This study discusses the importance of collaboration among Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Kabila to improve the quality of educational teaching. This collaboration includes collaboration in designing and implementing student-oriented learning. Through this collaboration, PAI teachers exchange experiences, practices, and teaching innovations that are in accordance with the needs of students and the development of the times. The main objective of this study is to determine the implementation, supporting elements, and barriers to collaboration. The method used in this study is qualitative with interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The results of this study indicate that collaboration is carried out from the planning stage to implementation, including the creation of modules, media used, and teaching methods, as well as providing feedback to each other in the classroom. This collaboration not only improves the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process, but also helps teachers hone their competencies.

The implementation of police discretion in the process of investigating criminal defamation cases shows that discretion is an important instrument for police officers in assessing, determining, and following up on a criminal report based on urgency, public interest, and the principles of proportionality and professionalism. In cases of defamation, which are often subjective and private, discretion allows investigators to consider various factors such as motive, impact, and the possibility of resolution outside the criminal path. Factors Affecting the Implementation of Police Discretion in the Process of Investigating Criminal Defamation Cases show that discretion is not carried out absolutely, but is influenced by various internal and external factors, namely: Legal and Regulatory Aspects, Case Characteristics, Professionalism and Ethics of Investigators, Social and Environmental Pressure, Facilities and Resources. Police Discretion should be regulated more clearly in positive law other than Law Number 2 of 2002 and the Criminal Procedure Code so that the principles of Legal Certainty and Respect for Human Rights are more apparent. Police offices need to provide special facilities such as mediation rooms that are neutral, comfortable, and support the creation of a dialogical atmosphere between the disputing parties. Increasing the number of investigators and managing a more balanced workload will provide space for investigators to consider the discretionary path more seriously without sacrificing work efficiency. The Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for discretion at the Polres level needs to be adjusted to local socio-cultural characteristics. In Gorontalo, for example, a legal approach that is sensitive to family values and customs must be officially accommodated in work procedures.

The democratic journey of the Indonesian nation has always experienced quite brilliant ups and downs and is not in accordance with the norms of good civility. By disobeying various things that always prioritize various principles of democracy and social life for society. The Constitutional Court (MK) as an institution that safeguards the constitution and protects the supremacy of law in Indonesia plays an important role in ensuring the sustainability of democratic principles and the protection of human rights. However, in recent years, the dignity of the Constitutional Court has often been questioned due to various controversies surrounding the integrity, independence and legitimacy of this institution. This article aims to analyze the causes and impacts of the collapse of the MK's dignity on legal governance and democratic stability in Indonesia. Using a normative-empirical approach, this article discusses the challenges faced by the Constitutional Court, including political interference, external pressure, and internal problems related to the code of ethics and professionalism of judges. This study found that the legitimacy crisis experienced by the Constitutional Court not only damaged the credibility of the institution but also threatened the stability of the law and constitutional order in Indonesia.

The low interest in reading of students in elementary school is a serious problem that has a direct impact on the quality of learning, especially in Indonesian subjects. This article aims to identify and analyze various factors that affect student’s low interest in reading through a literature review approach. The results of the analysis showed that these factors included limited literacy facilities, lack of active role of teachers and parental support, negative influence of digital technology, less attractive teaching methods, and low motivation and reading habits of students. The impact of low interest in reading includes difficulty understanding reading, weak vocabulary mastery, and low learning achievement. This article also reviews various strategies that teachers can do to increase student’s reading interest, such as reading habits, the use of storytelling methods, reading corners, the use of technology, as well as thematic approaches and creative literacy programs. Cooperation between schools, families, and communities is needed to create a literacy ecosystem that supports the growth of reading interest from an early age.
 
 

The research aims to analyze the concept of social work punishment based on the National Criminal Code (KUHP) and formulate an ideal model for its implementation from the perspective of criminal law reform policy. The research background originates from the conditions of correctional institutions experiencing overcrowding and over-capacity, coupled with negative societal stigmatization towards convicts, which demonstrates the continued dominance of an absolute and retributive punishment paradigm. The research urgency lies in the necessity of an in-depth study of social work punishment as one of the new legal instruments in the National Criminal Code that prioritizes restorative and rehabilitative values. The research methodology employs a normative juridical approach with descriptive specifications, conducted through a literature study and qualitative analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The research novelty focuses on a comprehensive examination of social work punishment within the context of Indonesian criminal law reform. The research findings indicate that social work punishment in the National Criminal Code represents a penalization aimed at restorative and rehabilitative objectives, signifying a paradigm shift in punishment goals, with its ideal implementation model being a product of criminal legal politics that utilizes a rational approach to achieve social order and community welfare in accordance with the procedural mechanism outlined in Article 85 of the National Criminal Code.
 
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis konsep pidana kerja sosial berdasarkan KUHP Nasional dan merumuskan model ideal penerapannya dalam perspektif kebijakan pembaruan hukum pidana. Latar belakang penelitian bermula dari kondisi lembaga pemasyarakatan yang mengalami overcrowding dan overcapacity, serta stigmatisasi negatif masyarakat terhadap terpidana, yang menunjukkan masih dominannya paradigma pemidanaan bersifat absolut dan sekadar pembalasan. Urgensi penelitian terletak pada perlunya kajian mendalam tentang pidana kerja sosial sebagai salah satu instrumen hukum baru dalam KUHP Nasional yang mengedepankan nilai restoratif dan rehabilitatif. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi deskriptif, melalui studi kepustakaan dan analisis kualitatif terhadap bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Kebaharuan penelitian fokus pada kajian komprehensif pidana kerja sosial dalam konteks pembaruan hukum pidana Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pidana kerja sosial dalam KUHP Nasional merupakan pemidanaan bertujuan restoratif dan rehabilitatif, yang menandakan pergeseran paradigma tujuan pemidanaan, dengan model ideal penerapannya merupakan produk politik hukum pidana yang menggunakan pendekatan rasional untuk mencapai ketertiban dan kesejahteraan masyarakat sesuai mekanisme prosedural Pasal 85 KUHP Nasional.

Sustainable business transformation has become a cornerstone of modern corporate strategy in addressing environmental, social, and economic challenges. The Sustainability-Led Innovation (SLI) approach provides an innovation framework that embeds sustainability principles into business models, fostering organizational adaptability and long-term value creation. This study aims to (1) identify the mechanisms for integrating SLI into sustainable business models, (2) evaluate SLI’s contribution to competitive advantage, and (3) analyze the development of dynamic capabilities to support sustainability initiatives. By combining the Sustainability-Driven Business Model Innovation (SBMI), Dynamic Capability Theory (DCT), and Triple Bottom Line (TBL) frameworks, this qualitative research utilizes in-depth interviews and document analysis of culinary SMEs in Malang. Findings reveal that organizations adopting SLI achieve higher operational efficiency, respond more agilely to regulatory changes, and attract stronger consumer loyalty. These insights underscore the necessity of embedding sustainable innovation strategies into long-term business planning to secure resilient competitive advantage.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a serine protease produced by the prostate epithelium. PSA is a product of prostate epithelial cells that functions to liquefy semen, thereby enhancing sperm motility. This study is an analytical study with a cross-sectional design, utilizing secondary data from the medical records of patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) at Dr. Achmad Mochtar General Hospital, Bukittinggi, from 2022 to 2023. The results of the study showed that the most commonly found PSA range category was 4-20 ng/ml, with a percentage of 40.2%. Furthermore, the study found that the highest average PSA levels were observed in patients with prostate cancer, with a mean value of 53.39 ng/ml. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that monitoring PSA levels plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis and management of prostate cancer and can serve as an important reference in future prevention and treatment efforts.

This study discusses the use of Frame.io as a web-based service in supporting the film management information system at Super 8mm Studio. The research focus is directed at improving the efficiency of post-production workflows and team collaboration through technology integration. The method used is a qualitative approach with case studies with the post-production team. The results show that the use of Frame.io is able to speed up the review process, facilitate file distribution, and increase transparency in the management of film projects. The Frame.io integration has a positive impact on the film production management information system at Super 8mm Studio. The platform not only simplifies technical processes such as video uploads and reviews, but also establishes a more open, responsive, and collaborative work culture. This improvement is especially important in the context of the creative industry that requires high adaptability and fast communication. Furthermore, the results of this study support the argument that the use of cloud-based digital platforms can be a strategic solution for independent production houses that want to improve their work efficiency and quality of production output without adding to the burden of high infrastructure costs.

The installation of WiFi networks in the campus environment plays a very vital role in supporting the smooth running of learning processes, research, and other operational activities. At the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP) of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University, the implementation of WiFi networks has become a focus in efforts to improve information technology infrastructure. This study discusses the application of network topology in WiFi installations in the FKIP environment using literature study methods and direct observation in the field. Based on the results of the study, the network topology used is a tree topology. This topology is a combination of bus topology and star topology, which allows the distribution of network connections widely throughout the faculty building. The choice of tree topology is considered effective because it can expand the network coverage and maintain connection stability. In addition to the topology aspect, the network authentication system has also undergone significant changes. Initially using the Single Sign-On (SSO) method, the system then switched to using Access ID. This shift aims to improve ease of user access and provide flexibility in the use of various types of devices. Overall, this study shows that the implementation of tree topology and Access ID authentication system has succeeded in improving the quality of network services in the FKIP academic environment.

The principle of legality is a legal principle that states that every act may only be subject to sanctions if it has been stipulated in the legislation before the criminal act is committed. The research aims to analyze the necessity of a law before a criminal event occurs; analyze the assessment of an act that is not analogous; analyze the need for the principle of legality to protect individuals from arbitrary actions by judicial officers. The research method is the normative legal method, by adopting conventions, legislation, law books, journals, articles, the internet. Furthermore, comprehensively reviewing the literature so that maximum results are obtained. The results of the research, law enforcement that is fair, pure and consistent is still difficult to achieve considering that many officers still do not fully understand the meaning of the principle of legality so that they often make mistakes in considering imposing criminal sanctions, and often their decisions exceed their authority. Human rights are inherent rights in individuals, so individuals should get their rights. Protection of individual rights is mandated in the 1945 Constitution Article 28G paragraph (1) Article 28H paragraph (1). Legal certainty is a vital element in building an honest and fair legal strategy. It is expected that when laws are created, they should be in accordance with a systematic, democratic mechanism based on empirical observation results, so that errors in the application of the law can be minimized. Thus, all people get legal certainty where their rights are protected and maintained, on the other hand, each individual is aware not to do prohibited acts because every action has logical and firm consequences.