This study focuses on examining the comparison between the principles of general criminal law and military law applied in the justice system, through a comparative method with a normative juridical approach used as a comparative identification process of the two legal systems which includes the process of examination, trial, sentencing and consideration of legal principles. The difference in nature between general criminal law and military law is that general criminal law (Commune delicta) which anyone can carry out, is the opposite of Military Law as a special crime (Delicta proparia) which can only be carried out by certain people, in this case by a military man. Based on a literature study to see the principles of implementing the two laws, this study aims to show how the comparison of the two systems is applied, reviewing aspects of Human Rights, Justice and Legal Certainty in the legal justice system in Indonesia.

The Medan Grand Mosque is an example of a combination of colonial and Islamic architecture in North Sumatra. Built during the Dutch colonial rule, the mosque combines elements of distinctive Western architectural design and Islamic architectural styles, creating a unique and historic work. The existence of the Medan Grand Mosque makes it an architectural icon in the region which reflects the combination of strong colonial influences with the richness of local islamic culture. This article aims to explore the development of the architecture of this mosque as a symbol of religious and cultural identity in the midst of the colonization process, as well as its role in the history of urban development in Medan. Through this study, it is hoped that we can better understand how the Medan Grand Mosque not only functions as a place of worship, but also as a visual symbol that depicts the interaction between local traditions, Islam, and the influence of colonial architecture in North Sumatra.
 

As a maritime country, Indonesia has the opportunity to ensure security and realize Indonesia as the world's maritime axis to make Indonesian waters a safe area in the future so that it can reduce the significant impact of external conflicts that occur outside Indonesian waters itself. This paper aims to analyze and explain how Indonesia's maritime policy during President Joko Widodo's 2 periods (2014-2024) indirectly minimizes and protects Indonesia from the crucial impact of the China-Philippines tension conflict in the Indo-Pacific. The study uses a qualitative method, where data collection comes from observations and literature reviews from journals, case studies, and previous research. Therefore, the policy strategy of the World Maritime Axis from Indonesia is also one of the policies so that it can carry out the principle of one paddle, two three islands is exceeded, and it is hoped that President Joko Widodo's policies during his leadership can make the Indonesian Maritime Axis more realized and always maintained from external problems that occur, such as maritime disputes.
 
 

This study aims to analyze language errors in President Jokowi's speech at the Gerindra Party Cadre Assembly. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the research examines language use from phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic aspects. The data source is a speech video uploaded by the Metro TV YouTube account. Data collection used observation methods with note-taking techniques. The research findings reveal various language errors, including phoneme errors, use of non-standard words, pronunciation mistakes, morphological errors in prefix, suffix, and confix usage, as well as syntactic and semantic errors. Nevertheless, the speech remains comprehensible, demonstrating relatively good communication skills.

This study aims to describe: (1) types of errors in the use of Indonesian language which include errors in spelling, word choice, sentence structure, and paragraph structure; (2) factors causing errors in observation reports of grade VIII students at SMPN 6 Rajadesa; and (3) efforts made to overcome these language errors. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a content analysis approach to samples in the form of observation reports from 3 grade VIII students of SMPN 2 Rajadesa. The results of the study show that: First, the forms of language errors found include errors in spelling, choice of diction, sentence structure, and paragraph structure. Second, factors causing language errors in the report include students' lack of understanding of language rules, inaccuracy when writing, low motivation in writing, and limited student vocabulary. Third, efforts made to correct language errors in this observation report include the application of writing learning with a process approach, increasing understanding of language rules through reading activities, and increasing writing practice for students.

This study aims to analyze the role of human relations in developing effective communication in the workplace. Effective communication is one of the most important factors in an organization's success, which depends not only on technical skills, but also on the quality of interpersonal relationships between team members and managers. Healthy human relations, which involve respectful interactions, building trust, and open communication, can support the achievement of organizational goals by creating a more productive and harmonious environment. This research method uses a qualitative approach with literature analysis and literature review techniques to identify relevant theories and previous research results regarding the relationship between individuals in the workplace and their impact on organizational communication. Data sources are taken from various scientific articles, books, and journals that discuss topics about organizational communication, human relations, and work psychology. The results of this study show that positive interpersonal relationships in the workplace play a crucial role in creating effective communication. Employees who feel valued and supported by their colleagues and employers tend to be more open to communicating information, providing constructive feedback, and collaborating efficiently. Conversely, interpersonal tension or poor communication can lead to miscommunication, conflict, and decreased productivity. The research also highlights the importance of communication training and interpersonal relationship management as part of organizational development to create a better work environment and support long-term success.

This community service project aims to design the Al-Qur'an Education Park (TPQ) at the At-Taqwa Mosque, Kebon Batur Village, Demak, to provide facilities that support religious education for local children. The At-Taqwa Mosque was chosen as the location because it plays an important role in religious development in the area, but currently still has limited facilities to support adequate TPQ activities. Through a participatory approach involving the local community, discussions, field observations, and designs based on educational building standards were carried out. The result of this activity is a safe, functional, and environmentally friendly TPQ design, which is expected to be a guideline for the development of sustainable religious education facilities.

In learning Mandarin, there are four fundamental skills that students must master: writing, reading, speaking, and listening. Writing skills are taught from the first semester to the sixth semester through courses such as ??????? ch?jí hàny? xi?zuò shàng (Basic Mandarin Writing I) to ??????? g?ojí hàny? xi?zuò xià (Advanced Mandarin Writing II), which focus on writing practice. Additionally, ?? hànzì material is also taught in the course ?????xiàndài hàny? shàng (Modern Mandarin I), but the emphasis is more on theoretical aspects. In this course, students learn about the origins and development of Hanzi characters currently in use, including the methods of character formation. The course ?????xiàndài hàny? shàng focuses on three main topics: ??y?y?n (Phonology), ?? wénzì (Characters), and ??cíhuì (Vocabulary). The reference book used, ???? xiàndài hàny? (Modern Mandarin), is written entirely in Mandarin without translations. This is one of the reasons why the researcher aims to develop teaching materials on ?? hànzì (Hanzi) for the ????? xiàndài hàny? shàng course, aligning them with the intended learning outcomes and the course duration. These three main topics must be covered within one semester.

Coffee serves as a vital agricultural product in Madiun Regency, particularly flourishing on the slopes of Mount Wilis in the Kare District. Presently, approximately 55 hectares of land in this region are dedicated to coffee cultivation, primarily managed by a local farmer group. The predominant variety cultivated in Kare is high-quality robusta, which thrives at an elevation of 700 meters above sea level, making it particularly well-suited for this type of coffee. Known locally as Kare coffee or Wilis coffee, this product is distinctive due to its unique flavor profile, which sets it apart from other Indonesian coffees, as it is exclusively sourced from the slopes of Mount Wilis. All coffee sold under this label is cultivated and processed by the Mugi Lestari farmer group, which faces significant competition in the local and national coffee markets, prompting them to seek broader marketing opportunities. However, the increasing demand for coffee necessitates that farmers in Kare Village enhance their skills in production management to ensure that their coffee not only improves their livelihoods but also empowers them economically. The challenges encountered by these farmers include a lack of understanding regarding the significance of effective production management for enhancing product competitiveness and the absence of training or support to bolster their human resource capabilities. Additionally, the low wages and income levels of coffee farmers in Kare Village hinder their ability to address these issues independently, underscoring the need for targeted assistance and training in coffee production management. In response to these challenges, the Community Service Team proposes a comprehensive solution that includes socialization, counseling, and support focused on the effective management of Kare Coffee production

This research examines the impact of the over-tourism phenomenon on the sustainability of customary law communities in Bali Province, Indonesia. Bali, as one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world, has experienced a significant surge in the number of tourists in the last few decades. This phenomenon triggers various problems, including pressure on the environment, socio-cultural changes, and threats to the sustainability of traditional communities that have long maintained local traditions and values. This research finds that increased tourism has a negative impact on the sustainability of local ecosystems, reduces the traditional practices of indigenous communities, and threatens the local wisdom that is the basis of their cultural identity. This research highlights the need for tourism management strategies that are more sustainable and sensitive to local culture to protect the sustainability of traditional communities in Bali. Therefore, this research offers a new perspective on preserving traditional legal communities in Bali through a tourism management approach that is centered on local values, which has not been widely discussed in previous studies.