A Limited Liability Company (LLC) plays a pivotal role in the economic landscape, with the General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS) being one of its most vital organs. The GMS serves as a forum for making strategic decisions, overseeing company performance, and ensuring transparency and accountability. This study investigates the legal implications for companies, specifically PT. Pitala Gunawan Raya, that neglect to convene GMS as required by the Limited Liability Company Law. Using normative legal research with statute and case approaches, the study identifies gaps in the regulatory framework that need addressing to strengthen corporate governance and economic growth.

The use of the internet is not only limited to utilizing information that can be accessed via social media, but can also be used as a means to carry out trade transactions that have been introduced in Indonesia, namely e-commerce. In e-commerce transactions in cyberspace, it is possible for disputes to occur, just like disputes that occur in a conventional legal relationship. The more numerous and extensive trading activities and e-commerce transactions, the higher the frequency of disputes and this means that there will be many disputes that must be resolved. One of the payments in e-commerce is COD (Cash On Delivery) which is made on the spot after the order from the courier is received by the buyer. In fact, there have been several cases that have resulted in losses felt by the seller in a buying and selling transaction via e-commerce. How to alternatively resolve consumer disputes through an out-of-court settlement process, and how to provide legal protection for consumers and business actors.
 
 

The dynamics of legal politics in resolving conflicts through mediation in Indonesia. The mediation process is an alternative dispute resolution that is increasingly popular in Indonesia, both in the context of civil and socio-political conflicts. This research aims to analyze the role of mediation in resolving conflicts as well as the impact of legal politics involved in this process. Mediation in Indonesia often involves political factors that influence the course of the process, both from the government, judicial institutions and other related parties. In this study, the author examines various cases of successful and failed mediation, and explores how political intervention can strengthen or hinder the effectiveness of mediation. The research results show that although mediation offers a peaceful solution, political dynamics are often an obstacle that needs to be considered in optimizing this route as a means of resolving disputes. This paper is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities of mediation in the Indonesian legal system.

Autonomous mobile robot navigation integrates localization, mapping, and path planning to enable effective operation in complex environments. This study compares a modified Q-learning algorithm with a Deep Q-Network (DQN) in a simulated gym environment, focusing on convergence speed, success rate, and computational efficiency. The modified Q-learning algorithm converged after 44 episodes, outperforming the DQN, which required 400 episodes. It achieved a success rate of 69.6% with a cumulative reward that surpassed the DQN in fewer episodes, while completing simulations in just 9 minutes compared to 400 minutes for the DQN. These results demonstrate the modified Q-learning’s efficiency in addressing the exploration-exploitation trade-off and navigating complex environments. This study highlights the potential of the modified Q-learning algorithm for real-world applications in robotics and autonomous navigation, providing a foundation for future research in intelligent path planning

This study aims to analyze whether court decisions in drug abuse cases are based on Indonesia's principles of justice and human rights. This study is important to conduct because there are quite significant differences in the sanctions received by perpetrators of drug crimes, giving rise to the perception that judges are inconsistent in providing fair decisions for perpetrators of drug crimes. In their decisions, judges often ignore the principles of human rights to provide a deterrent effect to perpetrators of drug crimes. Hence, the assumption arises that judges in many cases discriminate against defendants of drug crimes. This study uses a normative legal approach and case studies to examine the case submitted in decision number 1041/Pid.Sus/2024/PN.Sby. Based on these findings, the judge attempts to uphold a fair decision by imposing a sentence commensurate with the error and considering the economic ability of the perpetrator to pay the fine, with the option of additional imprisonment for six months if unable to pay. This decision approach aims to uphold the principles of human rights.
Keywords: Drug Abuse; Human Rights; Principle of Justice

This research aims to analyze the legal vacuum in the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (UU ITE) related to the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) in Indonesia in the context of deepfake. This research is motivated by the existence of several regulations on AI, these regulations are not sufficient to regulate thoroughly, especially regarding the technical aspects, implementation, and supervision of AI. So, the study to further analyze the urgency of reformulating the ITE Law due to the absence of specific regulations that are able to close the legal vacuum related to deepfake. The reformulation of the ITE Law is an urgent need to address the threat of deepfake, an AI-based content manipulation technology that is increasingly prevalent in Indonesia, deepfake creates manipulative content without the victim's consent, causing psychological harm, social stigma, and serious challenges in privacy and security. This research is included in normative juridical writing using a statutory approach through analysis of laws and derivative regulations and a comparative approach through analysis of the EU AI Act and China's regulations to provide reformulation suggestions. The results show that there is a legal vacuum that has not specifically regulated AI, which risks the misuse of technology and hampers legal certainty. Comparing the EU and China AI Acts, key findings include the need to adopt the basic principles of the EU AI Act, such as transparency, security, and fairness, as well as risk classification for AI systems. The current AI Act does not regulate important aspects such as labeling, reporting mechanisms, and supervision of high risks in AI systems, and it is recommended to establish a supervisory body responsible for AI risk management.



Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menganalisis kekosongan hukum dalam Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) terkait regulasi kecerdasan buatan (AI) di Indonesia dalam konteks deepfake. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dengan adanya beberapa aturan tentang AI, regulasi ini belum cukup mengatur secara menyeluruh, terutama terkait aspek teknis, pelaksanaan, dan pengawasan AI. Maka, pengkajian untuk menganalsis lebih lanjut atas urgensi reformulasi UU ITE dikarenakan belum adanya peraturan spesifik yang mampu menutup kekosongan hukum terkait deepfake. Reformulasi UU ITE menjadi kebutuhan mendesak untuk mengatasi ancaman deepfake, teknologi manipulasi konten berbasis AI yang semakin marak di Indonesia, deepfake menciptakan konten manipulatif tanpa persetujuan korban, sehingga menimbulkan kerugian psikologis, stigma sosial, dan tantangan serius dalam privasi serta keamanan. Adapun penelitian ini termasuk ke dalam penulisan yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan pendekatan perundang-undangan melalui analisis undang-undang dan peraturan turunannya dan pendekatan komparasi melalui analisis pengaturan EU AI Act dan China untuk memberikan saran reformulasi. Hasilnya menunjukkan adanya kekosongan hukum yang belum mengatur AI secara spesifik, yang berisiko pada penyalahgunaan teknologi dan menghambat kepastian hukum. Maka dengan membandingkan pengaturan EU dan China AI Act, temuan utama mencakup kebutuhan untuk mengadopsi prinsip-prinsip dasar dari EU AI Act, seperti transparansi, keamanan, dan keadilan, serta klasifikasi risiko untuk sistem AI. UU ITE saat ini belum mengatur aspek-aspek penting seperti labelling, mekanisme pelaporan, dan pengawasan terhadap risiko tinggi dalam sistem AI, serta disarankan untuk membentuk badan pengawas yang bertanggung jawab atas pengelolaan risiko AI.

In Indonesia, the Village Head Election is the implementation of people’s sovereignty to choose village heads in a direct, public, free, confidential, honest, and just manner as stated in Regulation of the Minister of Internal Affairs No. 27 of 2020. This paper aims to analyze deviant behavior in the Village Head Elections that may bring harm to other people that involve the role of supernatural beings committed by Village Head Election participants. The importance of learning magic for the Village Head Election includes: (1) to influence the opinion of society who have suffrage rights; (2) to manipulate the obtainment of votes; (3) to make other Village Head Election participants die and/or sick; and (4) to influence the opinion of Village Head Election organizers. This paper employed the juridical empirical research method in the field of the legal anthropology scientific discipline. It used the behavioral approach. This paper aims to understand how mystical practices may influence election results that should ideally be carried out in a just and honest manner as well as to increase awareness of the risk of unethical behavior in the election process. Results showed that mystical things are always closely related to the culture of the Indonesian nation from era to era, including in its political culture. It can be seen that in every leadership of national figures, mystical activities are practiced. Contestants will visit shamans by sending voodoo to their political opponents so that they can win the political contestation. Apart from that, there are those who carry out rituals that are believed to be effective as a way to win the contestation in the political realm. The novelty of this research is that authors not only analyze the magical aspect of the Village Head Elections but also how magic is believed and implemented at the national level. The implication of this case is that it is rather difficult to prove magical cases. Thus, it leads to the occurrence of widespread suspicion among all parties.

Competition for new student admissions in schools across Indonesia has recently become a topic of considerable interest. A school's strategy in implementing the New Student Admission Program (PPDB) is one of the key factors determining the success of its marketing efforts. In reality, inadequate PPDB strategies often prove detrimental to some schools. SD Muhammadiyah 1 Ngaglik is one example of an elementary school that has successfully executed its PPDB with the right strategy. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the PPDB strategy at SD Muhammadiyah 1 Ngaglik. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. The study was conducted at SD Muhammadiyah 1 Ngaglik during the 2024 PPDB period. The research data sources include the school principal, the PPDB coordinator, three PPDB committee members, and three parents of new students. Data collection techniques involve interviews, observations, and documentation using interview guidelines, observation guides, and documentation checklists. The triangulation method applied includes data source triangulation reinforced by technique triangulation. The findings of this study reveal that: 1) The PPDB strategy at SD Muhammadiyah 1 Ngaglik begins with the planning stage, which includes environmental analysis, collaboration planning, determining the PPDB committee, and planning for printed and digital promotions as well as funding, 2) The implementation stage involves signing Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) with kindergartens, organizing supporting activities, and promoting the program through print and digital media, 3) Monitoring the implementation of PPDB is carried out through regular meetings to discuss achievements, challenges, and solutions, 4) Evaluation is conducted to assess the success of the PPDB, including evaluation meetings, planning for the next year's PPDB, and follow-up actions.
 

The world of business and industry (DUDI) is currently experiencing a significant transformation due to the influence of technology, this is characterized by machines replacing human labor or what is often known as the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Vocational High Schools (SMK) as providers of Human Resources who are ready to work have big challenges. Based on the results of observations made on the competence of Office Management and Business Services Vocational Schools in Salatiga, Boyolali and Surakarta, there is one subject in Automation and Financial Governance that still uses conventional calculations. Based on the above background, this research focuses on developing web-based petty cash learning media as a technological innovation to answer the needs of human resources who master technology. The research method used is R&D (Research and Development) which starts from the analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation stages. The research results show that the web-based petty cash system is suitable for use. The Feasibility Test showed that information systems experts got a final score of 4.67, material and content experts got a final score of 4.35, and learning media experts got a final score of 4.67. So it can be said that in terms of system, material, content and learning media, the petty cash system as a learning media in vocational schools is "worth using". The results of responses from teacher practitioners show high interest in the application being developed and it is hoped that it will be able to facilitate the learning process on technology-based petty cash material. It is hoped that the resulting system can be used as a learning medium in vocational schools, especially in office management and business service skills competencies. However, further research needs to be carried out to be able to measure the effectiveness of the petty cash system being developed.

The research aims to explore improving the quality of education through infrastructure in the 5.0 era. Preparing educational facilities and infrastructure is critical to maintaining them properly and appropriately, especially in this 5.0 era. All school officials must maintain facilities and infrastructure well, including principals, teaching staff, and students. If educational facilities and infrastructure in schools are maintained properly and correctly, of course, the impact will be on the quality of education. This research used a qualitative descriptive method by explaining what underlies the results obtained by compiling the data or information the researcher has collected with the final results in written form. Data collection techniques are done through interviews, observation, and documentation. The research results show that the efforts made by schools are to improve the quality of education through 5.0-era infrastructure. Namely by doing: 1). Planning educational facilities and infrastructure through needs analysis by analyzing the financing that must be covered, adjusting the quality of facilities and infrastructure, 2). Inventory, 3). Settings, 4). Maintenance, 5). Removal through the deletion procedure. 6) Providing training to educators and education staff in using existing facilities so that they are maintained and function as they should.