The study aims to examine attempts to counter-terrorism from a criminological perspective. This research is important given that terrorist crime is a global threat that affects countries and communities, with potentially negative effects, both physically and psychologically. The novelty of this research is in an attempt to counteract terrorist crime with a criminological perspective that uses local "jogo tonggo" wisdom. This research is a sociological jurisprudence.  The results of the research showed efforts to combat terrorist crime from a criminological perspective: character identification and funding, national preparedness, counter-radicalization, deradicalization, and radical anticipation of terrorism in Lapas. Control the fight against terrorism in Java Among other things, there is still a radical Napiter, the rise of gotong royong values, society tolerant of terrorists, legal sanctions of educational institutions, and charity of weak terrorist groups. Overcome the obstacles in combating terrorist crime requires a structured and adaptive strategy to strengthen intelligence networks by improving surveillance technology and enhancing cross-country cooperation for the exchange of information, training, and monitoring of former Napiter through a religious building, tolerance, national insight involving Islamic religious figures, implementation of jogo tonggo programs, acceleration of regional action plans for prevention and combating extremism leading to violence, and economic empowerment..Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji upaya penanggulangan tindak pidana terorisme perspektif kriminologi.  Penelitian ini penting mengingat tindak pidana terorisme merupakan ancaman global yang merambah berbagai negara dan masyarakat, dengan potensi dampak yang sangat merugikan, baik secara fisik maupun psikologis. Penelitian ini penting mengingat tindak pidana terorisme merupakan ancaman global yang merambah berbagai negara dan masyarakat, dengan potensi dampak yang sangat merugikan, baik secara fisik maupun psikologis. Kebaruan penelitian ini adalah dalam upaya penanggulangan tindak pidana terorisme dengan perspektif kriminologi yang menggunakan kearifan lokal "jogo tonggo". Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis sosiologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan upaya penanggulangan tindak pidana terorisme perspektif kriminologi: identifikasi karakter dan pendanaan, kesiapsiagaan nasional, kontra radikalisasi, deradikalisasi, antisipasi radikal terorisme di Lapas. Kendalah penanggulangan terorisme di Jawa Tengan antara lain masih adanya Napiter yang radikal, lunturnya nilai gotong royong, masyarakat permisif kepada teroris, sanksi hukum lembaga pendidikan dan amal kelompok teroris lemah. Dalam mengatasi kendala dalam penanggulangan tindak pidana terorisme membutuhkan strategi yang terstruktur dan adaptif memperkuat jaringan intelijen dengan memperbaiki teknologi pengawasan dan meningkatkan kerjasama lintas negara untuk pertukaran informasi, pembinaan dan monitoring mantan Napiter melalui pembinaan agama, toleransi, wawasan kebangsaan melibatkan tokoh agama Islam, implementasi program jogo tonggo, percepatan rencana aksi daerah pencegahan dan penanggulangan ekstremisme yang mengarah pada kekerasan, dan pemberdayaan ekonomi.  

The definition of illegal fishing given by the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries is Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing (IUU) which is defined as fisheries activities that are prohibited in legal regulations that have been passed by the government, as well as fisheries activities that are not reported to fisheries institutions recognized by the government. The research that will be conducted in this study is normative legal research or library research. This research aims to find out the form of legal responsibility of the perpetrators of illegal fishing related to the policy of implementing legislation on illegal fishing as a form of law enforcement in Indonesia. This thesis will begin with a discussion of Illegal Fishing regulations, followed by an explanation of the various Illegal Fishing practices observed in the field carried out by existing defendants and the author will follow with an analysis of the utility theory's view of Illegal Fishing practices. The results of this study obtained are, The application of criminal law to criminal acts in the case of Illegal Fishing in decision number: 15/Pid.Sus-PRK/2019/PN.Bit for the defendant Dante against the criminal law that has been considered on the elements of article 45 of 2009 has been considered appropriate because the defendant's actions have been in accordance with the article charged against him. The investigation in the case is also considered appropriate, because the authority of the investigator has been regulated in accordance with the Indonesian Law on Fisheries. The decision of the panel of judges to impose a fine on the defendant is considered appropriate because it takes into account aspects of justice, benefit, and legal certainty. Changes to the legislation referred to above are expected to provide benefits to the state due to the enormous economic losses arising from the illegal fishing crime. AbstrakPengertian illegal fishing yang diberikan oleh Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan RI salah satunya adalah Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing (IUU) yang diartikan sebagai kegiatan dalam perikanan yang dilarang dalam peraturan hukum yang telah disahkan pemerintah, serta kegiatan perikanan yang tidak terlapor pada lembaga perikanan yang diakui oleh pemerintah. Penelitian yang akan di lakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif atau penelitian kepustakaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk pertanggung jawaban hukum dari para pelaku illegal fishing yang berkaitan dengan kebijakan penerapan perundang-undangan atas illegal fishing sebagai bentuk penegakan hukum di Indonesia. Tesis ini akan dimulai dengan pembahasan mengenai regulasi Illegal Fishing,diikuti dengan penjelasan tentang berbagai praktik Illegal Fishing yang teramati di lapangan yang dilakukan oleh terdakwa yang ada dan penulis akan mengikuti dengan analisis terhadap pandangan teori utility terhadap praktik Illegal Fishing. Hasil penelitian ini yang diperoleh yaitu, Penerapan hukum pidana pada tindak pidana dalam kasus Illegal Fishing pada putusan nomor: 15/Pid.Sus-PRK/2019/PN.Bit atas terdakwa Dante terhadap hukum pidana yang telah dipertimbangkan pada unsur – unsur pasal 45 tahun 2009 telah dianggap sesuai karena tindakan terdakwa telah sesuai dengan pasal yang didakwakan terhadapnya. Penyelidikan dalam kasus tersebut juga dianggap tepat, karena kewenangan penyidik telah diatur sesuai dengan Undang-Undang RI tentang Perikanan. Keputusan majelis hakim untuk memberikan pidana terhadap terdakwa denda dianggap tepat karena memperhatikan aspek keadilan, kemanfaatan, dan kepastian hukum. Perubahan dari perundang-undangan yang dimaksud diatas dengan harapan dapat memberikan keuntungan terhadap negara akibat kerugian ekonomi yang sangat besar yang timbul karena tindak pidana illegal fishing tersebut.

The Village Head is a village government apparatus whose position was to organize the village government before the enactment of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. Regulations regarding the Village Head's Term of Office are regulated through several regulations, namely Law Number 5 of 1979 concerning Village Government and Law Number 32 of 2004 concerning Regional Government so that the Village Head's Term of Office in Indonesia has undergone several changes. The purpose of this research is to analyze changes in the term of office of village heads and to find out the implications of changes in the term of office of village heads in Indonesia. The method used is Normative Juridical research with data collection methods using secondary data while data analysis uses qualitative analysis. The results of the research show that the change in the Village Head's term of office, which was originally 8 years based on the Village Government Law, was changed to 5 years based on the Regional Government Law, then the Village Head's term of office is 6 years based on Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. The Village Head's term of office is to provide residents with the right to vote and be elected to create efficiency, increase accountability, prevent corruption, youth and regeneration. AbstrakKepala Desa merupakan perangkat pemerintahan desa yang berkedudukan sebagai unsur penyelenggara pemerintahan desa sebelum lahirnya Undang-undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa. Pengaturan tentang Masa Jabatan Kepala Desa diatur melalui beberapa peraturan yaitu Undang-undang Nomor 5 tahun 1979 tentang Pemerintahan Desa dan Undang-undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemerintah Daerah sehingga Masa Jabatan Kepala Desa di Indonesia mengalami beberapa perubahan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tentang Perubahan Masa Jabatan Kepala Desa dan untuk mengetahui implikas atas Perubahan Masa Jabatan Kepala Desa di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan yaitu jenis penelitian Yuridis Normatif dengan metode pengumpulan data mengdunakan data Sekunder sedangkan analisa datanya mengegunakan Analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa Perubahan Masa Jabatan Kepala Desa yang semula 8 Tahun berdasarkan Undang-undang Pemerintahan Desa di ubah menjadi 5 Tahun berdasarkan Undang-undang Pemerintahan Daerah kemudian Masa Jabatan Kepala Desa 6 Tahun berdasarkan Undang-undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa Adapun Implikasi Perubahan Masa Jabatan Kepala Desa yaitu menberikan kesempatan kepada warga terhadap hak memilih dan dipilih untuk mewujudkan Efesiensi, peningkatan akuntabilitas, pencegahan KKN, pemuda dan regenerasi.

Excise as government revenue from the object of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise results from the excise sector including the results of tobacco derivative products such as cigarettes are regulated in Law Number 39 of 2007 concerning Excise. Excise tape in the form of a state security document as a sign that the cigarette has paid its excise. The role of the P2 field in the implementation in the field of customs prosecution and investigation of the results of supervision carried out to prevent the circulation of cigarettes without excise tapes at the Customs and Excise Supervision and Service Office of Customs Type A Semarang. The research methods used include, type of sociological juridical research, research specifications are descriptive analytical Data used are primary data and supported by secondary data, with qualitative data analysis. The results showed that the supervision of cigarettes without excise tax bands carried out by section P2 at KPPBC Type Madya Pabean A Semarang through 3 supervision methods namely Compliance Tests, Partnership Supervision, and Information Media in 6 cities and regencies in the KPPBC Type Madya Pabean A Semarang area. The existence of constraints by legal and cultural factors on the regulation of the effect of increasing excise tax on the honesty of perpetrators in distributing cigarettes without excise tax. Enforcement of this obstacle is carried out with preventive efforts and constraints on the location of the KPPBC area Type Madya Pabean A Semarang in monitoring the circulation of cigarettes without excise tax. Because the location of the Semarang City area has toll road access as a route to the city of Semarang. The existence of constraints by legal and cultural factors on the regulation of the effect of increasing excise tax on the honesty of perpetrators in distributing cigarettes without excise tax. Enforcement of this obstacle is carried out with preventive efforts and constraints on the location of the KPPBC area Type Madya Customs A Semarang in monitoring the circulation of cigarettes without excise tax. Because the location of the Semarang City area has toll access as a transportation route with repressive efforts carried out by P2 Intelligence at KPPBC Type Madya Pabean A Semarang. AbstrakCukai sebagai pendapatan pemerintah dari objek hasil Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai dari sektor cukai termasuk hasil produk turunan dari tembakau seperti rokok diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2007 tentang Cukai. Pita Cukai berupa dokumen sekuriti negara sebagai tanda rokok dilunasi cukainya. Peran bidang P2 dalam pelaksanaan di bidang penindakan dan penyidikan kepabeanan hasil pengawasan yang dilakukan mencegah peredaran rokok tanpa pita cukai di Kantor Pengawasan dan Pelayanan Bea dan Cukai Tipe Madya Pabean A Semarang. Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan diantaranya, jenis penelitian yuridis sosiologis, spesifikasi penelitian adalah deskriptif analitis Data yang dipergunakan adalah data primer dan didukung dengan data sekunder, dengan analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengawasan rokok tanpa pita cukai yang dilakukan oleh seksi P2 di KPPBC Tipe Madya Pabean A Semarang melalui 3 metode pengawasan yakni Uji Kepatuhan, Pengawasan Kemitraan, dan Media Informasi pada 6 Kota dan Kabupaten kawasan wilayah KPPBC Tipe Madya Pabean A Semarang. Adanya kendala oleh faktor penetapan hukum dan budaya terhadap regulasi pengaruh peningkatan cukai terhadap kejujuran pelaku dalam pengedarkan rokok tanpa pita cukai. Penindakan kendala ini dilakukan dengan upaya preventif dan kendala pada letak wilayah KPPBC Tipe Madya Pabean A Semarang dalam pengawasan peredaran rokok tanpa pita cukai. Sebab letak wilayah Kota Semarang memiliki akses tol sebagai jalur transportasi dengan upaya represif yang dilakukan oleh Intelejen P2 di KPPBC Tipe Madya Pabean A Semarang.

Crimes occur in many ways, one of them in the context of elections in Indonesia. The potential crimes perpetrated by political party supporters in various areas of Indonesia whose law enforcement is not working to the maximum is one of the problems. The problem in this study is first, how do legal provisions relate to law enforcement against electoral crimes in Indonesia? Secondly, the problem of law enforcement against electoral crimes in Indonesia? Third, reconstruction of law enforcement against electoral crimes in Indonesia? The aim of this research is to determine the regulation and legal analysis of the forms of crime black campaigns in accordance with the law. This research uses normative law research with secondary data and processes data from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the first study are that the legal provisions for electoral offences in Indonesia are regulated in the Law Number 7 of 2017, Criminal Law, and the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions. (ITE). Second, that the Law Enforcement Problems Against Electoral Crimes in Indonesia, i.e. the inadequate application of criminal law in elections, constitutes an obstacle to the increase in the incidence of electoral crimes that have violated the Election Law Number 7 of 2017 and the Penal Code as well as the Information and Electronic Transaction Law. (ITE). Thirdly, it is expected that Indonesia will have a specialized agency that will strictly prosecute electoral criminals. Therefore, it can be concluded that electoral crimes are not maximized due to weak enforcement of electoral law.

Every human being carrying out activities in the economic sector, whether carrying out transactions or other business activities, usually begins with an agreement, one of which is a rental agreement. Lack of awareness of the rights and obligations between both parties causes several problems and agreements are not equal or balanced. This research aims to determine the application of the principle of contractual equality in vehicle rental agreements at Pesona Car Rental Semarang and the obstacles and solutions in implementing the principle of contractual equality in vehicle rental agreements at Pesona Car Rental Semarang. The research method used is sociological juridical research with analytical descriptive research specifications. The sampling technique in this research was non-random sampling using purpove sampling with data collection techniques using primary and secondary data, with qualitative data analysis. The results of the research show that the application of the principle of contractual equality at Pesona Car Rental Semarang is still not fully implemented due to several obstacles that can hinder its implementation, such as a lack of understanding of the terms and conditions of the agreement as well as violations committed by the lessee. Settlements or solutions that can be made as a result of violations committed by tenants can be done through litigation and non-litigation. The role of the principle of balance or equality in agreements, especially in vehicle rental agreements, is a very important component based on the will and awareness of both parties to carry out the vehicle rental agreement and comply with their respective rights and obligations. AbstrakSetiap manusia berkegiatan dalam bidang ekonomi, baik untuk melakukan transaksi atau kegiatan bisnis lainnya biasanya diawali dengan adanya perjanjian salah satunya perjanjian sewa menyewa. Kurangnya kesadaran hak dan kewajiban antara kedua belah pihak menyebabnya beberapa masalah dan perjanjian tidak setara atau seimbang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan prinsip kesetaraan kontraktual dalam perjanjian sewa menyewa kendaraan di Pesona Rental Mobil Semarang dan kendala serta solusi dalam penerapan prinsip kesetaraan kontraktual dalam perjanjian sewa menyewa kendaraan di Pesona Rental Mobil Semarang tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian yuridis sosiologis  dengan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah non random sampling dengan cara purpove sampling dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan data primer dan sekunder, dengan analisis data secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan prinsip kesetaraan kontraktual di Pesona Rental Mobil Semarang masih belum sepenuhnya dapat diterapkan dikarenakan beberapa kendala yang dapat menghambat penerapannya seperti kurangnya pemahaman mengenai syarat dan ketentuan perjanjian serta pelanggaran yang dilakukan dari pihak penyewa. Penyelesaian atau solusi yang dapat dilakukan akibat pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh penyewa dapat dilakukan melalui jalur litigasi dan non litigasi. Peranan asas keseimbangan atau kesetaraan dalam perjanjian khususnya dalam perjanjian sewa menyewa kendaraan menjadi komponen yang sangat penting atas dasar kehendak dan kesadaran kedua belah pihak untuk melaksanakan perjanjian dalam sewa menyewa kendaraan tersebut serta mematuhi hak dan kewajibannya masing-masing.

The official residence owned by PT KAI (Persero) is a non-railway asset that functions as a residence for its employees. However, in fact, there are occupants of official houses who are not PT KAI employees, including occupants of PT KAI official houses on Jl. Veteran Semarang which then caused disputes. Based on this, this research will discuss the dispute resolution of PT KAI official house tenure on Jalan Veteran Semarang City, the obstacles faced in dispute resolution, and efforts to overcome them. This type of research is juridical sociological, the research specifications are descriptive analytical, the data used are primary and secondary data, which are taken by interview, literature study and documentation study. The data is then analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the resolution of the dispute over the control of PT KAI's official house on Jalan Veteran Semarang City was carried out by non-litigation and litigation. Non-litigation resolution is divided into 3 stages, namely: socialization, negotiation, and binding through a lease agreement. Not all official house disputes in Jalan Veteran Semarang City were successfully resolved through non-litigation, so they had to be resolved through the litigation process. The process was carried out by filing a lawsuit to the Semarang District Court which ended up at the appeal and cassation levels. The verdicts were all won by the PT KAI, so the occupants who controlled the PT KAI official house had to leave it. The obstacles encountered were that the occupants were adamant about not moving, the occupants did not come during the negotiation process, and the occupants kept asking for time to think/discuss, causing the negotiation process to be repeated. These obstacles are overcome by conducting family deliberations, namely by visiting residents door to door, issuing warning letters to vacate company houses, and the last effort is mediation.AbstrakRumah dinas milik PT KAI (Persero) adalah aset non-railway yang berfungsi sebagai hunian bagi pegawainya. Namun faktanya, terdapat penghuni rumah dinas yang bukan pegawai PT KAI, antara lain penghuni rumah dinas PT KAI di Jl. Veteran Semarang yang kemudian menimbulkan sengketa. Berdasarkan hal tersebut penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai penyelesaian sengketa penguasaan rumah dinas PT KAI di Jalan Veteran Kota Semarang, kendala yang dihadapi dalam penyelesaian sengketa, serta upaya mengatasinya. Jenis penelitian ini yuridis sosiologis, spesifikasi penelitiannya deskriptif analitis, data yang dipakai adalah data primer dan sekunder, yang diambil dengan cara wawancara, studi pustaka dan studi dokumentasi. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyelesaian sengketa penguasaan rumah dinas PT KAI di Jalan Veteran Kota Semarang dilakukan dengan cara non litigasi dan litigasi. Penyelesaian secara non litigasi dibagi menjadi 3 tahap, yaitu : sosialisasi, negosiasi, dan melakukan perikatan melalui perjanjian sewa-menyewa. Tidak semua sengketa rumah dinas di Jalan Veteran Kota Semarang berhasil diselesaikan secara non-litigasi, sehingga terpaksa diselesaikan melalui proses litigasi. Proses tersebut dilakukan dengan mengajukan gugatan ke Pengadilan Negeri Semarang yang berakhir di tingkat banding dan kasasi. Isi putusan tersebut semua dimenangkan oleh PT KAI, sehingga penghuni yang menguasai rumah dinas PT KAI harus meninggalkannya. Kendala yang dihadapi ialah penghuni rumah bersikukuh tidak pindah, penghuni rumah tidak datang saat proses negosiasi, serta penghuni rumah terus meminta waktu untuk berpikir/berdiskusi sehingga menyebabkan proses negosiasi dilakukan secara berulang. Kendala tersebut diatasi dengan melakukan musyawarah kekeluargaan yaitu dengan mendatangi penghuni secara door to door, mengeluarkan surat peringatan pengosongan rumah perusahaan, dan upaya terakhir adalah mediasi.

The study aims to analyze legal protection for Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) abroad, focusing on the difference in legal protection between legal and illegal migrant workers. The urgency of this research arises from the growing number of challenges and risks faced by PMIs while working abroad, including violence, exploitation, and human trafficking. Furthermore, issues of information and preparation before departure, as well as untransparent or illegal recruitment practices, aggravate the situation of PMI. The study suggests enhanced international cooperation, strict surveillance of recruiting agents, and improved access to information for PMI as a solution to addressing this problem, ensuring that they receive strong legal protection by international and national law.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum bagi Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) di luar negeri, dengan fokus pada perbedaan perlindungan hukum antara pekerja migran legal dan ilegal. Urgensi penelitian ini timbul dari semakin banyaknya tantangan dan risiko yang dihadapi oleh PMI  saat bekerja di luar negeri, termasuk kekerasan, eksploitasi, dan perdagangan orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kelemahan signifikan dalam undang-undang yang ada, termasuk UU No. 39 Tahun 2004 tentang Penempatan dan Perlindungan PMI di Luar Negeri yang kurang berpihak pada perlindungan PMI. Terlebih lagi, permasalahan informasi dan persiapan sebelum berangkat, serta praktik perekrutan yang tidak transparan atau ilegal, memperparah kondisi PMI. Penelitian ini menyarankan peningkatan kerjasama internasional, pengawasan agen perekrutan yang ketat, dan peningkatan akses informasi bagi PMI sebagai solusi untuk mengatasi masalah ini, memastikan bahwa mereka menerima perlindungan hukum yang kuat sesuai dengan hukum internasional dan nasional.

Literacy quality is an important aspect in developing students' abilities, especially in the current digital era. This research aims to explore the use of the online media Instagram in improving the literacy quality of students of the Islamic Communication and Broadcasting Study Program (KPI) A, North Sumatra State Islamic University (UINSU) in semester 6. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and observations of participants who actively use Instagram in their academic activities. Research findings show that creative and targeted use of Instagram can improve the literacy quality of KPI A UINSU students. Through the available visual and text features, students can expand their knowledge about current issues in the field of Islamic communication and broadcasting, as well as improve their reading, writing and critical thinking skills. Apart from that, collaboration between students and lecturers via Instagram also opens up space for in-depth discussion and reflection, increasing understanding and appreciation of lecture material. The implication of this research is the importance of integrating social media in learning strategies to facilitate the holistic development of student literacy in higher education.

Pancasila dan bhinneka tunggal ika sangat penting bagi bangsa Indonesia.Bukan hanya sebagai semboyan melainkan lebih sebagai alat pemersatu bangsa. Pada era politik ini, bhineka tunggal ika sedang diuji oleh kelompok-kelompok yang menggunakan politik identitas untuk meraih kekuasaan bahkan dengan cara mengubah pancasila dan bhineka tunggal ika menjadi khalifah dan syariat islam. Kelompok-kelompok beraliran ekstrim ini sangat berbahaya bagi keutuhan NKRI (Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia) karena Indonesia terdari dari berbagai suku bangsa, agama, ras yang berbeda yang disatukan dengan pancasila dan bhineka tunggal ika sehingga apabila bhineka tunggal ika dan pancasila diubah maka dikhawatirkan Indonesia akan pacah atau bubar