The exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) introduces a multitude of security challenges, as a vast number of connected devices often operate with inadequate protection measures. This vulnerability heightens the risk of cyberattacks, data breaches, and hacking, exposing systems and sensitive information to increased threats. Ensuring security in the IoT ecosystem while considering this rapidly expanding technology's physical limitations and specific requirements is a complex task. This article comprehensively analyzes the primary vulnerabilities and risks associated with IoT, exploring innovative strategies and effective solutions to strengthen its security framework. The article highlights the critical role of secure device authentication, data encryption, regular updates, and continuous monitoring by addressing the intricacies of communication protocols and emphasizing the need for standardization. Ultimately, this work advocates for a holistic approach to IoT security, where robust, adaptable solutions are developed to safeguard against the evolving landscape of cyber threats.

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum) are a popular spice vegetable cultivated in Indonesia, ranging from lowlands to highlands. Their demand continues to grow as they are an essential kitchen commodity, although their prices often fluctuate. This research aimed to examine the disease symptoms in shallot plants caused by pathogenic fungi and to identify the types of pathogenic fungi present on agricultural land in Bangsalan Village, Boyolali Regency. The study consisted of three blocks, each containing 12 plots, and each plot comprising 15 plants. From each plot, five plants were randomly selected as samples. This qualitative research utilized observational and descriptive methods, where symptoms observed in the field were described and identified based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Macroscopic identification revealed symptoms such as wilting, rot, and spots on both leaves and tubers. Microscopic identification confirmed infections by the fungi Colletotrichum sp. (causing anthracnose), Fusarium spp., and Aspergillus sp. on shallots. The findings from this study provide valuable recommendations for managing shallot diseases in subsequent planting seasons if similar symptoms are observed.

Alphitobius diaperinus is a well-known insect pest in broiler farms. Larvae and adults of A. diaperinus act as disease vectors for poultry, and their presence has the potential to increase the risk of carcass contamination in slaughterhouses. Chemical insecticide control is still considered ineffective and environmentally unfriendly. Plant-based insecticide formulations offer a more environmentally friendly approach to pest control compared to chemical insecticides. The ethanol extract of Gamal leaves was tested on the darkling beetle A. diaperinus to determine its insecticidal activity. Five pairs of A. diaperinus were treated at five levels of extract concentration and then maintained in an insect container with wheat bran (pollard) food for 5 weeks. The insecticidal efficacy was measured based on the difference in mortality in the toxicity test and the reproductive ability of adult A. diaperinus by counting the number of larvae produced during the rearing period. The results showed that differences in extract concentrations significantly affected toxicity and the number of larvae produced. The more concentrated the extract, the higher the insect mortality, with the estimated LC50 value of the extract being 20.80% concentration within 72 hours. Reproductive ability showed that the higher the concentration of the extract, causing a decrease in the number of larvae produced, with the optimum concentration found in the 80% treatment. Thus, Gamal leaf extract has potential as a botanical insecticide for biological control of A. diaperinus pest.

Mangroves on Bengkalis Island experienced a decline between 2000 and 2019. This decrease in mangrove forest area was caused by anthropogenic activities and natural factors, such as coastal erosion. The objective of this study is to assess the current condition of mangroves on Bengkalis Island, Riau, Indonesia. The research was conducted in March 2024 across four rivers on Bengkalis Island, with each river containing three research stations: upstream, midstream, and downstream. Data collection involved capturing aerial photos of mangroves using drones over 100 m x 100 m. The photos were analyzed using the supervised image classification method to identify and assess mangrove land cover. A total of 11 mangrove species were identified along the rivers. The most widely distributed species across all locations were Rhizophora apiculata and Xylocarpus granatum. Canopy cover at all research sites was classified as dense, with coverage exceeding 75%. This study provides crucial information about the condition of mangroves on Bengkalis Island, serving as a guideline for future restoration efforts.

The study investigated technological motivation and perception of secondary school students in English language since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in Osun State. The study is a descriptive study; a sample of 400 students from Osogbo and Olorunda, Osun Central, Osun State formed the participants for the study. The instrument for data collections was questionnaire and reliability level was 0.78. Data collected were analyzed descriptive statistics (frequency count and simple percentages), t-test and correlation. The findings of the study revealed that secondary school students perceived the roles of technological in English language since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in Osun State as it is easy to use, it save time, develop interest in learning, provides communication medium for information, promote individual learning and it promote active learning. Projector, public address, multimedia software, interactive board, computer, scanner and printer are the technology facilities available for students use since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic while others like internet facilities, media player, Learning Management System (LMS), zoom and google classroom are not available for use. The study of the findings revealed the challenges encountered by students while using technology facilities as a motivator since the outbreak of covid-19 pandemic as ICT software is not readily available, insufficient number of ICT, insufficient technical support from ICT, absence of constant electricity, amongst others and there is no significant difference in the frequency use of technology facilities as a motivator between public and private secondary schools in Osun State. The following recommendation were made such as: the ministry of education and local government education authority should provide computers, internet and other ICT tools in all the government own schools so as to encourage teachers use of ICTs, employers of teachers should give sufficient technical skills to their employees on ICT tools, teachers training institutions like institutes of education, colleges of education, National Teachers Institutes and so on should make ICTs course compulsory for all the teachers under training to make them familiar with the use of ICTs in teaching and learning.

This research aims to analyze the relationship of diyat with the application of the death penalty and diyat as a substitute for the death penalty in Indonesia. The death penalty in Indonesia is regulated in criminal law legislation in general (lex generali) or called the Criminal Code (KUHP), as well as in several criminal laws outside the Criminal Code or special criminal laws (lex specialis). This research method uses normative juridical research with a legislative approach and comparative law. The results of the study explain that the existence of the death penalty is not necessarily approved by all groups of people in Indonesia. There are those who think that the death penalty is contrary to the existing constitution. In fact, for the first time, the issue of the death penalty was submitted before the Constitutional Court (MK), because it was considered contrary to the 1945 Constitution, namely contrary to the right to life guaranteed under Article 28I paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution. This is as stated in the judicial review of the death penalty carried out against several death row inmates who committed narcotics offenses based on Law No. 22 of 1997 concerning Narcotics. In Indonesia, the majority of its citizens are Muslims. Countries where the majority of people are Muslims obey Islamic law as part of their legal system, where all behavior from all aspects of human endeavor and law becomes the subject of Islamic law, namely Sharia. Thus it becomes clear that the Indonesian people, the majority of whose population is Muslim, deserve to know more about the Islamic legal system including its criminal law.


Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganlisis relasi diyat dengan penerapan hukuman mati dan diyat t sebagai pengganti hukuman mati di Indonesia. Hukuman mati di Indonesia diatur dalam peraturan perundangan-undangan hukum pidana secara umum (lex generali) atau yang disebut Kitab Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP), maupun dibeberapa peraturan perundangundangan pidana di luar KUHP atau peraturan perundang-undangan pidana secara khusus (lex specialis). Metode penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis normative dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan perbandingan hukum. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan Eksistensi hukuman mati tersebut tidak serta merta disetujui oleh seluruh kelompok masyarakat di Indonesia. Ada yang beranggapan bahwa hukuman mati bertentangan dengan konstitusi yang ada. Bahkan, untuk pertama kalinya permasalahan hukuman mati diajukan di hadapan Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK), karena dianggap bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, yaitu bertentangan dengan hak hidup yang dijamin berdasarkan Pasal 28I ayat (1) UUD 1945. Hal ini seperti tertera dalam Uji materil (judicial review) hukuman mati tersebut dilakukan terhadap beberapa terpidana mati yang melakukan tindak pidana narkotika berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 22 Tahun 1997 Tentang Narkotika. Indonesia mayoritas warga negaranya adalah pemeluk agama Islam. Negara-negara yang mayoritas masyarakatnya beragama Islam mentaati hukum Islam sebagai dari sistem hukum mereka, dimana seluruh perikelakuan dari seluruh aspek usaha manusia dan hukum menjadi subjek hukum Islam, yaitu Syariah. Dengan demikian menjadi jelaslah bahwa bangsa Indonesia yang mayoritas penduduknya beragama Islam, pantas mengenal lebih jauh tentang sistem hukum Islam termasuk hukum pidananya.

Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic caused educational institutions to temporarily suspend face-to-face classes. This led university lecturers to immediately shift to work from home mode in teaching students and collaborating with colleagues which made them adjust their work routine into online mode. Since this phenomenon entailed unique experiences based on the context of lecturer and students, this study aims to know the role of media and information communication technologies on the work from home experiences of a university lecturer during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Methods: A case study of a university lecturer was conducted through a written interview. Questions that solicit information on feelings about working from home, descriptions of the tasks needed to do in a usual day of a lecturer working online, and challenges encountered in teaching during the pandemic. Codes, categories and themes were generated in the data analysis.

Findings: Results reveal that home was perceived as a comfort zone for the university lecturer during the time of pandemic. The use of social media, email, and video conferencing platforms were based on three aspects: (1) the intention for communication; (2) the importance of materials involved, and (3) the assessment of fitness to work context.

Originality: This project provides understanding of lived experiences of a university lecturer during the Covid-19 pandemic and how technology plays a role in teaching and learning based on the context of their uses. The piece can be used as a scaffolding of future studies that intends to look at emerging relationships between humans and technology.

This research aims to analyze the use of the right of inquiry by the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) in Indonesia's state governance, particularly in overseeing infrastructure development in Sleman Regency. The urgency of this research lies in the need to strengthen the supervisory function of the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) to ensure the effectiveness and transparency of regional development. The novelty of this research focuses on optimizing the role of the DPRD through a normative juridical approach and an in-depth analysis of the implementation of oversight functions involving the right of inquiry. This research uses a normative juridical method by examining legislation, literature, and empirical data related to the implementation of the DPRD's supervisory function. The research results show that the DPRD's oversight of infrastructure development in Sleman Regency has been effective, supported by adequate regulations, the commitment of DPRD members, as well as budgetary support, and the enhancement of human resource capacity through training. In addition, the harmonious relationship between the DPRD and the executive, as well as community participation, also strengthens the oversight. This research concludes that the optimization of the DPRD's supervisory function can be achieved through preventive and repressive oversight, both directly and indirectly, as well as across sectors. With effective oversight, it is hoped that development in Sleman Regency can proceed more transparently, accountably, and in accordance with the needs of the community without deviations that harm the state.




Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan hak angket Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD) dalam tata kelola negara Indonesia, khususnya dalam pengawasan pembangunan infrastruktur di Kabupaten Sleman. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada perlunya memperkuat fungsi pengawasan DPRD untuk memastikan efektivitas dan transparansi pembangunan daerah. Kebaruan penelitian ini terfokus pada optimalisasi peran DPRD melalui pendekatan yuridis normatif dan analisis mendalam terhadap implementasi fungsi pengawasan yang melibatkan hak angket. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan menelaah peraturan perundang-undangan, literatur, dan data empiris terkait pelaksanaan fungsi pengawasan DPRD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengawasan DPRD terhadap pembangunan infrastruktur di Kabupaten Sleman telah berjalan baik, didukung oleh regulasi yang memadai, komitmen anggota DPRD, serta dukungan anggaran dan peningkatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia melalui pelatihan. Selain itu, hubungan harmonis antara DPRD dan eksekutif serta partisipasi masyarakat turut memperkuat pengawasan.Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa optimalisasi fungsi pengawasan DPRD dapat dicapai melalui pengawasan preventif dan represif, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, serta lintas sektor. Dengan pengawasan yang efektif, diharapkan pembangunan di Kabupaten Sleman dapat berjalan lebih transparan, akuntabel, dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat tanpa penyimpangan yang merugikan negara.

Indonesian continues to evolve along with social, cultural, and technological dynamics, producing new vocabulary that requires systematic documentation. This research aims to identify the role of intern students at the Balai Bahasa Sumatra Utara in proposing entries for the 6th edition of the online Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language (KBBI). Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The research results show that interns made significant contributions to the lemma proposal process, which included data collection, linguistic analysis, and recommendation drafting. A total of 200 entries from the fields of physics, law, chemistry, and psychology were successfully proposed. The main findings include (1) a collaborative process between students, experts, and KBBI editors that supports the validity of lemmas; (2) contributions to the documentation of new scientific terms; and (3) challenges, such as limited reference sources and understanding of usage contexts. This research shows that the internship program not only contributes to the development of the Indonesian language but also provides practical learning experiences for students. Recommendations are provided for strengthening the internship system and optimizing the role of students in the management of the national language.

This study aims to develop an interactive puppet learning media to enhance the interest and understanding of fourth-grade students in the Javanese language. The method used is Research and Development (R&D), which includes needs analysis, design, development, and media trials. Observational results show that students struggle with understanding Javanese vocabulary and etiquette, which affects their comprehension. The interactive puppet media is expected to serve as a solution to capture students' attention and enrich their learning experience. This media presents content visually and engagingly, facilitating the understanding of difficult concepts, and offering a more interactive learning experience. Validation from content, language, and media experts indicates that this media is suitable for use in Javanese language learning. This study is expected to improve the quality of Javanese language education in elementary schools, particularly in fourth-grade classes, and encourage students to further explore Javanese culture.