JULR - JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW - Vol. 7 Issue. 3 (2024)

Reformulasi UU ITE terhadap Artificial Intelligence Dibandingkan dengan Uni Eropa dan China AI Act Regulation

Adnasohn Aqilla Respati,

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the legal vacuum in the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (UU ITE) related to the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) in Indonesia in the context of deepfake. This research is motivated by the existence of several regulations on AI, these regulations are not sufficient to regulate thoroughly, especially regarding the technical aspects, implementation, and supervision of AI. So, the study to further analyze the urgency of reformulating the ITE Law due to the absence of specific regulations that are able to close the legal vacuum related to deepfake. The reformulation of the ITE Law is an urgent need to address the threat of deepfake, an AI-based content manipulation technology that is increasingly prevalent in Indonesia, deepfake creates manipulative content without the victim's consent, causing psychological harm, social stigma, and serious challenges in privacy and security. This research is included in normative juridical writing using a statutory approach through analysis of laws and derivative regulations and a comparative approach through analysis of the EU AI Act and China's regulations to provide reformulation suggestions. The results show that there is a legal vacuum that has not specifically regulated AI, which risks the misuse of technology and hampers legal certainty. Comparing the EU and China AI Acts, key findings include the need to adopt the basic principles of the EU AI Act, such as transparency, security, and fairness, as well as risk classification for AI systems. The current AI Act does not regulate important aspects such as labeling, reporting mechanisms, and supervision of high risks in AI systems, and it is recommended to establish a supervisory body responsible for AI risk management.



Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menganalisis kekosongan hukum dalam Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) terkait regulasi kecerdasan buatan (AI) di Indonesia dalam konteks deepfake. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dengan adanya beberapa aturan tentang AI, regulasi ini belum cukup mengatur secara menyeluruh, terutama terkait aspek teknis, pelaksanaan, dan pengawasan AI. Maka, pengkajian untuk menganalsis lebih lanjut atas urgensi reformulasi UU ITE dikarenakan belum adanya peraturan spesifik yang mampu menutup kekosongan hukum terkait deepfake. Reformulasi UU ITE menjadi kebutuhan mendesak untuk mengatasi ancaman deepfake, teknologi manipulasi konten berbasis AI yang semakin marak di Indonesia, deepfake menciptakan konten manipulatif tanpa persetujuan korban, sehingga menimbulkan kerugian psikologis, stigma sosial, dan tantangan serius dalam privasi serta keamanan. Adapun penelitian ini termasuk ke dalam penulisan yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan pendekatan perundang-undangan melalui analisis undang-undang dan peraturan turunannya dan pendekatan komparasi melalui analisis pengaturan EU AI Act dan China untuk memberikan saran reformulasi. Hasilnya menunjukkan adanya kekosongan hukum yang belum mengatur AI secara spesifik, yang berisiko pada penyalahgunaan teknologi dan menghambat kepastian hukum. Maka dengan membandingkan pengaturan EU dan China AI Act, temuan utama mencakup kebutuhan untuk mengadopsi prinsip-prinsip dasar dari EU AI Act, seperti transparansi, keamanan, dan keadilan, serta klasifikasi risiko untuk sistem AI. UU ITE saat ini belum mengatur aspek-aspek penting seperti labelling, mekanisme pelaporan, dan pengawasan terhadap risiko tinggi dalam sistem AI, serta disarankan untuk membentuk badan pengawas yang bertanggung jawab atas pengelolaan risiko AI.