Appreciation of children's literature is an important part of language and literature education at the elementary level because it can foster emotional sensitivity, aesthetics, and moral understanding of students from an early age. In order to increase the effectiveness of the process of appreciating children's literature, paraphrastic and analytical approaches can be applied productively to explore the meaning and values contained in literary works. The paraphrastic approach allows students to re-express the contents of the story in their own words, so that they can train their reading comprehension skills, critical thinking, and active language skills. Meanwhile, the analytical approach directs students to examine the intrinsic and extrinsic elements of literary works, such as characters, plot, setting, morals, and the socio-cultural context behind them. The combination of these two approaches not only improves students' cognitive abilities in understanding literature, but also fosters an appreciative and creative attitude in responding to literary works. The application of this strategy can be done through intensive reading activities, group discussions, rewriting stories, and the use of relevant digital media. Thus, appreciation of children's literature becomes an active, fun, and meaningful process, while supporting the development of students' literacy and character holistically.

This study aims to examine the effect of Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) on stock prices of agro-industrial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the post-Covid-19 economic recovery period, specifically from 2021 to 2023. The research method used is a quantitative approach with a causal associative type. The data used are secondary data from annual financial statements and year-end stock prices. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with classical assumption tests to ensure model validity. The results indicate that ROA and ROE have both simultaneous and partial effects on stock prices. ROA demonstrates a stronger influence compared to ROE, suggesting that asset management efficiency is a key determinant of stock value in agro-industrial firms during the economic recovery period.

This study aims to analyze the use of the representative documentary Jalanan produced in 2013 as a learning medium in Pancasila education subject through the Piloting a Constructive Feedback (PCF) approach for tenth-grade students at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Paciran. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, with data collected through observation, closed and open questionnaires, and informal interviews. The results indicate that the documentary effectively facilitates students’ understanding of Pancasila values, particularly social justice, humanity, and the rights and responsibilities of citizens. The implementation of the PCF model encourages active student engagement in providing feedback, critical thinking, and reflecting on the meaning of the film both personally and socially. Student responses revealed an increase in empathy and awareness of social issues that were previously underappreciated. This study confirms that social-reality-based documentary media can serve as a contextual learning alternative relevant to the characteristics of Generation Z and Alpha, and is effective in strengthening value-based learning in Pancasila Education.

of reproductive age, characterized by insulin resistance (IR), anovulation, and hyperandrogenism, often leading to infertility. Metformin is the first-line therapy used. However, inositol, especially myo-inositol (MI) and D-chiro-inositol (DCI), have shown promising therapeutic potential. Direct comparison and optimal efficacy of both still require a comprehensive review. Objective: This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of inositol (as monotherapy or in combination) compared with metformin, placebo, or no intervention, in improving reproductive, hormonal, and metabolic outcomes in women with PCOS. Methods: Conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted in Pubmed and Ebsco databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the last 10 years. Studies evaluating inositol and/or metformin in women with PCOS and reporting reproductive, hormonal, or metabolic outcomes were included. Study selection and data extraction were performed independently by five reviewers. Results: Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this review. Metformin consistently showed improvements in insulin resistance and androgen levels. Myo-inositol also demonstrated efficacy in improving metabolic and hormonal parameters, as well as reproductive outcomes, often with a better tolerability profile, especially as monotherapy. The combination of metformin and myo-inositol has shown potential improvements in some reproductive functions (such as live birth rate) compared to metformin alone in some studies. However, other studies have shown comparable or superior efficacy of myo-inositol monotherapy with fewer side effects. Adjuvant therapies such as dexamethasone or calcium/vitamin D have shown benefits in certain subpopulations. Conclusions: Both inositol (especially myo-inositol) and metformin have significant therapeutic roles in the management of PCOS. Metformin remains an important intervention for metabolic dysregulation and hyperandrogenism. Inositol appears to be an effective and often better tolerated alternative, with significant reproductive benefits. The choice of therapy should be individualized based on patient phenotype and treatment goals.
 

This research aims to investigate the impact of extroverted personality traits on the dimensions of self-efficacy among employees in the telecommunications industry in Metro City. The study is grounded in the significance of innovation and employee performance in navigating today’s complex business environment. Employing a quantitative approach with a survey method, the study involved 110 respondents from the telecommunications sector. Data were gathered through questionnaires and analyzed using simple regression analysis. The findings indicate that extroversion has a positive and significant effect on all aspects of self-efficacy: level, generality, and strength. The mean score for extroversion was 4.15, while the mean scores for the self-efficacy dimensions were 4.18 (level), 4.30 (generality), and 4.32 (strength). Regression analysis revealed that extroversion influences the level dimension by 52.9%, generality by 64.8%, and strength by 69.1%. All hypotheses were supported with significance values below 0.05, indicating statistically significant relationships between the variables.

Ibn Sina (Avicenna), a 10th-century Muslim philosopher, scientist, and educator, has made major contributions to Islamic educational thought. This paper aims to examine the relevance of Ibn Sina's educational thought in the context of modern Islamic educational philosophy. Through a qualitative approach with literature study, this article analyzes Ibn Sina's ideas on the goals of education, stages of child development, and learning methods, as well as their relationship to the challenges of contemporary Islamic education. The results of the study show that Ibn Sina's thoughts are not only philosophical but also applicable, and remain relevant in efforts to build a holistic and sustainable Islamic education system.

This research aims to examine the relationship between moral education and obedience to parents and teachers in elementary schools.Through literature review and quantitative analysis, this research reveals that the influence of moral education on obedience to parents and teachers at school has a significant impact on students' ethics and actions in participating in social activities.In this regard, the challenge in the Indonesian education sector is to improve the quality of learning to produce graduates who are competitive, able to adapt to changes, and creative in solving the challenges they face.The process of moral education needs to be nurtured from an early age and should be maximized starting from elementary school.The goal of moral education in elementary school is to shape students' character to be good, ethical, responsible, and capable of making decisions based on positive values, as well as living harmoniously in society.This is done so that students have personal and social competencies, and become good citizens.The function of moral education in schools is to shape students' character to be integrity-driven, socially responsible, and ethical.Moral education also helps students understand the importance of moral values in everyday life.

The education system in Indonesia comprises a series of interconnected components and educational activities aimed at achieving national education goals. With the growing demands for educational reform, policies related to education have undergone several modifications. Every individual in the country has the right and obligation to attain a decent life; however, in reality, many are still unable to experience genuine well-being. This situation arises because the government and leaders tend to prioritize rights over fulfilling their responsibilities. The methodology employed is qualitative, The research findings indicate that the education policies implemented have not yet fully reached all segments of society, particularly vulnerable groups, despite the presence of public participation in forums such as Musrenbang. Moreover, the success of implementation largely depends on effective coordination between central and regional governments, as well as adequate socio-political support.

Case study research is one of the methodologies in qualitative research that seeks to investigate phenomena comprehensively in a real-world context. This paper provides a comprehensive discussion of case study research design, covering various aspects ranging from definitions and types to the steps involved in implementation. Various types of case studies are explained based on expert opinions, including intrinsic, instrumental, and collective case studies, along with classifications of explanatory, exploratory, descriptive, and others. Furthermore, the systematic phases involved in conducting case study research are detailed, including problem formulation, data collection and analysis, and reporting of results. Focus on the use of triangulation techniques and contextual approaches are essential to ensure the validity of findings. By gaining an in-depth understanding of this design, it is hoped that students and researchers will be able to design case studies appropriately and make significant scientific contributions.
                                                                                                                                       
 
 

This study explores the implementation of employee work discipline at PT Gojek and its impact on company productivity. Using the literature study method, this study highlights how work discipline manifested in compliance, responsibility, and giving to work regulations contributes to effectiveness. The results of the study indicate that work discipline has a significant influence on performance and service quality. The conclusion of the study states that the implementation of clear rules, effective communication, and consistent supervision are very important in building a disciplined and competitive work environment, especially in technology-based service companies.