Ilmu Manajemen Modern: Telaah Epistemologi Sains dan Implikasinya terhadap Pengembangan Praktik Organisasi

This study discusses the epistemological foundations of modern management science in the context of increasingly dynamic scientific and technological developmentsthat require organisations to adapt tothe complexity of environmental changes. This study aims to explainhow the epistemology of science shapes the structure of managerial knowledge,influences how organisations understand reality, and determines the effectiveness ofdecision-making in dealing with contemporary issues. The researchuses a qualitative method based on conceptual literature studies withthematic content analysis to examine philosophical works, management theories,and relevant previous research. The findings show that the epistemology of science plays an important role in developing amore reflective, adaptive, and contextual management framework. The integration of empiricism,rationalism, and constructivism enriches the way organisations buildknowledge, interpret social dynamics, and formulate strategies that are responsiveto uncertainty. Furthermore, the research found that the dominance of the positivistic paradigm in management studies has led to limitationsin capturing the moral, social, and interpretative dimensions inherent inorganisational practices, thus necessitating a more pluralistic and inclusive epistemological approach. The implications of the research emphasise the importance of strengthening scientific attitudes, utilising expert judgement, and the role of creativity and imaginationin generating managerial innovation. This study recommends thedevelopment of a management curriculum that incorporates epistemological perspectives and theestablishment of an organisational knowledge system that combinesevidence-based practices and practical wisdom. A more integrative epistemological approachis believed to be capable of increasing the relevance of management science and providing a strategic contributionto organisations in facing the challenges of the modern era.