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Learning media is a tool used to convey messages so that it can stimulate students' thoughts, feelings, attention, and willingness in the learning process. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using KoKaMi media, a three-dimensional media combined with language games, in improving Arabic vocabulary mastery of eighth-grade female students of SMPIT An Nur Sragen. This study uses a quantitative approach with an experimental method and a pre-experimental design of one group pretest–posttest type. The study population consisted of 22 female students and all were sampled through a total sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through tests, interviews, observations, and documentation, while data analysis used descriptive statistics, prerequisite tests, and hypothesis testing with the help of SPSS. The results of the analysis showed that the data were not normally distributed so the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used. The test results showed a significance value of 0.000 smaller than 0.05, which means H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. These findings prove that KoKaMi media is effective in improving Arabic vocabulary mastery. Therefore, KoKaMi media can be used as an alternative innovative learning media that helps students understand vocabulary more actively, enjoyably, and meaningfully. The implications of this research indicate that the use of game-based media can increase learning motivation, class participation, and learning interactions, so teachers are advised to utilize similar creative media as an effective and student-centered language learning strategy in learning practices at school consistently and sustainably.

Learning media is a tool used to convey messages so that it can stimulate students' thoughts, feelings, attention, and willingness in the learning process. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using KoKaMi media, a three-dimensional media combined with language games, in improving Arabic vocabulary mastery of eighth-grade female students of SMPIT An Nur Sragen. This study uses a quantitative approach with an experimental method and a pre-experimental design of one group pretest–posttest type. The study population consisted of 22 female students and all were sampled through a total sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through tests, interviews, observations, and documentation, while data analysis used descriptive statistics, prerequisite tests, and hypothesis testing with the help of SPSS. The results of the analysis showed that the data were not normally distributed so the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used. The test results showed a significance value of 0.000 smaller than 0.05, which means H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. These findings prove that KoKaMi media is effective in improving Arabic vocabulary mastery. Therefore, KoKaMi media can be used as an alternative innovative learning media that helps students understand vocabulary more actively, enjoyably, and meaningfully. The implications of this research indicate that the use of game-based media can increase learning motivation, class participation, and learning interactions, so teachers are advised to utilize similar creative media as an effective and student-centered language learning strategy in learning practices at school consistently and sustainably.

The Independent Curriculum is the latest education policy designed to provide students with learning freedom with a focus on developing competencies that are more flexible and student-centered. This study explains the implementation of the Independent Curriculum at SMP Negeri Satu Atap 1 Dolat Rayat, a rural school with various resource limitations. The research method used is qualitative research with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with teachers, field observations, and school documentation. The results of the study based on the results of in-depth interviews with teachers, found the main challenges such as the low basic literacy skills of students, the limited facilities of learning support infrastructure, the low active participation of students, and the diversity of student backgrounds that affect the implementation of learning. In addition, limited support from parents and education policies are also obstacles. To optimize implementation, teachers implement strategies to strengthen literacy, continuous training, use contextual media, and build cross-stakeholder collaboration. This study confirms that the success of the Independent Curriculum in rural schools requires an adaptive contextual approach and synergy of all related parties.

The Independent Curriculum is the latest education policy designed to provide students with learning freedom with a focus on developing competencies that are more flexible and student-centered. This study explains the implementation of the Independent Curriculum at SMP Negeri Satu Atap 1 Dolat Rayat, a rural school with various resource limitations. The research method used is qualitative research with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with teachers, field observations, and school documentation. The results of the study based on the results of in-depth interviews with teachers, found the main challenges such as the low basic literacy skills of students, the limited facilities of learning support infrastructure, the low active participation of students, and the diversity of student backgrounds that affect the implementation of learning. In addition, limited support from parents and education policies are also obstacles. To optimize implementation, teachers implement strategies to strengthen literacy, continuous training, use contextual media, and build cross-stakeholder collaboration. This study confirms that the success of the Independent Curriculum in rural schools requires an adaptive contextual approach and synergy of all related parties.

The arrangement of seating patterns in the classroom is one of the learning environment factors that can affect student comfort, concentration, achievement and interaction during the learning process. This study aims to determine how the influence of seating patterns in the classroom on the academic achievement of elementary school students. The method used is qualitative with data collection techniques of observation, interviews and documentation. In the interview stage, an interview was conducted with one of the teachers at SDIT Permata Kita, observation was carried out in a participatory manner, and documentation in the form of student seating patterns in the classroom, recapitulation of student grades and documentation with the teacher. The results showed that seating patterns affect classroom dynamics, student participation, and student-teacher interaction during the learning process.

The arrangement of seating patterns in the classroom is one of the learning environment factors that can affect student comfort, concentration, achievement and interaction during the learning process. This study aims to determine how the influence of seating patterns in the classroom on the academic achievement of elementary school students. The method used is qualitative with data collection techniques of observation, interviews and documentation. In the interview stage, an interview was conducted with one of the teachers at SDIT Permata Kita, observation was carried out in a participatory manner, and documentation in the form of student seating patterns in the classroom, recapitulation of student grades and documentation with the teacher. The results showed that seating patterns affect classroom dynamics, student participation, and student-teacher interaction during the learning process.

This study aims to determine the effect of using audio-visual media in increasing students' interest in learning. Class V at SDN 002/IX Sekernan. The method used was classroom action research with two cycles, which involved observation and questionnaires to measure changes in students' interest in learning. questionnaires to measure changes in students' interest in learning. Data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive statistical techniques, with focus on increasing student engagement and attention during the learning process. learning process. The results showed that the application of audio-visual media significantly increased students' interest in learning, with the percentage of interest increasing from 56.1% in cycle I to 80.25% in cycle II. increased from 56.1% in cycle I to 80.25% in cycle II. The increase This increase shows that audio-visual media is effective in creating a more interesting and enjoyable learning atmosphere. learning atmosphere that is more interesting and enjoyable, so that it can increase student students' participation and understanding of the subject matter. This research confirms that audio-visual media is one of the solutions to improve students' interest and learning outcomes significantly

This study aims to determine the effect of using audio-visual media in increasing students' interest in learning. Class V at SDN 002/IX Sekernan. The method used was classroom action research with two cycles, which involved observation and questionnaires to measure changes in students' interest in learning. questionnaires to measure changes in students' interest in learning. Data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive statistical techniques, with focus on increasing student engagement and attention during the learning process. learning process. The results showed that the application of audio-visual media significantly increased students' interest in learning, with the percentage of interest increasing from 56.1% in cycle I to 80.25% in cycle II. increased from 56.1% in cycle I to 80.25% in cycle II. The increase This increase shows that audio-visual media is effective in creating a more interesting and enjoyable learning atmosphere. learning atmosphere that is more interesting and enjoyable, so that it can increase student students' participation and understanding of the subject matter. This research confirms that audio-visual media is one of the solutions to improve students' interest and learning outcomes significantly

In the era of modern education, teachers are expected to create a creative and interactive learning environment. One approach that is increasingly being implemented is game-based learning combined with literacy enhancement at the elementary school level. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this method in improving student learning outcomes. Data were collected through interviews with teachers at SDN 08 Salimpaung and supported by literature from ten scientific journals. The analysis results indicate that this strategy can improve student participation, conceptual understanding, and learning motivation.

In the era of modern education, teachers are expected to create a creative and interactive learning environment. One approach that is increasingly being implemented is game-based learning combined with literacy enhancement at the elementary school level. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this method in improving student learning outcomes. Data were collected through interviews with teachers at SDN 08 Salimpaung and supported by literature from ten scientific journals. The analysis results indicate that this strategy can improve student participation, conceptual understanding, and learning motivation.

Improving the quality of leraning in vocational high school (SMK) is essential to meet the demands of a competency-based workforce, especially in the Agricultural Food Crop and Horticultural Agribusiness expertise program. One of the challenges faced is the low student achievement in practical subjects, such as Grafting techniques. This study aims to enhance the learning outcomes of grade X ATPH 2 students at SMK negeri 1 Gondang through the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model in the Agribusiness Food Crop and Horticulture subject, focusing on grafting material. This research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method conducted in two cycles, starting from the pre-cycle to cycle I. the research involved 30 students and was conducted from February to April 2025. The instrument used was a cognitive test analyzed quantitatively to measure student learning outcomes. The results showed an increase in the average student score from 51.23 in the pre-cycle to 76.2 in cycle I. the percentage of learning mastery also significantly increased from 16% to 57%. The implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBl) model provided a concrete and comprehensible learning experience, enhancing student participation and motivation.

Improving the quality of leraning in vocational high school (SMK) is essential to meet the demands of a competency-based workforce, especially in the Agricultural Food Crop and Horticultural Agribusiness expertise program. One of the challenges faced is the low student achievement in practical subjects, such as Grafting techniques. This study aims to enhance the learning outcomes of grade X ATPH 2 students at SMK negeri 1 Gondang through the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model in the Agribusiness Food Crop and Horticulture subject, focusing on grafting material. This research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method conducted in two cycles, starting from the pre-cycle to cycle I. the research involved 30 students and was conducted from February to April 2025. The instrument used was a cognitive test analyzed quantitatively to measure student learning outcomes. The results showed an increase in the average student score from 51.23 in the pre-cycle to 76.2 in cycle I. the percentage of learning mastery also significantly increased from 16% to 57%. The implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBl) model provided a concrete and comprehensible learning experience, enhancing student participation and motivation.

Bahasa Indonesia, as the official language and primary means of communication in Indonesia, not only serves as a link between diverse ethnicities and cultures, but also as an effective medium for conveying democratic values ​​to students. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach to understand the meaning behind the use of language in learning activities. The results of the study indicate that good mastery of Bahasa Indonesia can facilitate constructive discussions and interactions, support the teaching of democratic values, and create an inclusive learning environment. Through interactive learning strategies, prospective PPKn teachers can instill awareness of the importance of active participation in a democratic society, build mutual respect, and appreciate differences of opinion among students. This study emphasizes the importance of developing Indonesian language competence for prospective teachers as an effort to create a generation that cares and is responsible for national and state life.

Bahasa Indonesia, as the official language and primary means of communication in Indonesia, not only serves as a link between diverse ethnicities and cultures, but also as an effective medium for conveying democratic values ​​to students. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach to understand the meaning behind the use of language in learning activities. The results of the study indicate that good mastery of Bahasa Indonesia can facilitate constructive discussions and interactions, support the teaching of democratic values, and create an inclusive learning environment. Through interactive learning strategies, prospective PPKn teachers can instill awareness of the importance of active participation in a democratic society, build mutual respect, and appreciate differences of opinion among students. This study emphasizes the importance of developing Indonesian language competence for prospective teachers as an effort to create a generation that cares and is responsible for national and state life.

This research aims to identify challenges and solutions in implementing discussion learning methods in Indonesian language subjects. Through a literature review, it was found that the main challenges lie in low student participation, teachers' lack of ability to manage discussions, and limited time and resources. Apart from that, the heterogeneity of students' abilities is also an obstacle. To overcome these challenges, this research presents several solutions, including: creating a conducive learning environment, providing space for exploration for students, improving teacher skills, motivating students, and improving classroom management. By implementing these solutions in an integrated manner, it is hoped that discussion learning can become more effective and achieve the desired learning goals. This research concludes that the successful implementation of the discussion method is very dependent on the joint efforts of various parties, including teachers, students and schools. Thus, discussion learning can be an effective means for developing students' language, critical thinking and collaboration skills. 

This research aims to identify challenges and solutions in implementing discussion learning methods in Indonesian language subjects. Through a literature review, it was found that the main challenges lie in low student participation, teachers' lack of ability to manage discussions, and limited time and resources. Apart from that, the heterogeneity of students' abilities is also an obstacle. To overcome these challenges, this research presents several solutions, including: creating a conducive learning environment, providing space for exploration for students, improving teacher skills, motivating students, and improving classroom management. By implementing these solutions in an integrated manner, it is hoped that discussion learning can become more effective and achieve the desired learning goals. This research concludes that the successful implementation of the discussion method is very dependent on the joint efforts of various parties, including teachers, students and schools. Thus, discussion learning can be an effective means for developing students' language, critical thinking and collaboration skills. 

This research aims to explore how a story-based learning approach can increase students' understanding of the rain phenomenon in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning at the elementary school level. Using a qualitative approach and case studies, this research involved fourth grade students and science and science teachers in one elementary school. The research results show that story-based learning is able to change students' erroneous understanding of the rain phenomenon into a more accurate scientific understanding. Stories that connect scientific concepts with students' daily experiences successfully increase their engagement and participation in learning. In addition, this approach can also simplify abstract concepts such as the water cycle, making the material more interesting and easy to understand. Despite some challenges, such as the time required to design relevant stories, the positive impact of this approach on students' understanding and their engagement is significant. It is hoped that this research can contribute to the development of more creative and contextual science learning methods in elementary schools.

This research aims to explore how a story-based learning approach can increase students' understanding of the rain phenomenon in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning at the elementary school level. Using a qualitative approach and case studies, this research involved fourth grade students and science and science teachers in one elementary school. The research results show that story-based learning is able to change students' erroneous understanding of the rain phenomenon into a more accurate scientific understanding. Stories that connect scientific concepts with students' daily experiences successfully increase their engagement and participation in learning. In addition, this approach can also simplify abstract concepts such as the water cycle, making the material more interesting and easy to understand. Despite some challenges, such as the time required to design relevant stories, the positive impact of this approach on students' understanding and their engagement is significant. It is hoped that this research can contribute to the development of more creative and contextual science learning methods in elementary schools.

One of the most important aspects of formal and informal education in educational institutions is character education. Two types of character that should be formed are discipline and responsibility. Possession of discipline and responsibility are highly valued qualities, as character plays an important role in one's daily social interactions. Helping, grouping, and socializing are all included in it. Character development throughout human life as a whole is closely linked to the process of learning and self-formation. Character development can be achieved in the context of family, school, and the environment, which includes communities and groups. The objectives of this study are to (1) describe the teacher's approach in teaching social studies class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri that instills the character values of discipline and responsibility. (2) Determine what motivates and what hinders educators to foster the character values of discipline and responsibility in their students through social studies learning in class VIII A of SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri. (3) To find out the results of social studies learning techniques used to build character values of discipline and responsibility in students of class VIII A SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri. A descriptive qualitative approach was used in this study. In collecting data, the methods used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The Miles and Huberman approach was used in the design of this research, which used descriptive analysis techniques through three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Triangulation of data sources was used in assessing the validity of the data. The teachers and students of SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri became the research subjects. Based on the data analysis, the following conclusions were obtained: 1) Motivation and exemplary teachers, active involvement of students in learning, self-habituation, and sanctioning violations are strategies used by social studies teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri, 2) Strong motivation, family support, school regulations, and the environment are the driving factors faced by social studies teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri in instilling the character values of discipline and responsibility to students. Meanwhile, the unsupportive atmosphere and students' lack of willingness to learn make them less effective learners are the inhibiting factors. In this case, the teacher's duties have been carried out in accordance with their responsibilities as educators, motivators, mentors, and assessors. 3) The results of the social studies teacher's strategy in the implementation of cultivating the character of discipline and responsibility for students in grade VIII through motivating activities, students become enthusiastic in discipline and responsibility for the mandate carried out, namely as students. Through exemplary, students have successfully applied and instilled forms of discipline and responsibility in terms of dress, time, and duties through their active participation in classroom learning. This is indicated by students' active participation in discussions, students' activeness in completing and collecting assignments given by the teacher, students' enthusiasm for learning that is always high, self-habituation that has been applied by social studies teachers, the ability of social studies teachers to train students to be more disciplined and responsible in terms of worship, students' habits to help others and parents, and the appearance of disciplined and responsible students, by making efforts to impose sanctions on students who commit violations so that they do not repeat them again and encourage them to be more aware of their obligations as students.

This research aims to develop Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning articles with a Tri Hita Karana orientation to increase teachers' needs for interactive teaching materials at SD Negeri 2 Batur. In the independent curriculum, science and social studies learning is combined into Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subjects, with the hope that teachers can fulfill learning needs. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative, with the research subjects consisting of science and technology teachers. The techniques used in data collection were carried out through in-depth interviews and observation. The research results show that teachers need teaching materials that are more interactive, relevant to the local context, and able to integrate Tri Hita Karana values ​​in learning. The main challenges faced are limited technological facilities and a lack of teaching materials that link science concepts to students' daily lives. Based on research results, the development of local wisdom-based teaching materials such as Tri Hita Karana has the potential to increase students' active participation and support learning that is more meaningful, effective and relevant to the cultural context and local environment.