Education is important for humans to gain prosperity and happiness in life, so it can be said that education is a person's basic need in order to become a real human being as a whole. In this day and age, students are not only required to be able to master technology and information to compete, students are required to think critically which is more developed in order to solve problems that will occur. This study aims to determine the extent to which students are able to think critically through social studies subjects. This research uses descriptive quantitative research methods or non-experimental methods. The results showed that grade 5 students at SD Negeri Pucung Kidul 03 had a critical thinking attitude in the very good category.

The North Natuna Sea is an area of strategic importance to Indonesia, both in terms of national security and economy. Legally, this area is part of Indonesia’s Exclusive Zone (EEZ), but China’s unilateral claim to most of this area through the nine-dash line has created tension in the region. Indonesia faces a major challenge to safeguard the sovereignity of this region by using various strategies, one of which is defense diplomacy. This article aims to explore how Indonesia utilizes defense diplomacy in maintaining stability in the Natuna Sea, as well as to analyze the challenges faced and the effectiveness of this approach. The results show that Indonesia’s defense diplomacy can maintain stability, but is still plagued by a number of challenges, including limited resources and the influence of major powers such as China.

This research analyzes the ethics of broadcasting advertisements on television media, especially related to  broadcasting time regulations. The significant role of television in shaping people's thoughts and  behaviors, coupled with the proliferation of potentially unethical and inappropriate broadcasts, highlights  the urgency of this issue. Such violations, especially those concerning children and adolescents, pose  significant risks due to exposure to inappropriate content and the normalization of unethical behavior. This  study emphasizes the importance of media commitment to the Broadcasting Behavior Guidelines and  Broadcast Program Standards (P3SPS) and Law No. 32 of 2002, which aims to protect viewers from  harmful information. This study uses a library observation method with a qualitative approach, analyzing  existing reports, research, and written sources. Data analysis uses Miles and Huberman's qualitative  decomposition technique, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The  findings of the study are in line with previous studies, indicating that violations of broadcasting ethics and  broadcasting hours are systemic problems that have not been resolved. This underlines the need for stricter  supervision, sanctions, re-evaluation of broadcasting time classifications, and media literacy education for  the community.

This community outreach program was initiated to foster foundational knowledge of computer networking among students in the Visual Communication Design (VCD) department at SMK Diponegoro 3 Kedungbanteng. Key topics included basic networking concepts, types and topologies of networks, hardware components, and their significance in creative fields. The implementation involved interactive learning through lectures, hardware demonstrations, and open discussions. A total of 46 students engaged in the sessions. The outcomes indicated increased engagement and awareness of interdisciplinary digital literacy, emphasizing the value of basic technology comprehension in collaborative design workflows.

This study aims to analyze the role of information technology in improving the effectiveness of public administration in Indonesia. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this research highlights how technology supports administrative simplification, transparency, and responsiveness to public needs. The study finds that national platforms such as SP4N-LAPOR!, OSS-RBA, and SIPD have contributed to reducing bureaucratic barriers and enhancing public service quality. However, challenges such as digital literacy gaps and infrastructure inequality persist, requiring continuous improvement strategies. The conclusion emphasizes that adaptive policies and human resource capacity development are key to maximizing the benefits of technology in public administration.

The rapid development of information and communication technology demands the education sector to strengthen digital literacy, particularly in mastering computer networks. Observations at SMK Taruna Bakti Baturraden revealed that 10th-grade students face difficulties in understanding basic network concepts such as topology, hardware, IP addresses, and the use of Cisco Packet Tracer. This study aims to measure the effectiveness of interactive teaching methods in improving students' understanding. The activities were carried out through stages including observation, module preparation, delivery of interactive materials, and evaluation. The learning process involved participatory presentations, discussions, and hands-on simulations. Evaluation was conducted using quizzes and student reflections. The results showed a significant increase in students' understanding of networking concepts and enthusiasm in learning network technologies. Furthermore, the activity enhanced students' digital literacy through a practical approach and the use of simulation applications. These findings indicate that interactive teaching methods are effective in improving computer network comprehension and can serve as a replicable digital literacy-based learning model in other vocational schools.

This research aims to examine the impact of renewable energy policies on sustainable economic growth in four emerging countries: China, India, Brazil, and Mexico. The importance of the study comes in light of the global shift towards clean energy, and the efforts of developing countries to achieve a balance between the requirements of economic development and environmental commitments. The study relies on a descriptive analytical approach supported by a comparative method, where the policies adopted in each country are analyzed and compared with the indicators of economic performance and environmental sustainability during the period (2015-2024). The study is based on official data from international institutions such as the World Bank and the International Energy Agency. The results indicate a positive correlation between the intensity of the implementation of renewable energy policies and the achievement of sustainable economic growth, especially in countries that have provided a supportive legislative and institutional environment for investment in this sector. National experiences have also shown varying levels of impact, with China and Brazil recording more stable results thanks to the clarity and continuity of their strategies. The research endorses that renewable energy policies must be integrated with industrial growth, education and technology rules to expand their impact and achieve a more sustainable economic change in emerging countries.

The evolution of computer architecture has given rise to two main approaches: RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) and CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer). These architectures differ significantly in terms of instruction design, efficiency, and performance. This study aims to analyze the performance and efficiency of RISC and CISC in the context of computer architecture organization. The methodology includes a literature review, comparative analysis, and performance evaluation based on parameters such as processing speed, power consumption, and design complexity. The results indicate that RISC tends to be more efficient in terms of power consumption and execution speed for simple instructions, while CISC excels in handling complex instructions with fewer lines of code. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for the development of modern computer architectures that balance performance and efficiency.

Voting at SMK Plus YSB Suryalaya has traditionally been carried out manually, resulting in a time-consuming process that is prone to errors. Therefore, to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the election process, an online voting system is needed. This research aims to develop a web-based E-Voting system with a Multi-Vote model, allowing voters to vote for multiple candidates across different election categories. This system is designed to simplify the election process at the school, with features such as candidate registration, voter registration, real-time voting, and automatic processing and tabulation of election results. The system was tested using Black Box Testing to ensure its functionality and security, and the results show that the system performs well and meets user requirements. With this system, it is expected that the election process at SMK Plus YSB Suryalaya can be carried out more efficiently, transparently, and with fewer errors.

Sistem rem tromol pada kendaraan menghasilkan panas yang cukup tinggi akibat gesekan antara kampas rem dan permukaan tromol, sehingga diperlukan metode pendinginan yang efektif untuk menjaga kinerja dan keamanan sistem pengereman. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan adalah pendinginan menggunakan udara bertekanan yang disemprotkan melalui nozzle dengan ukuran tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi ukuran nozzle terhadap efektivitas penurunan temperatur rem tromol. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan melakukan pemanasan terhadap backplate tromol menggunakan hot gun hingga mencapai temperatur 150°C. Setelah itu, dilakukan penyemprotan udara bertekanan melalui nozzle berukuran 1/4 inci, 1/2 inci, dan 3/4 inci, dengan tekanan udara konstan sebesar 5 bar dan dalam kondisi lingkungan tetap. Temperatur akhir setelah penyemprotan diukur untuk masing-masing ukuran nozzle pada durasi waktu10 detik. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa nozzle berukuran besar (3/4 inci) mampu menurunkan temperatur tromol secara lebih signifikan dibandingkan ukuran lainnya. Semakin besar ukuran nozzle, semakin besar debit udara yang dihasilkan, sehingga proses perpindahan panas melalui konveksi menjadi lebih efektif. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ukuran nozzle merupakan salah satu faktor kunci dalam meningkatkan efisiensi pendinginan rem tromol menggunakan udara bertekanan.