This paper examines euthanasia from ethical, theological, legal, and human rights perspectives, focusing specifically on the Christian faith. Euthanasia, defined as the intentional termination of life to avoid physical suffering, raises significant moral and legal dilemmas. This study applies a qualitative method through literature review to explore expert opinions, Indonesian legal provisions, and theological foundations based on the Bible. The findings indicate that euthanasia contradicts the core principles of Christian ethics, Indonesian positive law, and human rights values that uphold the right to life. From a Christian worldview, life is a divine gift and should not be ended by human will. Suffering is understood as part of a spiritual journey that carries redemptive meaning. Furthermore, euthanasia presents complex implications not only for the individual undergoing the act but also for families, religious communities, and healthcare professionals. In Christian ethics, life and death are matters of divine sovereignty, and human agency in ending life is considered a violation of God's authority. The legal stance in Indonesia, as reflected in national laws and regulations, clearly prohibits any form of euthanasia, emphasizing the protection of human life as a constitutional right. From a human rights viewpoint, although autonomy is important, it must be balanced with the principle of preserving life. This study suggests that interdisciplinary dialogue involving theology, law, bioethics, and pastoral care is urgently needed to build awareness and offer compassionate responses to end-of-life issues. Churches, educators, and policymakers are encouraged to develop ethical guidelines and pastoral counseling approaches rooted in biblical truth and legal integrity. A wise and faithful response to the problem of euthanasia requires not only empathy but also a clear commitment to uphold the sanctity of life.

This qualitative case study investigated the factors and impacts of English language learning anxiety among students at SMP Muhammadiyah Tanjungpinang. The research focused on students from the 7th, 8th, and 9th grades during the academic year 2024/2025. A total of 32 students across all grade levels were involved in the study. The researchers initially conducted classroom observations to identify students who exhibited signs of anxiety during English lessons. Based on these observations, eleven students were selected as participants for semi-structured interviews and more detailed classroom observations. The research aimed to explore how anxiety manifests in the classroom and how it affects students' language acquisition in a unique socio-educational environment. The data collected through interviews and observations were analyzed qualitatively by interpreting students’ responses and behavioral patterns in class. The findings revealed that three primary types of language anxiety—Communication Apprehension, Test Anxiety, and Fear of Negative Evaluation—were commonly experienced by the students. These forms of anxiety were often interconnected, compounding the emotional barriers students faced in English learning. One of the key contributing factors was the students’ fear of peer ridicule, especially within a tightly bonded student community. Many of the participants were affiliated with orphanages connected to the school, which created a unique emotional and social environment. This setting, while supportive in many ways, also contributed to heightened sensitivity to peer judgment and a strong fear of making mistakes. As a result, the affective filter among these students was notably high, significantly hindering their willingness to participate and ultimately affecting their English language acquisition.

This study aims to examine the influence of compensation and work discipline on employee performance at Cahaya Nikmah Bakery located in Samarinda City. More specifically, this study analyzes three main things: first, the influence of compensation on employee performance; second, the influence of work discipline on employee performance; and third, the simultaneous influence of compensation and work discipline on employee performance. This study was conducted on 40 permanent employees who work at Cahaya Nikmah Bakery as research subjects. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The collected data were then analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques to determine the relationship and influence between the variables studied. The results of the data analysis show that the calculated F value of 35.898 is greater than the F table of 2.87 at a significance level of 5%. In addition, the significance value of 0.000 is below the critical limit of 0.05. This indicates that there is a simultaneous significant influence between compensation and work discipline on employee performance at Cahaya Nikmah Bakery. In other words, the combination of the two independent variables has a real contribution in influencing the level of employee performance. In addition to the simultaneous effect, the partial test results also show that each variable, namely compensation and work discipline, has a significant influence on individual employee performance. This is evidenced by the significance value for both variables, which is 0.000, which is also less than 0.05. The conclusion of this study shows that adequate compensation and the implementation of good work discipline can significantly improve employee performance. Therefore, company management is advised to continue developing a fair compensation system and strengthening a culture of work discipline to support overall company productivity and efficiency.

Human resources are a crucial asset for organizations, as their competence and professionalism greatly influence employee performance and the achievement of organizational objectives. At the MKG Office of Region III, several performance issues have been identified, including skill mismatches, high absenteeism rates as an indicator of low professionalism, and limited adaptability to information technology systems. These challenges underscore the need for strategic human resource development. This study aims to analyze the impact of competence and professionalism on employee performance, with information technology mastery serving as a mediating variable. A quantitative research approach was applied, involving all 115 employees as respondents through questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Path analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between the variables. The findings reveal that both competence and professionalism have a positive and significant influence on employee performance. Furthermore, these variables also positively affect information technology mastery, which in turn significantly improves performance. The analysis demonstrates that information technology mastery mediates the relationship between competence and professionalism with employee performance, indicating the importance of digital skills in modern workplaces. In conclusion, enhancing competence and professionalism, alongside strengthening information technology mastery, is essential for improving employee performance at the MKG Office of Region III. The study recommends implementing strategic human resource programs that focus on digital proficiency to support organizational effectiveness and adaptability in the digital era.

This research is motivated by the high intensity of activity in the apron area, the limited number of personnel, and the implementation of a shift work system in the Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit at Halim Perdanakusuma Airport. These conditions have the potential to cause excessive workloads for personnel, which can impact the effectiveness of operational supervision and disrupt their physical and mental health. The main objective of this study is to analyze the workload of AMC personnel and determine the ideal number of workers to ensure optimal supervision in the apron area. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through direct observation and the distribution of questionnaires to all personnel activities in the AMC unit. Data analysis used the Full Time Equivalent (FTE) method to calculate the total actual working time required, and compared it with the standard full-time working hours according to employment regulations. The results showed that the workload of AMC personnel is quite high. Of the seven personnel analyzed, two people obtained an FTE value above 1.28, indicating an overload condition, four people were in the FTE range of 1.00 to 1.28, which is considered normal, and one person had an FTE value below 1.00, indicating an underload condition. These findings indicate an imbalance in the distribution of workload among personnel. As a result, some personnel must perform multiple tasks simultaneously, potentially compromising the quality of oversight and operational safety in the apron area. Based on these findings, a re-evaluation of the division of tasks and workforce within the AMC unit is recommended to create a proportional workload and support optimal safety and operational performance at Halim Perdanakusuma Airport.

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is a processed coconut product with high economic and health value. VCO production is known to be relatively easy, inexpensive, and capable of producing high-quality oil rich in benefits, including as a traditional medicine and natural ingredient for beauty and health. This community service activity aims to provide students of the Biology Education Study Program at Buton Muslim University with an understanding and practical skills regarding the VCO production process as a form of utilization of local natural resources, especially coconuts. The methods used in this activity include lectures or delivery of theoretical material, interactive discussions on the content and benefits of VCO, and direct practice in making virgin coconut oil using the settling method. This method was chosen because it does not require complicated equipment, does not use excessive heating, and is able to maintain the natural quality of the resulting oil. During the implementation, students are invited to observe and follow the entire process, from selecting good coconut raw materials, the grating process, squeezing coconut milk, natural fermentation through settling, to the process of separating oil from sediment and filtering. The results of this activity demonstrated that students not only understood the concept and theory of VCO production but also produced 1,500 ml of virgin coconut oil packaged in five 300 ml bottles. The VCO was then sold to the public for approximately Rp 30,000 per bottle. Through this activity, students not only gained contextual learning experiences but also developed insights into sustainable, locally-based entrepreneurship.

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of underhand passing skills through the application of play-based methods to fifth and sixth grade students at SDN 1 Bumijawa. This study used a quantitative approach with a One Group Pretest and Posttest experimental design. The sample in this study was 15 students. Data were collected through underhand passing skills tests conducted before and after treatment. The results showed a significant increase in underhand passing skills after students participated in learning using the play-based method. This method has been proven to be able to increase students' interest, active participation, and understanding of basic volleyball techniques. In addition, the application of the play-based method also creates a more enjoyable learning atmosphere and reduces student boredom. This method directly involves students in practical activities, so that students not only understand the theory but also can apply it in real games. Play activities carried out in small groups allow students to learn from each other and increase self-confidence. Improvement in underhand passing skills also shows that the play-based method is effective in developing fine motor skills needed in volleyball. Therefore, the play-based method can be used as an alternative strategy in learning Physical Education, especially volleyball material in elementary schools. This study suggests that Physical Education teachers implement play-based methods more widely to maximize student learning and learning outcomes, as well as increase their motivation and enthusiasm for sports. Furthermore, implementing play-based methods can also improve teamwork among students, a crucial aspect of volleyball. With a more fun and interactive approach, students are more motivated to practice and master the skills taught.

Digital transformation in the payment system in Indonesia is experiencing rapid development, especially with the presence of the Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) which facilitates digital transactions in various sectors. One of the most popular digital wallet platforms and widely used by students is GoPay. This study aims to analyze the influence of the perception of benefits and ease of use of QRIS on GoPay usage decisions, with user satisfaction as an intervening or mediation variable. The research was conducted on students from private universities in Malang City using a quantitative approach with an explanatory design. A total of 73 respondents were selected using a simple random sampling technique and the data were analyzed using the Partial Least Square, method using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) theoretical framework as a theoretical foundation. The results of the analysis show that the ease of use of QRIS significantly affects students' decisions to use GoPay. This is indicated by a t-statistical value that exceeds the significance threshold of 1.96. However, the perception of benefits has not been shown to have a significant influence on usage decisions. In addition, the results of the mediation test showed that user satisfaction played a significant role as a mediator in the relationship between ease of use and GoPay usage decisions. In contrast, user satisfaction does not mediate the relationship between benefit perception and usage decisions. The implications of these findings emphasize the importance of developing a simple and intuitive user interface and user experience. Digital payment app developers are advised to focus on improving the usability aspect in order to encourage loyalty and repeat decisions from young users. This research makes an important contribution to the literature on the adoption of digital technology and the behavior of younger generation users in the era of digital transformation.

Criminal money substitution is a very important instrument and has a crucial role in efforts to recover state losses caused by corruption crimes. Through this mechanism, the state seeks to recover losses incurred due to corruption. Although there are provisions that regulate the crime of substitute money, the implementation of the substitute money policy in Indonesia is considered ineffective in restoring state losses due to corruption. The main problem in this study is how the substitute money policy in corruption in Indonesia today and how the construction of the substitute money criminal policy in the perspective of criminal law reform. The methods used in this study are normative juridical and empirical juridical which are research methods that combine normative legal elements with the addition of empirical data. The data sources used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Data was collected through literature studies and field studies. Based on the results of this study, it can be seen that the policy is considered not to clearly explain how the mechanism for recovering state losses through the penalty of substitute money is related. In practice, currently the return of state losses through the imposition of penalty money in lieu has not been effective. This is because there are still many obstacles. Some of the obstacles in the implementation of this substitute money crime are the limitations of law enforcement officials, lack of coordination between institutions, and the inability to trace and confiscate the assets of perpetrators of corruption crimes. In addition, another obstacle faced at the time of execution is the inability of the perpetrator to return state losses caused by corruption crimes. This is what causes the maximum implementation of the substitute money criminal policy. The construction of the substitute money criminal policy in the perspective of criminal law reform, namely the substitute money policy must be able to enforce the law in Total Enforcement or at least in Full Enforcement, namely demanding the return of all state losses caused by corruption crimes as a whole without any legal loopholes that allow convicts to evade.

This study aims to design and evaluate lipstick preparations by utilizing solid paraffin as the base ingredient and lanolin as an emollient and stabilizer. Solid paraffin was chosen because of its dense properties at room temperature and having the ability to form a stable lipstick structure. In addition, paraffin can provide a smooth, durable surface, and provide good smearing power. On the other hand, lanolin is known as a natural emollient ingredient that functions to moisturize and protect the lips from dryness. Lanolin also has water-retaining properties (occlusive) so that lip moisture is maintained even if the lipstick is used for a long time. The process of making lipstick is carried out by the melting method using indirect heating to maintain the stability of the material and prevent color and aroma degradation. All materials are accurately weighed, then put into beaker glass and heated over three legs using a Bunsen lamp. During heating, the ingredients are gently stirred so that all the components, including solid paraffin and lanolin, melt and mix homogeneously. Once the mixture reaches the desired consistency, the formula is poured into the lipstick mold and allowed to set at room temperature until ready for use. The results of the evaluation test showed that the combination of solid paraffin and lanolin was able to create lipstick with an optimal solid texture, even color, not easy to crack, and had a smooth application power on the surface of the lips. Lanolin plays a big role in providing a soft, moisturizing effect and adding a natural shine to the lips. Meanwhile, solid paraffin helps maintain the shape of the lipstick so that it doesn't break easily when applied. This study also highlights the importance of comparing the composition of ingredients to produce lipsticks that have a stable melting point, good application power, and appropriate adhesion.