giving arguments to the problems raised, criticizing and respecting differences of opinion. The results of this research can be used as a model in implementing the Pancasila student profile in high school.    

This research aims to describe the form of implementation of the Pancasila student profile at SMAN 2 Medan.The method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The research results show that the Pancasila student profile values ​​have been implemented intensively, namely 1) The profile of faith, devotion to God Almighty and noble morals is realized through JUBAH (Juma'at Worship) activities which are carried out every Friday morning and carrying out congregational prayers. 2) The global diversity profile is implemented through discussion and study of various foreign cultures. 3) The mutual cooperation profile is realized through community service activities, group discussions, and the preparation of OSIS work programs. 4) An independent profile is realized through completing daily tasks, taking exams, as well as returning and fixing books in the library. 5) The creative profile is realized by encouraging students to create new things, carrying out activities to recycle waste into useful items in the P5 program. 6) Critical reasoning is carried out through activities to get students used to asking questions in class, discussing, giving arguments to the problems raised, criticizing and respecting differences of opinion. The results of this research can be used as a model in implementing the Pancasila student profile in high school.    

The problem in this research is whether the application of bibliotherapy techniques through individual counseling is effective for improving the self-concept of class VIII A students at SMPK St. Yoseph Noelbaki for the 2023/2024 academic year? The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of applying bibliotherapy techniques through individual counseling to improve the self-concept of class VIII students at ASMPK St. Yoseph Noelbaki for the 2023/2024 academic year. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive with pre-experimental design (one-group pretest-posttest design). The research instruments used were a self-concept questionnaire and guidelines for implementing bibliotherapy techniques. The t test formula is used by research when analyzing data. The analysis results show that the t_count value is 88.75, while the t_table value at the 5% significance level is 12.71 (t_count > t_(table)). This shows that the application of bibliotherapy techniques through individual counseling is effective for improving the self-concept of class VIII A students at SMPK St. Yoseph Noelbaki for the 2023/2024 academic year. Based on the results of this research, the researcher provides suggestions to: 1) The principal is expected to better coordinate and support the entire BK program so that it is implemented well in order to help students improve their self-concept. 2) Guidance and Guidance Teachers are expected to continuously provide individual counseling services using bibliotherapy techniques to improve students' self-concept. 3) Students are expected to actively participate in individual counseling using bibliotherapy techniques carried out by guidance and counseling teachers to improve students' self-concept.

The problem in this research is whether the application of bibliotherapy techniques through individual counseling is effective for improving the self-concept of class VIII A students at SMPK St. Yoseph Noelbaki for the 2023/2024 academic year? The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of applying bibliotherapy techniques through individual counseling to improve the self-concept of class VIII students at ASMPK St. Yoseph Noelbaki for the 2023/2024 academic year. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive with pre-experimental design (one-group pretest-posttest design). The research instruments used were a self-concept questionnaire and guidelines for implementing bibliotherapy techniques. The t test formula is used by research when analyzing data. The analysis results show that the t_count value is 88.75, while the t_table value at the 5% significance level is 12.71 (t_count > t_(table)). This shows that the application of bibliotherapy techniques through individual counseling is effective for improving the self-concept of class VIII A students at SMPK St. Yoseph Noelbaki for the 2023/2024 academic year. Based on the results of this research, the researcher provides suggestions to: 1) The principal is expected to better coordinate and support the entire BK program so that it is implemented well in order to help students improve their self-concept. 2) Guidance and Guidance Teachers are expected to continuously provide individual counseling services using bibliotherapy techniques to improve students' self-concept. 3) Students are expected to actively participate in individual counseling using bibliotherapy techniques carried out by guidance and counseling teachers to improve students' self-concept.

The Eyang Djoego Heritage Carnival tradition is a cultural activity that takes the form of tradition and is carried out every year. The heritage carnival activity was carried out by the community in Jugo Village, Kesamben District, Blitar Regency. This tradition is carried out every year on Legi Sunday in the month of Sela, this is the calculation of dates and months in Javanese tradition. The implementation of the Eyang Djoego Heritage Carnival Tradition is a form of respect for the village ancestor named Eyang Djoego and as a form of community gratitude because with his services he was able to make the residents of Jugo Village live prosperously and have enough because the harvest was so abundant. The focus of this research discusses the origins, procedures, what ubarampe is and the meaning of ubarampe, as well as the function of this traditional activity. This research uses the half-lisa folklore theory of James Danandjadja. The research design used is a qualitative descriptive method, the data sources used in the research are primary and secondary as well as oral and non-verbal data. The results of research from the Eyang Djoego Heritage Carnival Tradition produce meanings that are related to culture. This research discusses the origins of the heritage carnival tradition which originated and developed in Jugo Village. These traditional activities are also enlivened and supported by the people in Jugo Village.

The Eyang Djoego Heritage Carnival tradition is a cultural activity that takes the form of tradition and is carried out every year. The heritage carnival activity was carried out by the community in Jugo Village, Kesamben District, Blitar Regency. This tradition is carried out every year on Legi Sunday in the month of Sela, this is the calculation of dates and months in Javanese tradition. The implementation of the Eyang Djoego Heritage Carnival Tradition is a form of respect for the village ancestor named Eyang Djoego and as a form of community gratitude because with his services he was able to make the residents of Jugo Village live prosperously and have enough because the harvest was so abundant. The focus of this research discusses the origins, procedures, what ubarampe is and the meaning of ubarampe, as well as the function of this traditional activity. This research uses the half-lisa folklore theory of James Danandjadja. The research design used is a qualitative descriptive method, the data sources used in the research are primary and secondary as well as oral and non-verbal data. The results of research from the Eyang Djoego Heritage Carnival Tradition produce meanings that are related to culture. This research discusses the origins of the heritage carnival tradition which originated and developed in Jugo Village. These traditional activities are also enlivened and supported by the people in Jugo Village.