This research aims to develop functions for a line follower robot by adding the ability to detect objects in front of the robot using an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, enabling the robot to stop and avoid collisions. In addition, the robot is equipped with a smartphone control function using Bluetooth. With the ultrasonic sensor positioned at the front of the robot, it can detect the distance of objects ahead, allowing the robot to stop its wheel movement when an object is detected nearby. In addition, the integration of the HC-05 Bluetooth module into the robot's system enables wireless control of the robot's movement via Bluetooth commands sent from a smartphone application. The methods used in this research include designing the robot's hardware circuitry, programming the Arduino microcontroller, developing a smartphone application, and testing the robot's performance in various scenarios. The results of the tests show that the robot can accurately follow the designated path, stop when an obstacle is detected in front of it, and respond to commands from the smartphone. The additional features implemented in this research extend the robot's functionality beyond simply following a predefined path.
 
Keywords: Bluetooth HC-05, Robot Line Follower, Smartphone Control, Ultrasonic Sensor
 
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengembangkan fitur pada robot line follower dengan penambahan fitur mendeteksi benda atau objek didepan robot menggunakan sensor ultrasonic HC-SR04 agar robot dapat berhenti dan tidak membentur objek tersebut, serta penambahan fitur control robot menggunakan smartphone menggunakan bluetooth. Dengan adanya sensor ultrasonik yang terletak pada bagian depan robot, maka robot dapat mendeteksi jarak objek yang berada didepan robot sehingga robot mampu memiliki kemampuan untuk menghentikan gerakan roda Ketika terdeteksi ada objek dekat yang berada didepan robot. Selain itu dengan adanya modul Bluetooth HC-05 yang terintegrasi dengan sistem pada robot, maka robot dapat dikendalikan arah geraknya secara nirkabel menggunakan protocol Bluetooth yang diperintahkan melalui aplikasi pada smartphone. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini meliputi perancangan rangkaian perangkat keras pada robot, pemrograman mikrokontroler Arduino, pembuatan aplikasi pada smartphone serta pengujian kinerja robot pada beberapa sekenario yang diujikan. Hasil dari pengujian yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini, menunjukan bahwa robot dapat mengikuti garis lintasan yang yang dibuat serta mampu berhenti Ketika terdapat objek yang menghalangi pergerakan robot dari sisi depan, dan robot mampu untuk perespon perintah yang dikendalikan dari smartphone. Penambahan fitur-fitur yang diberikan pada penelitian ini, menjadikan robot memiliki fungsi yang lebih dari sekedar bergerak mengikuti lintasan yang telah ada.

Muara Bungo Main Substation is one of the main substations in the working area of ??PT. PLN (Persero) UPT Jambi. This substation is located along the Sungai Binjai, Batin III District, Bungo Regency, Jambi Province. The Power Transformer 1 cubicle panel at this substation often experiences problems with insulation defects which can cause interference with electricity transmission. In this research, the transient earth voltage method is applied, which functions as a sensor to detect partial discharge signals in high voltage equipment. The sensor used to measure transient ground voltage is a capacitive sensor. This testing can be done directly (online) without disrupting operations. The measuring instrument used in partial discharge testing is the Ultra TEV Plus 2.The results of partial discharge testing using the transient earth voltage method show that most of the panels and their components, especially panel TD No. 1, in good condition. However, there is one component, namely the circuit breaker (PMT), which shows the highest partial discharge value. Tests on Palem feeder cubicles showed the highest TEV value of 12 dB and PPC of 4.62 for the PMT component. Overall, the measured TEV values ??ranged from 10 to 19 dB, and the PPC ranged from 0.5 to 6, indicating that the Palem feeder cubicles were classified as low-level PD. Based on these results, every PMT component in the field needs to be checked thoroughly and repairs planned if there are problems with the PMT material.          
 
Keywords: Circuit Breaker (PMT), Muara Bungo Substation, Partial Discharge, TEV Sensor, Ultra TEV Plus 2
 
ABSTRAK
Gardu Induk Muara Bungo adalah salah satu gardu induk dari wilayah kerja PT. PLN (Persero) UPT Jambi. Gardu ini berada di sepanjang Sungai Binjai, Kecamatan Batin III, Kabupaten Bungo, Provinsi Jambi. Panel kubikel Trafo Daya 1 di gardu ini sering mengalami masalah cacat isolasi yang bisa menyebabkan gangguan pada transmisi listrik. Dalam penelitian ini diterapkan metode transient earth voltage, yang berfungsi sebagai sensor untuk mendeteksi sinyal pelepasan sebagian pada peralatan tegangan tinggi. Sensor yang digunakan untuk mengukur tegangan tanah transien adalah sensor kapasitif. Pengujian ini dapat dilakukan secara langsung (online) tanpa mengganggu operasional. Alat ukur yang dipakai dalam pengujian pelepasan sebagian adalah Ultra TEV Plus 2. Hasil pengujian pelepasan sebagian dengan metode transient earth voltage menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar panel dan komponennya, khususnya panel TD No. 1, dalam kondisi baik. Namun, terdapat satu komponen, yaitu pemutus arus (PMT), yang menunjukkan nilai pelepasan sebagian paling tinggi. Pengujian pada kubikel penyulang Palem menunjukkan nilai TEV tertinggi sebesar 12 dB dan PPC sebesar 4,62 untuk komponen PMT. Secara keseluruhan, nilai TEV yang terukur berkisar antara 10 hingga 19 dB, dan PPC antara 0,5 hingga 6, menandakan bahwa kubikel penyulang Palem tergolong dalam kategori PD tingkat rendah. Berdasarkan hasil ini, setiap komponen PMT di lapangan perlu diperiksa secara menyeluruh dan direncanakan perbaikannya jika terdapat masalah pada material PMT.
 

This research examines the role of the Internet of Things (IoT) in enhancing transportation safety and efficiency trough a literature review approach. The study focuses on literature published between 2013 and 2023, employing thematic and bibliometric analysis to explore IoT contributions in the transportation sector. IoT has proven to significantly contribute to transportation safety, such as through the implementation of NodeMCU ESP8266 for real-time vehicle location tracking and Raspberry Pi 3 for automated traffic violation detection. These systems utilize data from sensors and cameras to enable swift decision-making in traffic management. Additionally, the use of Arduino Mega 2560 microcontrollers in IoT-based traffic light control systems can prioritize emergency vehicles such as ambulances, thereby improving transportation efficiency in congested urban areas. The role of IoT in transportation safety includes the capability to detect threats in real-time through the integration of sensors, cameras, and other IoT devices. This technology enables transportation systems to provide early warnings, prevent accidents, and enhance traffic monitoring. In terms of efficiency, IoT helps optimize resource utilization by supporting emergency vehicles and adjusting traffic patterns based on demand. Bibliometric analysis reveals a growing trend in IoT-related publications in transportation, with significant collaboration between academia and industry. The integration of technologies like machine learning and cloud computing in IoT-based transportation systems further supports operational sustainability and logistics efficiency. In the continuously evolving digital era, the implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has become a key catalyst in transforming traditional transportation systems into integrated smart ecosystems. This technology enables devices to communicate and share data in real-time, creating opportunities for faster and more accurate decision-making. This study conducts an in-depth analysis to explore the potential of IoT in addressing major transportation challenges, such as traffic congestion, delays in emergency vehicle response, and threats to vehicle security. By leveraging data-driven approaches, IoT not only enhances operational efficiency but also opens new opportunities for sustainable transportation management that supports environmentally friendly initiatives.
 
Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), NodeMCU ESP8266 Microcontroller, Fuzzy Logic,GPS
 
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini mengkaji peran Internet of Things (IoT) dalam meningkatkan keamanan dan efisiensi transportasi melalui metode studi literatur. Kajian dilakukan terhadap literatur yang diterbitkan pada rentang waktu 2013-2023, dengan pendekatan analisis tematik dan bibliometrik untuk mengeksplorasi kontribusi IoT di sektor transportasi. IoT terbukti memberikan kontribusi signifikan dalam keamanan transportasi, misalnya melalui implementasi NodeMCU ESP8266 untuk pelacakan lokasi kendaraan secara real-time dan Raspberry Pi 3 untuk pendeteksian pelanggaran lalu lintas otomatis. Sistem ini memanfaatkan data dari sensor dan kamera untuk memberikan keputusan cepat dalam pengelolaan lalu lintas. Selain itu, penggunaan mikrokontroler Arduino Mega 2569 pada sistem kontrol lampu lalu lintas berbasis IoT mampu memberikan prioritas kepada kendaraan darurat seperti ambulans, sehingga meningkatkan efisiensi transportasi di kawasan perkotaan yang padat. Peran Iot dalam keamanan transportasi meliputi kemampuan untuk mendeteksi ancaman secara real-time melalui integrasi sensor, kamera, dan perangkat IoT lainnya. Teknologi ini memungkinkan sistem transportasi untuk memberikan peringatan dini, mencegah kecelakaan, dan meningkatkan pengawasan lalu lintas. Di sisi efisiensi, Iot membantu mengoptimalkan penggunaan sumber daya dengan mendukung manajemen lalu lintas berbasis data, seperti prioritas kendaraan darurat dan penyesuaian pola lalu lintas sesuai kebutuhan. Analisis bibliometrik menunjukkan bahwa tren publikasi terkait IoT dalam transportasi terus meningkat, dengan kolaborasi yang signifikan antara akademisi dan industri. Penerapan teknologi seperti machine learning dan cloud computing semakin terintegrasi dalam sistem transportasi berbasis IoT, yang mendukung keberlanjutan operasional serta efisiensi logistik. Dalam era digital yang terus berkembang, implementasi teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) menjadi katalis utama dalam mengubah sistem transportasi tradisional menjadi ekosistem cerdas yang terintegrasi. Teknologi ini memungkinkan perangkat untuk berkomunikasi dan berbagi data secara real-time, menciptakan peluang untuk pengambilan keputusan yang lebih cepat dan akurat. Dalam penelitian ini, analisis mendalam dilakukan untuk mengungkap potensi IoT dalam mengatasi tantangan utama transportasi, seperti kemacetan lalu lintas, keterlambatan kendaraan darurat, serta ancaman keamanan kendaraan pribadi. Dengan pendekatan berbasis data, IoT tidak hanya meningkatkan efisiensi operasional tetapi juga membuka peluang baru dalam pengelolaan transportasi berkelanjutan yang mendukung inisiatif ramah lingkungan.

The aims of this research are not only to know the development of English Storybook in Students speaking skill of Al-Qomar Institute but also to know the advisability of English Storybook in students speaking skill of Al-Qomar Institute Giri Banyuwangi. Researcher utilized the development of Sugiyono method with eight stages. The stages included: (1) Potential and Problem, (2) Collection of Data, (3) Product Design, (4) Design Validation, (5) Design Revision, (6) Product Trial, (7) Product Revision, and (8) Final product. In the previous study, the researcher used VOS viewer to get the references which conducted with the title of the research. The information collecting through interview, questionnaire, documentation and test. The data collecting through used four validators. They are validator of design expert, validator of content expert, teacher perception, and student’s respondent. The product user is the member of Institute of ala-Qomar Giri Banyuwangi which consisted of 24 students. The result showed: 1) the process includes: a) the design of English Storybook development step, b) the expert of English Storybook and the validation of the assessment step from the expert, teacher perception and student respond. 2) The validity level of English Storybook is obtained based on the result of contain expert is 90%, the score was categorized as “very good” with interval 80% < x < 100%, design expert is 86%, the score was categorized “verry good” with interval 80% < x < 100%, teacher perception is 97%, the score was categorized “very good” with interval 80% < x < 100%, and student respond is 87%, the score was categorized “very good” with interval 80% < x < 100%. So, it can be seen that the criteria of validation level are very valid and not revision. This English storybook that has been revised by design expert and contain expert. This English storybook can be used a reference by teachers to try to improve the student speaking skills and can be some learning media is appropriate to the student’s condition. It means, that used English storybook is very positive for the students.            
              
Keywords:English Storybook, Speaking Skill, How to cite

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of the Indonesian economy, but in digital business practices, they often face legal challenges in business contracts, whether with suppliers, distributors, or marketplace platforms. This article examines aspects of legal protection for MSMEs in digital business contracts and identifies inequalities that occur in business relationships with large companies. This study uses a normative-juridical research method by analyzing business contract regulations in Indonesia as well as comparative studies with legal systems in other countries. This study concludes that MSMEs need more proactive regulations in ensuring fairness in digital business contracts so as not to experience exploitation from more dominant parties.

This study examines the effectiveness of Quizizz as an advanced educational tool for enhancing narrative text reading comprehension among eleventh-grade students. Using a pre-experimental design with a single group pre-test and post-test approach, the research involved 18 eleventh-grade students. Statistical analysis included normality tests, reliability assessment, homogeneity of variance testing, and paired samples t-tests to evaluate the intervention's effectiveness. Results demonstrated a significant improvement in students' reading comprehension abilities following the implementation of Quizizz, with a mean difference of 31.611 between pre-test and post-test scores (p < 0.001). The findings indicate that Quizizz functions as an effective educational resource for developing narrative reading skills among senior high school students, underscoring the potential value of gamified learning platforms in contemporary language education.

The purpose of this study was to (1) analyze the ability of students of class VIII of SMPS Muhammadiyah 1 Medan in writing review texts without using the pair checks learning model, (2) analyze the ability to write review texts in class VIII of SMPS Muhammadiyah 1 Medan using the pair checks learning model, (3) determine the effect of the pair checks learning model on the ability to write review texts in class VIII students of SMPS Muhammadiyah 1 Medan. This study involved all class VIII students totaling 351 students, with a sample of 69 people divided into two classes: a control class of 35 students and an experimental class of 34 students. This study used the quasi-experimental type of experimental method and the Posttest-Only Control Design research design. Data analysis techniques used such as analysis requirements test, normality test, and hypothesis test. The results of the study showed that the average ability to write review texts without using the pair checks learning model got a score of 69 which is included in the sufficient category. For the average value of the ability to write review texts using the pair checks learning model got a score of 81 which is included in the good category. Based on the results of the t-test that has been carried out, the results obtained show that the ability to write review texts using the pair checks learning model has a significant impact, as evidenced by the t-test value > t-table (7.617 > 1.996), indicating the influence of the pair checks learning model on the ability to write review texts in class VIII students of SMPS Muhammadiyah 1 Medan.

The rapid advancement of technology and globalization presents challenges for the education sector, particularly in shaping students' character and social skills. Islamic education in the digital era must adapt to learning methods that not only focus on cognitive development (hard skills) but also emphasize the enhancement of soft skills, which include social, emotional, and spiritual aspects. The hybrid IT-based learning method emerges as an innovative approach that integrates face-to-face learning with digital technology to enhance the effectiveness of Islamic education. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the hybrid IT-based method in shaping students' soft skills at SMP Islam Al Azhar Sragen and SMP Islam Al Abidin Surakarta, as well as to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using a comparative study method, with data collected through observations, interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that the implementation of hybrid IT-based learning significantly contributes to the development of students' soft skills, such as communication, teamwork, independence, leadership, critical thinking, and responsibility. Key supporting factors include technological infrastructure, teachers’ readiness to utilize digital media, and a school environment that upholds Islamic values. On the other hand, inhibiting factors include limited technology access for some students, low digital literacy among students and parents, and challenges in objectively assessing soft skills. This study provides new insights into the effectiveness of the hybrid IT-based method in Islamic education and offers strategic recommendations for its optimization. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for Islamic schools in developing learning models that align with modern educational advancements while preserving Islamic values in character building.

This study discusses the implementation of SWOT analysis as a strategic tool in education management to improve the quality and effectiveness of educational institutions. The main focus of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness, challenges, and best practices of the implementation of SWOT in the context of educational institutions in Indonesia. Through the literature study method, data is collected from various literature sources such as scientific journals, policy documents, and research reports. The results of the study show that SWOT analysis is able to provide a comprehensive overview of the internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) conditions of the institution, thus making it easier to formulate strategies based on real conditions. SWOT has been proven to encourage more adaptive, participatory, and data-driven strategic planning, as well as strengthen stakeholder involvement in the decision-making process. Nonetheless, the successful implementation of SWOT is highly dependent on data quality, managerial capacity, and the sustainability of follow-up from the analysis results. Challenges that often arise are subjectivity in assessment, lack of technical training, and limitations in integrating SWOT into the institution's long-term plan. This study contributes to strengthening the strategic management practice of education in Indonesia, as well as opening up space for further research on the integration of SWOT with other management models such as the Balanced Scorecard and quantitative analysis based on strategic matrices.

This community service aims to enhance the visual creativity of early childhood children through collage art activities at MIN 2 Kota Palangka Raya. In the current digital era, children are often exposed to passive visual media, which can hinder the development of their active creativity. Through the collage art approach, students are given the freedom to create using various materials such as colored paper, origami, and glue, which stimulate fine motor skills and visual creativity. The research method used involved direct guidance in creating collages, followed by the presentation of material about collage art and the steps for creating it. The results of the community service show that collage activities can improve students' creativity, visual expression, and fine motor skills. Additionally, these activities can also boost students' self-confidence in expressing themselves freely and creatively. These findings suggest that collage art can serve as an effective medium in art education at the elementary school level and is highly beneficial for fostering children's creativity from an early age.