The Era of the 4.0 Industrial Revolution has transformed various aspects of life, particularly with the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI), which brings innovation and efficiency to sectors such as healthcare, education, and governance. However, the rapid development of AI also presents challenges related to law and ethics that must be addressed, such as legal responsibility for damages caused, secure management of personal data, and ethical boundaries regarding technological intervention. This article aims to discuss the legal and ethical issues surrounding the use of AI in Indonesia, focusing on the importance of developing an adaptive legal framework and the application of appropriate ethical principles. This research uses a normative research method with a regulatory approach and a conceptual approach. The discussion covers the definition of AI, legal and ethical challenges in its use, and recommendations for responsible technology implementation. The findings suggest that to ensure fair and sustainable use of AI, Indonesia needs to strengthen existing regulations, raise ethical awareness in society, and establish a dedicated regulatory body for AI technology.

The purpose of this study is to examine the development of scientific publications related to the use of the Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) model in improving students' mathematical critical thinking skills from 2015 to 2025. This research uses a bibliometric analysis approach with a descriptive approach, where data is collected through searches on Google Scholar and analyzed using the Publish or Perish and VOSviewer applications to identify publication trends, researcher collaboration, and mapping of main topics. From a total of 200 initial documents, 16 articles met the criteria and were analyzed further. The results showed a fluctuating trend in the publication of IBL studies on MVC, with peaks of attention occurring in 2020 and 2022. Network visualization and keyword density show that IBL and MHS topics continue to be an important focus, but face implementation challenges that require further attention. This research is expected to be a reference in designing effective learning strategies to improve critical thinking skills.

Independent village status is the highest achievement in the classification of village development that shows strong social, economic and environmental resilience. Tanjung Harapan Village is the only village in Lingga Regency designated as an independent village in 2023. This study aims to analyze the capacity of the Tanjung Harapan Village Government in achieving this status using the organizational capacity theory of Horton et al. (2003), which emphasizes two main aspects, namely resources and management. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that in terms of resources, the village has adequate infrastructure and has begun to apply digital systems in administrative management, although there are still network constraints. In terms of management, the village head applies open leadership, involves the community in planning, and manages finances transparently. Capacity building of village officials is also carried out through training and periodic evaluations. In conclusion, the Tanjung Harapan Village Government has demonstrated adequate capacity to support the achievement of independent village status. However, there is a need to increase cross-sectoral cooperation and strengthen digital infrastructure to support the sustainability of village development.
 

This study aims to examine in depth the role of special guidance teachers at Madrasah Ar Roihan in implementing inclusive learning, as well as to analyze the pedagogical strategies applied in educating students with special needs. The implementation of inclusive education requires attention to a number of fundamental aspects, including the provision of a safe, comfortable, and friendly classroom environment for all students, including those with special needs. In addition, it is important to foster a school culture that upholds the values ??given to differences and acceptance of diversity. The results of the study indicate that special guidance teachers have been able to create a learning atmosphere that supports the active participation of students with special needs. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of inclusive learning, the researcher conducted direct observations of classroom learning activities. These findings indicate the need for further training for special guidance teachers, in order to strengthen their professional competence in managing inclusive classes, designing adaptive curricula, and implementing learning strategies that are responsive to the individual needs of students. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of providing ongoing support for the development of the capacity of special guidance teachers, as a strategic effort to improve the quality of the implementation of inclusive education in educational units.

The making of authentic deeds by a notary is part of the legal service that has the highest evidentiary value in the Indonesian civil law system. One of the formal requirements of an authentic deed according to Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning the Position of Notary (UUJN) is the presence of two witnesses who know and directly witness the process of signing the deed. In notarial practice, notary staff are often appointed as witnesses for reasons of administrative convenience, trust, and availability of time. This study aims to examine the legal position and role of notary staff as witnesses in authentic deeds and the form of legal protection available if the deed is legally disputed. The research method used is normative legal with a statutory and conceptual approach, supported by literature studies and analysis of related court decisions. The results of the study indicate that notary staff are legally valid as witnesses as long as they meet the requirements as competent witnesses according to law. However, if a dispute arises over the deed, the staff can be asked for information as a witness in court and has the potential to face legal pressure. Therefore, legal protection for notary staff includes the principle of good faith, legal protection for witnesses, the right to legal assistance, and the ethical responsibility of notaries as employers. In conclusion, there needs to be more explicit regulations regarding the role of staff in deeds and clear protection mechanisms to maintain professionalism, integrity, and legal certainty in notarial practice.

In advertising, females are frequently positioned as the center of attention to establish product image through culturally recognized signs and symbols. Advertisements transcend their promotional function, acting as media that both reflect and influence societal perceptions, including gender roles within daily life. This is exemplified in the Vicks VapoRub advertisement titled "Mother's Amazing Hands," which portrays women as mothers perpetually prepared to care for their families. This study investigates the representation of the mother's role within the aforementioned advertisement using Roland Barthes' semiotic theory. The research aims to twofold: 1) identify the denotative, connotative, and mythical meanings embedded within the Vicks VapoRub "Mother's Amazing Hands" ad; and 2) analyze the portrayal of the mother figure through the lens of Barthes' semiotic framework. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing Barthes' semiotic analysis method alongside concepts of social construction of reality, cinematography techniques, and the societal role of mothers. Through the analysis of verbal, non-verbal, audio, and visual elements within the advertisement, the study revealed the multifaceted representation of the mother's role. This includes functions of caregiving, nurturing, and treatment of family members, ultimately portraying the tangible actions a mother takes in providing for her family.

PT. The Indonesian China Fast Train is one of the companies operating in the field of public transportation services under the auspices of the government which was inaugurated directly by the President of Indonesia, namely Mr. Jokowi, who collaborates directly with China. This research aims at the Role of Public Relations Expert Prescriber PT. KCIC in building Brand Awareness for the Fast Train whoosh, the Role of Public Relations PT. KCIC as Communication Facilitator in building Brand Awareness regarding the Whoosh Fast Train, Role of Public Relations PT. KCIC in Communication Technician to build Brand Awareness of the Whoosh Fast Train, the Role of Public Relations as a Problem Solving Facilitator in handling the issue of the Whoosh Fast Train "Whoosh" Fast Train. The approach used in this research is qualitative with descriptive methods using data collection techniques, documentation and direct interviews with informants. Using triangulation techniques and data analysis using Dozier & Broom's Public Relations Role theory in Ruslan (2020). For the information obtained, 2 informants were interviewed, consisting of key informants, supporting informants and 1 triangulation. The results of this research found that PT Kereta Cepat Indonesia China's public relations will continue to provide updated information using social media and the available the public continues to remember the existence of the Whoosh Fast Train.

This study analyzes the relationship between intercultural communication competence and cultural empathy in Madura ethnic nomadic students. As a group that often faces challenges in cross-cultural communication, migrant students need to have high adaptability in order to interact effectively in diverse academic and social environments. This study aims to understand how the process of cross-cultural communication can shape the cultural empathy of Madura ethnic nomadic students, as well as how factors such as cross-cultural awareness, ease of perspective, feelings of empathy, and expressions of empathy contribute to their adaptation. This study uses a qualitative approach with an in-depth interview method of Madurese ethnic nomadic students spread across several provinces in Indonesia. The results of the study show that effective cross-cultural communication can help students in adjusting to a new environment, increasing comfort in interacting, and strengthening cultural empathy. Key factors contributing to this process include the ability to understand cultural differences, language skills, as well as a willingness to participate in the local culture.

Stingless bee (Trigona sp.) cultivation presents significant potential for livestock diversification, improved food security, and rural economic development. Although this practice offers clear advantages, including low maintenance requirements, minimal environmental risk, and the high nutritional and commercial value of its honey, its adoption in Lempake Subdistrict, North Samarinda, East Kalimantan, remains limited. This situation is primarily due to a lack of community awareness and technical knowledge in apiculture. In response, a community service program was conducted on 10 May 2025 by lecturers from the Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University, in collaboration with local farmer groups and supported by the Samarinda City Government. The program provided structured training through field visits, lectures, interactive discussions, and practical demonstrations at selected apiaries. Post-training evaluations showed a substantial improvement in participants’ understanding of colony management, hygienic honey harvesting, and the economic prospects of stingless bee products. Additionally, the program encouraged entrepreneurial interest and supported the development of value-added functional food products based on local resources. These findings indicate that targeted training and institutional collaboration are effective in promoting sustainable stingless beekeeping practices. Future initiatives should focus on continued technical support and the integration of apiculture products into local and digital markets to enhance competitiveness and economic impact.

This study aims to analyze consumer behavior in purchasing decision-making at traditional markets in Surakarta City. The focus of this research is to identify the factors that influence consumer purchasing decisions, such as price, product quality, location, service, and shopping habits. The method used is a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires to 100 respondents who are active consumers at several traditional markets in Surakarta, such as Pasar Gede, Pasar Klewer, and Pasar Legi. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression to examine the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable. The results show that price, product quality, and service have a significant influence on purchasing decisions, while location and shopping habits do not show a significant influence. These findings indicate that consumers in traditional markets in Surakarta tend to prioritize economic value and service interaction in their purchasing decisions. This research is expected to provide input for traditional market managers in improving competitiveness amidst the growth of modern markets.