Pre-marital sexual behavior in adolescents can influence developmental tasks and increase risky behaviors such as unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. Social media, gadget influence, and inappropriate peer selection play a role in these occurrences. Peer education models through counselling centers in schools are crucial in providing insights and experiences for better and healthier behavior. Telehealth models serve as an educational method that can reduce pre-marital sexual behavior by providing information on reproductive health and preventing pre-marital sexual behavior. The research method used was a comprehensive literature review. A total of 11 articles meeting inclusion criteria were found, utilizing educational media through m-health, WhatsApp groups, videos, and leaflets. Data gathered included insights into sexual diseases, positive attitudes towards change, adolescent knowledge and interests, education level, gender, self-efficacy, general health status, socioeconomic status, living conditions, healthcare facilities, and marital status. Clinical practice implications through peer education can enhance adolescent knowledge, thus potentially reducing premarital sexual relationships and unwanted pregnancies among adolescents. Based on the literature study, the telehealth education model can be further developed using other theoretical models to make its implementation more comprehensive.

Streptococcus agalactiae is a pathogen known to frequently cause infections in both mothers and children. It can lead to complications such as premature birth, premature rupture of membranes, postpartum infections, pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. Current treatment for Streptococcus agalactiae often involves antibiotics, which can contribute to antibiotic resistance. Given the increasing concern about antibiotic resistance, the development of herbal antibacterials is gaining momentum, with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) being one such area of interest. EVOO contains oleuropein, flavonoids, and essential oils, all of which possess antibacterial properties. The objective of this research is to demonstrate the antibacterial activity of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). The study employed a true experimental design with a post-test-only control group, using the disc diffusion method to measure bacterial inhibition zones. The results revealed the largest inhibition zone, measuring 15.9 mm, with a 3 ml dose of EVOO. The correlation test indicated a significant value of 0.000, with a coefficient of -726, suggesting that an increase in EVOO dose results in a reduction in the Streptococcus agalactiae bacterial population. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) exhibits potent antibacterial activity against Streptococcus agalactiae. 

 Clinical pathways involve the health team and part of the patient's records. Hence, team dynamics become a principal factor that needs to be appraised during implementation. Clinical pathways were considered as an additional workload for medical personnel. This research aims to review articles that discuss the perceptions and barriers among medical personnel in implementing clinical pathways. The articles were searched through the PubMed, Willey, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases, which were published no less than ten years period from 2010 to 2020. The keywords used perception OR response AND barriers OR obstacles AND clinical pathway OR care. The pathway corresponds to the title and purpose of the review and is in full-text form. In total, eight articles meet the review criteria and objectives. The results showed that clinical pathways are perceived as a process that is directed at realizing benefits, creating habits, and requiring enthusiasm, support, and time. Obstacles for medical personnel that often arise in implementing clinical pathways include not having enough time, lack of direction and guidance, lack of staff awareness, lack of compliance in documentation, and lack of staff commitment. Conducting a direct study on evaluating the implementation of clinical pathways in hospitals is recommended.

The purpose of this research is to find out what are the factors in the writing of birth certificates in the service and civil registration that fall into the category of maladministration, and to find out the implementation of changes to birth certificates that have been determined by the District Court. Good public service is a right and also the hope of every citizen and resident. Especially to apply the concept of good governance in Indonesia, one of the strategic choices is through the provision of public services in order to form good governance. A birth certificate is a legal proof of birth and is recognized by the state for a child who has just been born, therefore the registration must comply with the notes given earlier by the midwife because of the impact experienced if an error occurs in recording a birth certificate it can reduce the rights of a child. The method used in this research is the Juridical Sociological legal research method, which is an approach by looking at a legal reality in society. The data presented in this study are legal material data in the form of primary and secondary legal materials. The conclusion of this study is caused by typos or human errors that affect the child in the future, these factors are the most dominant and often occur by employees. Implementation of changes to birth certificates can be carried out, but only those that are editorial in nature, errors in recording such as name, date and year only, changes to birth certificates can be made directly if it has not reached a year, if the certificate is already many years old and changes are to be made, a decision from district court and meet the conditions that must be set


Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apa saja yang menjadi faktor dalam penulisan akta lahir di dinas dan pecatatan sipil yang termasuk kedalam kategori maladministrasi, serta untuk mengetahu implementasi perubahan akta lahir yang telah di tetapkan oleh Pengadilan Negeri.Pelayanan publik yang baik adalah hak dan juga harapan setiap warga negara dan penduduk. Terutama untuk menerapkan konsep good governance di Indonesia maka salah satu pilihan strategis adalah melalui penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik guna membentuk tata kelola pemerintahan yang baikAkta kelahiran merupakan tanda bukti kelahiran secara sah dan diakui oleh negara kepada seorang anak yang baru saja dilahirkan maka sebab itu dalam pencatatan harus sesuai dengan catatan yang diberikan awal oleh bidan karena dampak yang dialamai jika terjadi kesalahan pencatatan akta kelahiran dapat menggurangi hak kepada seorang anak faktor kesalahan dalam pencatatan akta kelahiran sering kita jumpai biasanya faktor kesalahan dalam pengetikan yang sering terjadi. Metode yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian hukum yuridis sosiologis adalah pendekatan dengan melihat sesuatu kenyataan hukum di dalam masyarakat. Data yang disajikan dalam penelitian ini adalah data bahan hukum yang berupa bahan hukum primer dan bahan sekuder. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini disebabkan oleh salah ketik atau human error yang berdampak kepada sang anak dikemudian hari, faktor-faktor tersebut paling dominan dan sering terjadi yang dilakukan oleh pegawai. Implementasi perubahan akta kelahiran dapat dilakukan namun hanya yang bersifat redaksional saja kesalahan dalam pencatatan seperti nama, tanggal dan tahun saja, perubahan akata kelahiran dapat dilakukan secara langsung bila belum mencapai setahun jika akta tersebut sudah bertahun-tahun dan akan dilakukan perubahan maka harus adanya keputusan dari pengadilan negeri dan memenuhi syarat yang harus di tetapkan.
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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami kedudukan rekomendasi Camat dalam proses pengisian perangkat desa dan reposisi rekomendasi Camat dalam proses pengisian perangkat desa. Pengangkatan perangkat desa merupakan salah satu dari kewenangan kepala desa, akan tetapi, adanya persyaratan rekomendasi yang dikeluarkan oleh camat membuat kewenangan kepala desa seolah dibatasi, selain itu tidak adanya aturan yang jelas terkait rekomendasi tersebut, bisa menimbulkan ketidak pastian hukum . Urgensi dalam artikel ini untuk mengembalikan kedudukan rekmendasi Camat dalam sudut pandang tujuan dari regulasi hukum yang seharusnya.Metode penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif yaitu pendekatan terhadap kajian permasalahan hukum dari aspek peraturan hukum yang berlaku. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada reposisi rekomendasi camat sebagai pengawasan dan kontrol dalam setiap tahapan pengisian perangkat desa. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Camat sebagai perangkat daerah mempunyai tugas untuk membina dan mengawasi kegiatan desa sebagaimana diatur dalam PP NO 18 Tahun 2016 tentang Perangkat Daerah, yang mempunyai peran penting terkait proses pengangkatan perangkat desa. Berdasarkan aturan yang ada kedudukan rekomendasi camat dalam proses pengangkatan perangkat desa merupakan mutlak harus ada karena merupakan peraturan yang diperintahkan oleh undang-undang dan di bentuk berdasarkan kewenangan. Namun legalitas aturan-aturan tersebut belum ada penjelasan yang pasti terkait rekomendasi Camat tersebut, sehingga aturan-aturan tersebut ada celah untuk menimbulkan ketidak pastian hukum. Maka reposisi kewenangan Camat mengenai rekomendasi tersebut adalah bahwa rekomendasi Camat tersebut adalah bersifat pengawasan dan kontrol maka harus diperjelas kembali jangan sampai mendistorsi kewenangan kepala desa

 This research aims to analyze the obstacles in handling election crimes and find the ideal argumentation basis to be used as an improvement to the handling of election crimes. The current handling of election criminal offenses is affected by problems of substance and structure. In terms of substance, there are several articles that regulate elements that are difficult to prove, such as articles related to money politics, political dowries, and unscheduled campaigns, while in terms of structure, the existence of integrated law enforcement centers tends to differ with each other in the process of handling election criminal offenses, which has an impact on the discontinuation of handling election criminal offenses. In addition, there is a change in the personnel of investigators and prosecutors when the process of handling violations is ongoing. This research is normative research. The results of the research illustrate that the redesign of the handling of election criminal offenses is carried out with two approaches, namely first, Article 492, Article 494, Article 495 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2), Article 513, Article 515, Article 518, Article 545. Second, the redesign of the handling of electoral crimes through the enactment of the concept of the provisions of Article 486 paragraph (2) and paragraph (4) expressly in the pattern of handling electoral crimes by the Gakkumdu center by placing the span of control of the termination of the investigation and prosecution process through legal instruments issued by Bawaslu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kendala dalam penanganan tindak pidana Pemilu serta menemukan basis argumentasi yang ideal untuk digunakan sebagai perbaikan terhadap penanganan tindak pidana Pemilu. Penanganan pelanggaran tindak pidana Pemilu saat ini dipengaruhi oleh problematika subtansi dan struktur. Dari sisi substansi, terdapat beberapa pasal yang mengatur Unsur-unsur yang sulit dibuktikan semisal pasal terkait politik uang, mahar politik, dan kampanye luar jadwal, sedangkan dari sisi struktur, keberadaan sentra penegakan hukum terpadu cenderung saling berbeda pandangan dalam proses penanganan pelanggaran tindak pidana Pemilu, yang berdampak pada tidak dilanjutkanya penanganan pelanggaran tindak pidana Pemilu. Di samping itu pula, dalam terjadi pergantian personil penyidik dan penuntut di saat proses penanganan pelanggaran tengah berjalan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif. Adapun hasil penelitian memberikan gambaran yakni redesain terhadap penanganan pelanggaran tindak pidana Pemilu dilakukan dengan dua pendekatan yakni pertama, Pasal 492, Pasal 494, Pasal 495 ayat (1) dan ayat (2), Pasal 513, Pasal 515, Pasal 518, Pasal 545. Kedua, redesain terhadap penanganan tindak pidana Pemilu melalui dengan memberlakukan konsep ketentuan Pasal 486 ayat (2) dan ayat (4) secara tegas pada pola penanganan tindak pidana Pemilu oleh Sentra Gakkumdu dengan menempatkan rentang kendali penghentian proses penyidikan dan penuntutan melalui instrument hukum yang dikeluarkan oleh Bawaslu.  

The purpose of this study was to find out the legal basis for the protection of caregivers and the forms of legal protection of caregivers in taking disciplinary action against cadets of the Police Academy and the forms of disciplinary action by caregivers against cadets of the Police Academy who commit disciplinary violations. The police in creating prospective leaders must be specially educated at a Police Education Institution, namely the Police Academy. The Police Academy or often abbreviated as Akpol is an educational institution to produce Polri officers. The Police Academy is an element implementing the education for the formation of Polri Officers who are under Kalemdikpol. In educating police leaders, professional caregivers are needed in educating them. The research method used is normative juridical, namely legal research conducted by examining literature or secondary data as the basis for research by conducting a search of regulations and literature related to the problem under study. The results of this study indicate that the legal basis for the protection of caregivers in carrying out disciplinary actions against Police Academy Cadets is the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 23 of 2003 concerning the National Education System, Law No. 14 of 2005 concerning Teachers and Lecturers, Government Regulation No. 74 of 2008 Concerning Teachers, PGRI MoU with POLRI No B/53/XII/2012 and 1003/UM/PB/XX/2012 Concerning the Protection of the Teacher Profession, Supreme Court Decision No 1554 K/Pid/2013 Concerning Reasons for Penalizing Teachers Who Commit Disciplinary Actions , Regulation of the Head of the Police Education and Training Institute No. 1 of 2021 Concerning the Life of Students at the Police Academy, Regulation of the Head of the Police Education and Training Institute No. 3 of 2021 concerning Assessment of Educational Outcomes of Police Academy Cadets, Regulation of the Head of the Police Education and Training Institute No. 2 of 2021 Concerning the Academy Council at the Police Academy, reasons for abolishing crimes that are outside the law (KUHP). The form of legal protection for caregivers in carrying out disciplinary actions against Police Academy Cadets is that there are reasons for eliminating crimes that are outside the law (KUHP), namely the rights of parents and teachers to discipline their children or students (tuchtrecht). Thus caregivers who take disciplinary action against Police Academy cadets cannot be punished. Forms of disciplinary action by caregivers against Police Academy Cadets who commit disciplinary violations, namely direct reprimand, giving special educational assignments, other physical actions that are coaching in nature. In taking action against the offenders, the role of Urgakplin (Disciplinary Enforcement Affairs) is needed because URGAPLIN is an element of discipline for cadets as well as security and cleanliness of flats, including violations of Perkalemdikpol, as an element of prosecution for violations committed by cadets, carrying out analysis and evaluation of cadets who commit violations .

Application Of The Pbl Model In Improving Class Students' Critical Reasoning Ability XI KC 1 FASE F SMK NEGERI 3 Pematangsiantar In Developing Materials Culture Of Love. 1) Application of the PBL Model can improve the Critical Reasoning Ability of Class XI KC 1 FASE F SMK NEGERI 3 Pematangsiantar Students in the Material of Developing a Culture of Love. 2) How the implementation of the PBL Model can improve the Critical Reasoning Ability of Class XI KC 1 FASE F SMK NEGERI 3 Pematangsiantar Students in the Material of Developing a Culture of Love. This type of research is PTK (Classroom Action Research). The subjects of this research were students of class XI KC 1 FASE F SMK NEGERI 3 Pematangsiantar. The results of this research show that, 1) Learning using the PBL model shows a good response to improving students' critical reasoning abilities in understanding the material for developing a culture of love in class XI KC1 SMK N 3 Pematangsiantar, giving satisfaction to teachers or researchers. It can be seen from the data obtained, before using the PBL model the students' average score on developing a culture of love was classified as very low with a score of 64.61. After using PBL the students' average score increased in cycle I with a score of 72.69. Continuing to cycle II the students' average score was 82.69, thus the PBL model is very suitable for improving students' critical reasoning skills regarding developing a culture of love. 2) Students' critical reasoning abilities after using the PBL model material develop a culture of love for students' learning after using class XI KC1 SMK N 3 Pematangsianar media with student learning outcomes increasing and achieving completeness. Because the learning process using the PBL model provides satisfaction for both teachers and students. Teachers are enthusiastic and students become active and cheerful during the learning process.

Times are always changing, so education should be carried out in accordance with the demands of these changes. If education is not adapted to changing times, the results will be outdated. Graduates will not be able to adapt. The Merdeka Curriculum is a concrete example of how change and innovation in education seeks to answer future challenges. In the context of the Independent Curriculum, Catholic religious and ethical education in Indonesia focuses on developing religious understanding, moral values ​​and Catholic spirituality for students. The Merdeka Curriculum emphasizes six Pancasila student profiles. And in this classroom action research, the researcher focuses on the dimensions of critical reasoning. The problem is that educators are accustomed to using the lecture method, so that students are less actively involved in the learning process. Based on the problem conditions above, educators can provide learning experiences by designing Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning models. The aim of the research is to find out how the use of the PBL model in improving critical reasoning on the material of the Church as the People of God and the nature of the One Church contributes to improving the learning outcomes of students in class XI AKL 1 SMK PL Tarcisius Semarang. The type of research used is qualitative with a descriptive approach.

Good education is the main foundation for the progress of a nation. In the era of globalization and intensified competition, the good education is the key to prepare the young generation to face the challenges of the future. Through the good education, young people are given the opportunity to develop their creative thinking, problem-solving and technological skills needed in the face of a rapidly changing world. Furthermore, good education is also an important pillar in a democratic system. Young people who receive a good education tend to have the ability to think critically, analyzing information, and participate actively in the political process. Recognising the importance of education, the Indonesian nation pays much more attention to the issue of education, even the objectives are increasingly refined. This is in accordance with the provisions contained in the preamble of the 1945 Constitution. Broadly speaking, education is an effort to educate the nation's life in order to become a whole human being with the spirit of Pancasila. The Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 20 of 2003 on the National Education System also states as follows: "National education functions to develop abilities and form the character and civilisation of a dignified nation in order to educate the nation's life, aims to develop the potential of students to become human beings who are faithful and devoted to God Almighty, have noble character, are healthy, knowledgeable, capable, creative, independent, and become democratic and responsible citizens". Realising how important the value of education is for human life, the researcher feels called to conduct research on educational issues that occur in the school where the researcher works as an educator, namely Saint John Catholic High School, BSD. This research was conducted to determine the extent to which the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model has an impact on the learning process at Saint John Catholic School High School both in activity and student learning outcomes.  This process will be conducted in two stages, namely cycle I and cycle II. In each cycle there will be four steps: action planning, action implementation, observation and reflection. The implementation of cycle I ended with a reflection that showed that student activity and student learning outcomes had not yet achieved results in accordance with the minimum standards set. The reflection carried out in cycle I is the basis for evaluation for improvement in the action process in cycle II. In the process of class action in cycle II, the results were known to be very good, thus the action process stopped in cycle II. The satisfactory results in cycle II are the basis for making the conclusion that the application of problem-based learning models is very suitable for improving learning activities and learning outcomes of Saint John Catholic School grade XI students.