The poem "Antara Gelap dan Terang Manusia" by Ariffin Noor Hasby in the book Salawat Laut aims to analyze the diski and meaning of the poem. This poem explains the meaning of each word used by the author has a certain meaning in which the reader understands the intention and purpose conveyed by the author. The method in this study is qualitative and data collection techniques using literature techniques by understanding the content of the poem. Through the analysis of the poem "Between Darkness and Human Light" by Ariffin Noor Hasby, the diction chosen by the author has a deep meaning, namely telling the story of a person's spiritual journey in searching for the meaning of life in the midst of the complexity of the world, such as darkness and light, heart and mind, sin and forgiveness. This journey is described as an attempt to find love, truth, and inner peace. This poem describes the beauty, emotion, and complexity of the relationship. The repetition of the phrase "Between darkness and human light" at the beginning of each verse emphasizes that this is a universal human condition that continues to be in a struggle between good and evil, between enlightenment and spiritual darkness.

The preparation of the Village Budget is carried out by involving the community through village deliberations. After being approved by the village deliberation, the Village Budget is then submitted to the Village Consultative Body (BPD) to be stipulated as a village regulation. After being enacted, the Village Budget can be used as a reference in implementing development activities and public services in the village. This research is a type of qualitative research with the aim of finding out evidence related to the preparation of the village budget and income whether or not it is in accordance with Village Regulation No. 9 of 2022 concerning the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget. This type of research method is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that the preparation of the Village Budget and the implementation of the Village Budget are in accordance with Village Regulation No. 9 of 2022.

This study aims to assess the economic value and contribution of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) to the income of the community in Kampung Cikupa, Desa Baru Ranji, Merbau Mataram Subdistrict, South Lampung. The population of this research consists of community members, with a total of 200 households. A sample of 36 respondents was selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected through interviews using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed quantitatively to determine the economic value of NTFP based on the market price of the products collected by the community. The research results show that the level of contribution of NTFPs to the livelihoods of the people of Cikupa Village is still very small and the use of NTFPs has not been fully optimized by the community.

The revitalization of Dadaha Square in Tasikmalaya City has had a significant positive impact on the social and economic growth of the local area. Socially, this revitalization has succeeded in enhancing interactions among residents, creating a more inclusive environment, and supporting various community activities such as sports, arts, and recreation. Additionally, it has strengthened the collective identity of the community. Economically, the revitalization of Dadaha Square has provided new opportunities for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), with an increased number of visitors positively affecting the growth of the informal economy, particularly for street vendors. This positive impact also contributes to the growth of the tourism and service sectors in Tasikmalaya City. However, the sustainability of these benefits requires effective public space management and appropriate regulatory support for informal economic actors. Further studies are needed to monitor the long-term effects of this revitalization.

This research explores the role of KKN students in environmental management in Partibi Lama Village. The aim is to increase public awareness of environmental issues through active collaboration. The method used is qualitative research with a case study approach, involving interviews, observations and group discussions focused on 30-50 village residents. The findings show that the involvement of KKN students has succeeded in increasing community participation in environmental management, creating a cleaner and healthier environment, and strengthening social relations between residents. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of ongoing collaboration between students, village government, and the community to ensure the sustainability of environmental programs.

This community service activity is aimed at helping women's farmer groups in Mulyorejo Village, Malang, in developing automatic watering technology based on renewable energy for water spinach cultivation. The system developed uses solar panels as an energy source, which drives the automatic watering machine. This technology is expected to increase irrigation efficiency, reduce dependence on human labor, and increase the productivity of water spinach plants. The results of the activity show that the use of this automatic watering machine can reduce operational costs and improve plant quality.

This community service activity was carried out to answer the challenges of modern education, especially in designing assessments that are inclusive and responsive to the diverse learning needs of students. The program involved 25 teachers from five elementary schools in Gunung Anyar Sub-district, Surabaya. The training method includes preparation through a needs survey, exposure to the basic concepts of differentiated assessment, collaborative practice, implementation simulation, and ongoing mentoring. The results of the training showed a significant increase in teacher competence, especially in understanding the concepts of formative, summative, and diagnostic assessments, as well as the ability to design flexible rubrics and assessment formats. As many as 85% of participants understood the objectives of the activity well, 78% felt that they understood the material very well, and 82% felt helped by simulations and hands-on practice. In addition, the training created a culture of productive collaboration between teachers, which was felt by 88% of participants. However, there are challenges in the form of the need for more time for technical deepening of rubric development and implementation assistance in the classroom. Collaborative practice-based training proved effective in improving teachers' competence in differentiated assessment. For the sustainability of the program, further training, the establishment of teacher learning communities and increased school support are recommended. This program is expected to create a more inclusive, innovative and responsive basic education for students' diversity.

This research aims to analyze the obstacles and supporting factors in the application of legal sanctions against inmates who violate the order related to the granting of rights in Class II A Penitentiaries Semarang. This is important to study considering that there are still violations of inmates' rights in some prisons in Indonesia. This research is a normative-empirical legal research, with a statutory approach. The novelty of this research is that there are changes in the statutory regulations and in the research location there is an increase in the number of offenders. The results of the study show that the limited capacity and density of prisons make implementing regulations more difficult. Discomfort and poor detention conditions create tensions and violations of inmates' rights. Meanwhile, the imposition of strict sanctions sometimes violates the rights of inmates which is also a problem for prison officers, referring to a comparison of data on the number of disciplinary offenders from the previous year at Semarang Class II Prison has not experienced significant changes. This means that the number of offenders continues to increase and there are still inmates who repeat their crimes. The obstacles in the application of legal sanctions against inmates who violate the statutory regulations in Semarang Class IIA Penitentiary include limited resources, density or overcapacity, resistance or resistance from inmates, and lack of external supervision. While the solutions are preventive efforts and repressive efforts.


Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kendala dan faktor pendukung dalam penerapan sanksi hukum terhadap narapidana yang melanggar tata tertib terkait pemberian hak di Lapas Kelas II A Semarang. Hal ini menjadi penting untuk diteliti mengingat masih terdapat pelanggaran terhadap hak-hak narapidana di beberapa Lapas di Indonesia. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif-empiris, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Kebaruan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat dari sisi perubahan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pada tempat penelitian yang terdapat peningkatan jumlah pelanggar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terbatasnya kapasitas dan kepadatan penjara membuat peraturan pelaksanaan menjadi lebih sulit. Ketidaknyamanan dan kondisi penahanan yang buruk menciptakan ketegangan dan pelanggaran hak-hak narapidana. Sementara itu, pemberian sanksi yang tegas terkadang melanggar hak-hak narapidana yang juga menjadi permasalahan bagi petugas pemasyarakatan, mengacu pada perbandingan data jumlah pelanggar disiplin dari tahun sebelumnya di Lapas Kelas II Semarang tidak mengalami perubahan signifikan. Artinya, jumlah pelanggar masih terus bertambah dan masih terdapat narapidana yang mengulangi kejahatannya. Kendala dalam penerapan sanksi hukum terhadap narapidana yang melanggar peraturan perundang-undangan di Lapas Kelas II A Semarang antara lain adalah keterbatasan sumber daya, kepadatan atau kelebihan kapasitas, resistensi atau perlawanan dari narapidana dan kurangnya pengawasan dari luar. Sedangkan solusi yang dilakukan adalah upaya preventif dan upaya represif.

Bullying di sekolah merupakan suatu permasalahan yang muncul terus menerus, dari generasi ke generasi, dan sampai saat ini belum menemukan solusi untuk mengatasinya. Bullying berasal dari kata bully yang merupakan suatu kata yang berpusat kepada adanya suatu "ancaman" yang dilakukan oleh seseorang terhadap orang lain yang terlihatnya lebih lemah atau "rendah" dari perilaku, yang dapat menimbulkan gangguan psikologis maupun fisik pada korban. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media sosial dan pola asuh terhadap perilaku bullying siswa SMP. Media sosial dan pola asuh orangtua sebagai faktor eksternal dalam diri seseorang sehingga memicu munculnya perilaku bullying. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah literature review mengenai variabel tersebut.

Digital Forensics in Uncovering Social Media Hacking Events as a Tool to Help the Police to Fulfil Evidence. Normative legal research or library research, with a statute approach, conceptual approach, comparative approach, historical approach. The nature of the research used in this research is descriptive-prescriptive, the author uses content analysis. The role of digital forensics in finding scientific and objective results as a solid foundation that the police must have from the beginning of the legal process according to researchers is quite important.  Because digital forensics is the basis, guidelines and reference for the forensic laboratory centre in acting to examine evidence in the form of speech or invitations made by Ravio Patra's social media account whether it is true that he himself did it or whether there is a hacking factor.