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Improving the quality of leraning in vocational high school (SMK) is essential to meet the demands of a competency-based workforce, especially in the Agricultural Food Crop and Horticultural Agribusiness expertise program. One of the challenges faced is the low student achievement in practical subjects, such as Grafting techniques. This study aims to enhance the learning outcomes of grade X ATPH 2 students at SMK negeri 1 Gondang through the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model in the Agribusiness Food Crop and Horticulture subject, focusing on grafting material. This research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method conducted in two cycles, starting from the pre-cycle to cycle I. the research involved 30 students and was conducted from February to April 2025. The instrument used was a cognitive test analyzed quantitatively to measure student learning outcomes. The results showed an increase in the average student score from 51.23 in the pre-cycle to 76.2 in cycle I. the percentage of learning mastery also significantly increased from 16% to 57%. The implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBl) model provided a concrete and comprehensible learning experience, enhancing student participation and motivation.

This research was conducted based on observations made on fifth-grade students, regarding their self-confidence, which still requires stimulation due to a lack of self-confidence. Based on this problem, an improvement is needed that can enhance students' self-confidence through engaging and enjoyable activities that are not frequently done, one of which is the role-playing method. The objective of this research is to determine the increase in self-confidence of fifth-grade students through the role-playing method at SD Negeri 26/IV Kota Jambi. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR). It was conducted at SD Negeri 26/IV Kota Jambi from March 2025 to April 2025. The research subjects were 15 students and the class teacher. Data collection methods included observation, documentation, and interviews. Data analysis involved data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The performance indicator to be achieved is an increase in children's self-confidence by 75% out of 15 children using the role-playing method. The results of this study indicate that the role playing method is proven to be effective in increasing the self-confidence of fifth grade students at SDN 26/IV Jambi City. The increase in children's self-confidence can be seen from cycle I to cycle II. In cycle I, the children's self-confidence ability was categorized as developing well by 44% with a good category. and in cycle II it increased to 94% with a very good category. So it can be concluded that the role playing method can increase self-confidence in fifth grade students at SDN 26/IV Jambi City.

Improving the quality of leraning in vocational high school (SMK) is essential to meet the demands of a competency-based workforce, especially in the Agricultural Food Crop and Horticultural Agribusiness expertise program. One of the challenges faced is the low student achievement in practical subjects, such as Grafting techniques. This study aims to enhance the learning outcomes of grade X ATPH 2 students at SMK negeri 1 Gondang through the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model in the Agribusiness Food Crop and Horticulture subject, focusing on grafting material. This research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method conducted in two cycles, starting from the pre-cycle to cycle I. the research involved 30 students and was conducted from February to April 2025. The instrument used was a cognitive test analyzed quantitatively to measure student learning outcomes. The results showed an increase in the average student score from 51.23 in the pre-cycle to 76.2 in cycle I. the percentage of learning mastery also significantly increased from 16% to 57%. The implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBl) model provided a concrete and comprehensible learning experience, enhancing student participation and motivation.

This research was conducted based on observations made on fifth-grade students, regarding their self-confidence, which still requires stimulation due to a lack of self-confidence. Based on this problem, an improvement is needed that can enhance students' self-confidence through engaging and enjoyable activities that are not frequently done, one of which is the role-playing method. The objective of this research is to determine the increase in self-confidence of fifth-grade students through the role-playing method at SD Negeri 26/IV Kota Jambi. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR). It was conducted at SD Negeri 26/IV Kota Jambi from March 2025 to April 2025. The research subjects were 15 students and the class teacher. Data collection methods included observation, documentation, and interviews. Data analysis involved data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The performance indicator to be achieved is an increase in children's self-confidence by 75% out of 15 children using the role-playing method. The results of this study indicate that the role playing method is proven to be effective in increasing the self-confidence of fifth grade students at SDN 26/IV Jambi City. The increase in children's self-confidence can be seen from cycle I to cycle II. In cycle I, the children's self-confidence ability was categorized as developing well by 44% with a good category. and in cycle II it increased to 94% with a very good category. So it can be concluded that the role playing method can increase self-confidence in fifth grade students at SDN 26/IV Jambi City.

This research aims to analyze the initial reading ability of grade I students at elementary school and the success factors in beginning reading. Initial reading is the initial stage that a person does before being able to reach a higher level of reading. This study uses a qualitative method with results described descriptively. Data collection was carried out using tests, interviews, and observations. The result of this study is that the level of initial reading ability of grade I students of elementary school is in the very good category. This success is supported by the start of early reading from PAUD or TK, advanced reading exercises in elementary schools, the role of classroom literacy corners, and parental support.

This research aims to examine the reading comprehension abilities of fourth-grade elementary students. The primary goals are to assess the level of students' comprehension skills, investigate the underlying factors contributing to their difficulties in understanding texts, and develop applicable strategies to address these challenges. This study employed a qualitative approach using a case study method. The participants were four students from the fourth grade. Data were gathered through various techniques, including observation, interviews, testing, and documentation. The findings indicated that students' reading comprehension abilities remained relatively weak. In terms of interpreting the meaning of words and expressions used by the author, students demonstrated performance at a moderate level. However, regarding the ability to understand both explicit and implicit meanings, as well as to draw conclusions from the text, their performance fell into the low or inadequate category. The factors that influence this low ability come from both internal and external factors. To overcome this problem, it is recommended that teachers motivate students more, manage the class more effectively, and apply reading comprehension strategies such as Know, Want, Learn (KWL).

This research aims to analyze the initial reading ability of grade I students at elementary school and the success factors in beginning reading. Initial reading is the initial stage that a person does before being able to reach a higher level of reading. This study uses a qualitative method with results described descriptively. Data collection was carried out using tests, interviews, and observations. The result of this study is that the level of initial reading ability of grade I students of elementary school is in the very good category. This success is supported by the start of early reading from PAUD or TK, advanced reading exercises in elementary schools, the role of classroom literacy corners, and parental support.

This research aims to examine the reading comprehension abilities of fourth-grade elementary students. The primary goals are to assess the level of students' comprehension skills, investigate the underlying factors contributing to their difficulties in understanding texts, and develop applicable strategies to address these challenges. This study employed a qualitative approach using a case study method. The participants were four students from the fourth grade. Data were gathered through various techniques, including observation, interviews, testing, and documentation. The findings indicated that students' reading comprehension abilities remained relatively weak. In terms of interpreting the meaning of words and expressions used by the author, students demonstrated performance at a moderate level. However, regarding the ability to understand both explicit and implicit meanings, as well as to draw conclusions from the text, their performance fell into the low or inadequate category. The factors that influence this low ability come from both internal and external factors. To overcome this problem, it is recommended that teachers motivate students more, manage the class more effectively, and apply reading comprehension strategies such as Know, Want, Learn (KWL).

the importance of children's literature in supporting the development of literacy, character, and imagination in the digital era. Children's literature has unique characteristics and must be adapted to the world and stage of psychological development of children. As prospective elementary school educators, understanding the theory and genre of children's literature is important in selecting and delivering appropriate reading materials. This study examines the theory of children's literature according to experts, the classification and characteristics of various genres of children's literature such as fairy tales, fables, myths and legends, children's poetry, picture stories, children's novels, fantasy, and realistic fiction. Each genre is discussed by prioritizing the educational and moral functions contained, and is equipped with examples of relevant children's literature. With this approach, this paper aims to provide prospective teachers with a comprehensive understanding of the use of children's literature in an interesting and meaningful learning process.    

the importance of children's literature in supporting the development of literacy, character, and imagination in the digital era. Children's literature has unique characteristics and must be adapted to the world and stage of psychological development of children. As prospective elementary school educators, understanding the theory and genre of children's literature is important in selecting and delivering appropriate reading materials. This study examines the theory of children's literature according to experts, the classification and characteristics of various genres of children's literature such as fairy tales, fables, myths and legends, children's poetry, picture stories, children's novels, fantasy, and realistic fiction. Each genre is discussed by prioritizing the educational and moral functions contained, and is equipped with examples of relevant children's literature. With this approach, this paper aims to provide prospective teachers with a comprehensive understanding of the use of children's literature in an interesting and meaningful learning process.    

Learning strategies are very important to be applied in preparation for the implementation of learning in its implementation can be attributed to local wisdom which is a concept that refers to the culture of the surrounding community. This study aims to analyze learning strategies based on local wisdom and its integration with the improvement of narrative writing skills in Indonesian language learning over the last 10 years which have been published in SINTA-indexed journals. This research is a qualitative research using a literature review of 20 articles. The writing of this article is assisted by several applications such as publish or perish and mendeley. Learning strategies can be associated with local wisdom that is adapted to the culture in the local environment. The results of the literature review are in the form of a classification of learning strategies in improving the ability to write narratives based on local wisdom. The results of the analysis show that local wisdom can be integrated into learning models, learning media, and the development of teaching materials. Based on the research, the application of learning strategies based on local wisdom can improve the ability to write narrative texts and can train critical thinking, creativity and cultural literacy.

Learning strategies are very important to be applied in preparation for the implementation of learning in its implementation can be attributed to local wisdom which is a concept that refers to the culture of the surrounding community. This study aims to analyze learning strategies based on local wisdom and its integration with the improvement of narrative writing skills in Indonesian language learning over the last 10 years which have been published in SINTA-indexed journals. This research is a qualitative research using a literature review of 20 articles. The writing of this article is assisted by several applications such as publish or perish and mendeley. Learning strategies can be associated with local wisdom that is adapted to the culture in the local environment. The results of the literature review are in the form of a classification of learning strategies in improving the ability to write narratives based on local wisdom. The results of the analysis show that local wisdom can be integrated into learning models, learning media, and the development of teaching materials. Based on the research, the application of learning strategies based on local wisdom can improve the ability to write narrative texts and can train critical thinking, creativity and cultural literacy.

This research aims to determine the implementation of the Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) learning model and the influence of the Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) learning model on the concept understanding ability of class II MI Miftahul Huda students in the 2024/2025 academic year. The method used in this research is an experimental method with a quasi-experimental type. The design in this research is a nonequivalent control group design. This research design involved two classes, the experimental class, namely class II A using the missouri mathematics project learning model and control class II C using the conventional learning model. Data collection techniques use the results of concept understanding tests. Based on the results of research on the Independent Sample T-test which shows that the significance (2-tailed) is 0.000 < 0.05, which means less than 0.05, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means there is an influence of the missouri mathematics project learning model on understanding ability. MI Miftahul Huda class II flat shape concept.    

This research aims to determine the implementation of the Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) learning model and the influence of the Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) learning model on the concept understanding ability of class II MI Miftahul Huda students in the 2024/2025 academic year. The method used in this research is an experimental method with a quasi-experimental type. The design in this research is a nonequivalent control group design. This research design involved two classes, the experimental class, namely class II A using the missouri mathematics project learning model and control class II C using the conventional learning model. Data collection techniques use the results of concept understanding tests. Based on the results of research on the Independent Sample T-test which shows that the significance (2-tailed) is 0.000 < 0.05, which means less than 0.05, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means there is an influence of the missouri mathematics project learning model on understanding ability. MI Miftahul Huda class II flat shape concept.    

Inclusive education in North Sumatra faces various challenges in efforts to achieve educational equality for all children, including children with special needs. This study aims to analyze the challenges and solutions applied in the implementation of inclusive education in the region. The results of the study indicate that the main challenges in inclusive education include limited facilities that support the needs of children with disabilities, the lack of teachers with special competencies, and minimal public understanding of the importance of inclusive education. Additionally, the limitations in resources and the lack of training for educators are also significant barriers to providing quality education for all children. However, several solutions have been implemented to address these issues. These solutions include improving teacher training to ensure educators have sufficient skills and knowledge in handling children with special needs, providing more supportive facilities and infrastructure such as disability-friendly classrooms, and efforts to socialize the importance of inclusive education to the community to reduce stigma against children with special needs. This study emphasizes that collaboration between the government, schools, and the community is essential to strengthen the implementation of inclusive education, in order to create a more inclusive and equitable learning environment for all children in North Sumatra.

Inclusive education in North Sumatra faces various challenges in efforts to achieve educational equality for all children, including children with special needs. This study aims to analyze the challenges and solutions applied in the implementation of inclusive education in the region. The results of the study indicate that the main challenges in inclusive education include limited facilities that support the needs of children with disabilities, the lack of teachers with special competencies, and minimal public understanding of the importance of inclusive education. Additionally, the limitations in resources and the lack of training for educators are also significant barriers to providing quality education for all children. However, several solutions have been implemented to address these issues. These solutions include improving teacher training to ensure educators have sufficient skills and knowledge in handling children with special needs, providing more supportive facilities and infrastructure such as disability-friendly classrooms, and efforts to socialize the importance of inclusive education to the community to reduce stigma against children with special needs. This study emphasizes that collaboration between the government, schools, and the community is essential to strengthen the implementation of inclusive education, in order to create a more inclusive and equitable learning environment for all children in North Sumatra.

This objective is to develop valid, practical and effective Rattan media (cultural wheel) in increasing learning motivation of fourth grade students at SDN Inpres Samili. The type of research used by the researcher is R&D (Research & Development) using the ADIE development model (Analysis, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). In this development research, the effectiveness test was carried out in class V and the practicality test was carried out on fourth grade students at SDN Inpres Samili as a test of practicality and product effectiveness. The results of the study showed that the validity of the Rattan media (cultural wheel) from 4 media and material validators obtained an average score of 93.87 (very valid). The questionnaire response of limited test students showing the practicality of the Rattan media (cultural wheel) obtained an average score of 93.33 (very practical). Thus, the rattan media learning media in sub-theme 2 can be used as a thematic learning media for fourth grade students at SDN Inpres Samili.

This objective is to develop valid, practical and effective Rattan media (cultural wheel) in increasing learning motivation of fourth grade students at SDN Inpres Samili. The type of research used by the researcher is R&D (Research & Development) using the ADIE development model (Analysis, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). In this development research, the effectiveness test was carried out in class V and the practicality test was carried out on fourth grade students at SDN Inpres Samili as a test of practicality and product effectiveness. The results of the study showed that the validity of the Rattan media (cultural wheel) from 4 media and material validators obtained an average score of 93.87 (very valid). The questionnaire response of limited test students showing the practicality of the Rattan media (cultural wheel) obtained an average score of 93.33 (very practical). Thus, the rattan media learning media in sub-theme 2 can be used as a thematic learning media for fourth grade students at SDN Inpres Samili.

Language is a communication tool in the form of a system of sound symbols produced from human speech. Changes in meaning in Indonesian can be classified into five as follows: widening meaning change, narrowing meaning change, refining meaning change, roughening meaning change and total change. This research uses a qualitative method, which is characterized by descriptive analysis. The data is sourced from the Instagram platform with the collection technique through the note-taking method.  After the data is collected, the data is processed, reducing data, presenting data and making conclusions based on the information that has been obtained. Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that there are 5 types of word meaning changes found on the Instagram social media platform. The five types of meaning changes include widespread/generalized meaning changes, narrowed/specialized meaning changes, refined/euphemia meaning changes, coarsening/dysfemia meaning changes and total meaning changes. The changes in meaning found on the Instagram social media platform are 29 words that experience changes in meaning with 16 words that experience changes in widespread meaning, 3 words that experience changes in narrow meaning, 4 words that experience changes in refinement meaning, 3 words that experience changes in coarsening meaning, and 3 words that experience changes in meaning in total

Language is a communication tool in the form of a system of sound symbols produced from human speech. Changes in meaning in Indonesian can be classified into five as follows: widening meaning change, narrowing meaning change, refining meaning change, roughening meaning change and total change. This research uses a qualitative method, which is characterized by descriptive analysis. The data is sourced from the Instagram platform with the collection technique through the note-taking method.  After the data is collected, the data is processed, reducing data, presenting data and making conclusions based on the information that has been obtained. Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that there are 5 types of word meaning changes found on the Instagram social media platform. The five types of meaning changes include widespread/generalized meaning changes, narrowed/specialized meaning changes, refined/euphemia meaning changes, coarsening/dysfemia meaning changes and total meaning changes. The changes in meaning found on the Instagram social media platform are 29 words that experience changes in meaning with 16 words that experience changes in widespread meaning, 3 words that experience changes in narrow meaning, 4 words that experience changes in refinement meaning, 3 words that experience changes in coarsening meaning, and 3 words that experience changes in meaning in total