Mangroves on Bengkalis Island experienced a decline between 2000 and 2019. This decrease in mangrove forest area was caused by anthropogenic activities and natural factors, such as coastal erosion. The objective of this study is to assess the current condition of mangroves on Bengkalis Island, Riau, Indonesia. The research was conducted in March 2024 across four rivers on Bengkalis Island, with each river containing three research stations: upstream, midstream, and downstream. Data collection involved capturing aerial photos of mangroves using drones over 100 m x 100 m. The photos were analyzed using the supervised image classification method to identify and assess mangrove land cover. A total of 11 mangrove species were identified along the rivers. The most widely distributed species across all locations were Rhizophora apiculata and Xylocarpus granatum. Canopy cover at all research sites was classified as dense, with coverage exceeding 75%. This study provides crucial information about the condition of mangroves on Bengkalis Island, serving as a guideline for future restoration efforts.

Alphitobius diaperinus is a well-known insect pest in broiler farms. Larvae and adults of A. diaperinus act as disease vectors for poultry, and their presence has the potential to increase the risk of carcass contamination in slaughterhouses. Chemical insecticide control is still considered ineffective and environmentally unfriendly. Plant-based insecticide formulations offer a more environmentally friendly approach to pest control compared to chemical insecticides. The ethanol extract of Gamal leaves was tested on the darkling beetle A. diaperinus to determine its insecticidal activity. Five pairs of A. diaperinus were treated at five levels of extract concentration and then maintained in an insect container with wheat bran (pollard) food for 5 weeks. The insecticidal efficacy was measured based on the difference in mortality in the toxicity test and the reproductive ability of adult A. diaperinus by counting the number of larvae produced during the rearing period. The results showed that differences in extract concentrations significantly affected toxicity and the number of larvae produced. The more concentrated the extract, the higher the insect mortality, with the estimated LC50 value of the extract being 20.80% concentration within 72 hours. Reproductive ability showed that the higher the concentration of the extract, causing a decrease in the number of larvae produced, with the optimum concentration found in the 80% treatment. Thus, Gamal leaf extract has potential as a botanical insecticide for biological control of A. diaperinus pest.

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum) are a popular spice vegetable cultivated in Indonesia, ranging from lowlands to highlands. Their demand continues to grow as they are an essential kitchen commodity, although their prices often fluctuate. This research aimed to examine the disease symptoms in shallot plants caused by pathogenic fungi and to identify the types of pathogenic fungi present on agricultural land in Bangsalan Village, Boyolali Regency. The study consisted of three blocks, each containing 12 plots, and each plot comprising 15 plants. From each plot, five plants were randomly selected as samples. This qualitative research utilized observational and descriptive methods, where symptoms observed in the field were described and identified based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Macroscopic identification revealed symptoms such as wilting, rot, and spots on both leaves and tubers. Microscopic identification confirmed infections by the fungi Colletotrichum sp. (causing anthracnose), Fusarium spp., and Aspergillus sp. on shallots. The findings from this study provide valuable recommendations for managing shallot diseases in subsequent planting seasons if similar symptoms are observed.

The exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) introduces a multitude of security challenges, as a vast number of connected devices often operate with inadequate protection measures. This vulnerability heightens the risk of cyberattacks, data breaches, and hacking, exposing systems and sensitive information to increased threats. Ensuring security in the IoT ecosystem while considering this rapidly expanding technology's physical limitations and specific requirements is a complex task. This article comprehensively analyzes the primary vulnerabilities and risks associated with IoT, exploring innovative strategies and effective solutions to strengthen its security framework. The article highlights the critical role of secure device authentication, data encryption, regular updates, and continuous monitoring by addressing the intricacies of communication protocols and emphasizing the need for standardization. Ultimately, this work advocates for a holistic approach to IoT security, where robust, adaptable solutions are developed to safeguard against the evolving landscape of cyber threats.

Accreditation is a systematic evaluation process aimed at assessing the feasibility and quality of educational institutions, playing a significant role in driving improvements in education quality. This study aims to examine the role of accreditation in enhancing the quality of education at MTs Al-Idris, a madrasa committed to shaping an excellent generation based on Islamic values. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this study found that accreditation serves not only as an indicator of quality achievements but also as a strategic tool driving holistic improvements, including in curriculum, teaching staff, facilities, and stakeholder satisfaction. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for madrasa in optimizing accreditation outcomes to achieve higher-quality education.

Students are required to memorize tashrif in the Shorof course, because tashrif is the main basis in understanding the structure of the Arabic language, especially in word formation and change. Mastery of tashrif helps students recognize the patterns of word changes from roots to derivatives, which is very important for understanding religious texts such as the Qur'an, Hadith, and classical books. In addition, this ability improves reading, writing and speaking skills in Arabic. By memorizing tashrif, students are also more confident in using Arabic actively, both in academic and practical contexts. Therefore, tashrif is an important part of Arabic language learning that not only facilitates text comprehension, but also builds language skills.This study aims to analyze the effect of the singing method on the ability to memorize tashrif in the Shorof course of class 5B students of class 2022. using quantitative approach research with data collection through questionnaires filled out by 28 students. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics to see the tendency of the influence of the singing method on memorizing tasrif. The use of this singing method is very helpful in improving students' memory in memorizing tasrif. In addition, students consider this method fun and motivate them to be more active in learning.

This study aims to determine how effective the interactive learning media Wordwall is in increasing students' learning motivation in the subject of Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) in elementary schools. Wordwall provides interesting educational game features, so it is expected to arouse students' interest and enthusiasm in learning IPAS. This study uses an experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design in the control and experimental groups. Participants in this study were fourth grade students in an elementary school. Data on students' learning motivation were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using statistical tests to see the difference in increased motivation between the group using Wordwall and the group using conventional methods. The results showed that the use of Wordwall significantly increased students' learning motivation compared to conventional learning methods. Therefore, Wordwall can be an effective alternative learning media to support students' learning motivation in the subject of IPAS in elementary schools.

Optimalisasi aset lokal dalam pemberdayaan peternakan domba sebagai upaya meningkatkan kesejahteraan ekonomi dan mendukung pencapaian Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDGs) di Desa Kabuaran, Kecamatan Grujugan, Kabupaten Bondowoso. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan berbasis Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD aset lokal dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi lapangan, dan analisis dokumen terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberdayaan peternakan domba berhasil meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat sebesar 35%, meningkatkan populasi domba hingga 40%, dan mengurangi angka kemiskinan sebesar 15%. Pengelolaan limbah ternak yang ramah lingkungan dan sinergi antarpeternak menciptakan model pemberdayaan yang berkelanjutan. Program ini juga mendukung pencapaian SDGs, khususnya pengentasan kemiskinan, penciptaan lapangan pekerjaan, dan keberlanjutan lingkungan

TIE DYE, a fabric dyeing technique that combines bright colors and unique patterns, which can be integrated into the context of art learning in elementary schools. At SDN Desa Salakbrojo, Kedungwuni, Pekalongan, the existence of the TIE DYE technique has begun to be introduced in the art education process, providing space for exploration of student creativity through a dynamic, colorful approach. This study aims to analyze the use of TIE DYE as an art learning method that can inspire students, improve fine motor skills, and introduce the concept of art in elementary education at SDN Desa Salakbrojo. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through observation, interviews with teachers, and document analysis related to the implementation of the TIE DYE technique in learning. Data sources also include student work produced during the learning process. The results of this study indicate that TIE DYE can be used as an alternative learning method that is fun and effective in improving children's creativity and art skills. The use of this technique also provides new insights into how to integrate batik art into the elementary education curriculum, which can increase students' learning motivation and self-expression. Thus, TIE DYE can be part of the development of innovative art education in elementary schools. Keywords: tie dye reborn, jumputan batik, elementary school

English has become an important subject at the elementary school level, unlike when it was introduced at the middle school level. Today, English is included in the curriculum of elementary schools, as well as in kindergartens and early childhood education. English is introduced through enjoyable informal methods, such as playing and singing, to align with students' development. This aims to provide a strong foundation in foreign language acquisition. However, teaching English in remote areas like Samuda Kecil still faces challenges, such as a lack of resources and facilities. Digital technology, such as interactive videos from YouTube, is one innovation that has addressed these obstacles. The community service group at Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya, who teaches at SDN 1 Samuda Kecil, uses the interactive video "Days of the Week" as a teaching medium. This video helps students listen to correct pronunciations and increases their motivation to learn. As a result, students find it easier to remember vocabulary and show significant improvement in understanding the material. Interactive media like this has proven effective in enhancing the quality of English learning in remote areas.