This research discusses the application of the Pacta Sunt Servanda principle to unwritten agreements related to fisheries product sharing. The aim of this research is to find out how the Pacta Sunt Servanda Principle is applied to unwritten agreements and to find out what are the obstacles to the application of the Pacta Sunt Servanda Principle to unwritten agreements regarding fishery product sharing. This research uses a normative juridical type of research. By using several approaches, namely: legislation (statute approach), conceptual approach (conceptual approach).The results of this research show that the principle of pacta sunt servanda indeed requires parties to mutually fulfill their obligations in accordance with Article 1338 of the Civil Code. The agreement will be implemented if it meets the requirements in Article 1320 of the Civil Code and the parties mutually agree as per the meaning of Article 1313 of the Civil Code. When the agreement is ratified by the parties, the principle of pacta sunt servanda will apply. Apart from that, the results of this research also show that there are obstacles to the application of the principle of pacta sunt servanda in unwritten agreements regarding fishery product sharing, profit sharing agreements are general or not specific to a sector, so that we know about marine fisheries product sharing agreements as the author's research object. referring to law number 16 of 1964 concerning fishery product sharing agreements.
 

Tindak pidana pencurian merupakan suatu perbuatan mengambil harta orang lain dengan cara sembunyi-sembunyi. Pencurian termasuk salah satu perbuatan yang dapat merusak hubungan antar masyarakat. Jika dibiarkan begitu saja maka akan sering terjadinya kerusakan hubungan masyarakat yang ditimbulkan.[1] Dalam hukum positif, tindak pidana pencurian diatur dalam pasal 362 sampai dnegan 367 KUHP. Dan Di dalam hukum islam, pencuri disebutkan sebagai sariqoh. Dan ancaman bagi sariqoh adalah potong tangan. Banyak tindak pidana yang dapat disangkut pautkan pada anak dibawah umur. Fatalnya jika subjek (pelaku) dari tindak pidana adalah dari kalangan anak dibawah umur yang masih belum mencukupi umur dalam hukum. karena anak merupakan masa depan negara, merekalah yang kelak akan menjadi penerus bangsa. Maka dari itu anak harus difasilitasi pendidikan yang berkualitas agar kelak negara dapat berkembang dengan baik. Tindak pidana pencurian yang dilakukan oleh orang dewasa sudah sangatlah biasa dikalangan masyarakat, dan penangkapan serta menjalani proses hukumnya pun sudah sangatlah umum. Namun jika pelaku pencurian adalah dari kalangan anak dibawah umur, maka proses hukumnya berbeda.[2]  Maka dari itu hal ini sangatlah menarik untuk dilakukan penelitian dan ditemukan pemecahan masalah mengenai anak dibawah umur sebagai pelaku tindak pidana khususnya tindak pidana pencurian. Pasal 4 Undang-undang 3 Tahun 1997 Tentang Pengadilan Anak menegaskan bahwasanya seorang anak dapat diminta pertanggung jawaban perbuatannya adalah ketika berusia delapan belum mencapai delapan belas tahun dan yang belum menikah. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kedudukan dan pemidanaan terhadap kasus anak dibawah umur sebagai pelaku tindak pidana pencurian dalam tiga perspektif, yaitu perspektif hukum positif, hukum islam, dan perspektif penologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan hukum normatif, yaitu penelitian perpustakaan yang mengkaji berbagai data sekunder sehingga membutuhkan bahan hukum sebagai data utama.
 
[1] Syaikh Shalih bin Fauzan Al-Fauzan, Ringkasan Fikih Lengkap, Jilid 1 Dan 2, ed. Penerjemah Asmu-ni (Jakarta: Darul Falah, 2005).
[2] A. A. Al Rosyid, Y. Karismawan, H. R. Gumilar and and S. A. Setiawan Chabibun, ““Kajian Kriminologi Atas Kasus Anak Sebagai Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pencurian” 5, no. 2, pp. 187–208. (2019).

The Indonesian government requires a Mining Business License (IUP) for mining activities as regulated in Law Number 3 of 2020 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining (UU Minerba). The discovery of black stones in large quantities and indications of being the result of illegal mining activities is a serious problem that must be handled properly. In uncovering cases of ownership of mining products, police efforts are very important in uncovering networks of perpetrators of violations in the mining sector. The problems raised in this research are: What factors hinder the Gorontalo Resort Police in handling allegations of ownership of black stones found in Pulubala District. This research is directed at empirical legal research and the approach used in this research uses a statutory regulation approach and a case approach. This research was carried out at Gorontalo Police. The research results show that the inhibiting factors in handling allegations of black stone ownership in Pulubala District are limited personnel in the police Tipidter unit, the number of cases exceeding personnel capacity, limited time, budget for investigations, lack of cooperation from witnesses and suspects, as well as a lack of facilities and infrastructure. in carrying out the investigation process.

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that cause business actors (kiosks) to reject coins as a means of payment in sale and purchase transactions at Oeba Traditional Market, Fatubesi Urban Village, Kota Lama Subdistrict, Kupang City and the legal consequences of such rejection in terms of Law Number 7 of 2011 concerning Currency. The benefits of this research are to provide information and knowledge that enriches the study of law and as a consideration or input for the government and information for the community. This research is a type of empirical legal research. The results of this study show: (1) The factors causing business actors (kiosks) in Oeba Traditional Market to reject coins with denominations of Rp200.00 and Rp100.00 as a means of payment in sale and purchase  transactions are community perception factors, refund factors, and practicality factors. (2) The legal consequences of this rejection in terms of Law Number 7 of 2011 concerning Currency are that the sale and purchase agreement can be cancelled because there is no agreement between the parties and the business actor (kiosk) can be punished. The conclusions of this study are (1) The factors causing business actors (kiosks) in Oeba Traditional Market to reject coins with denominations of Rp200.00 and Rp100.00, namely the public perception factor, the refund factor, and the practicality factor. (2) The legal consequences of the rejection are that the sale and purchase agreement can be cancelled and the business actor (kiosk) can be punished. Suggestions from the author are, for the government, it is expected to be more aggressive in conducting socialisation about money and for business actors (kiosks) and the public are expected to treat money properly.

The problems that occur in the world of education do not only revolve around the socio-economic sector, but have also penetrated the legal realm, as can be seen from the many cases that have arisen in the school environment related to violence perpetrated by unscrupulous teachers against their students. Teachers who should be at the forefront in fortifying and protecting children at school actually do the opposite. The problem raised in this research is: what is the impact of physical violence by teachers on children in the school environment. This research is directed at empirical legal research and the approach used in this research uses a statutory regulation approach and a case approach. This research was carried out at Gorontalo Police. The results of the research and discussion explain that the impacts felt by students as a result of physical violence committed by teachers are divided into 3 (three), namely physical, psychological and social impacts.

In a business, there must be characteristics of each business actor so that legal protection can be given to the works they sell. Physically, the work or product must have a differentiator from the products of other business actors in order to avoid disputes. This literature article will examine the effect of trademark rights on marketing strategies and product differentiation in Indonesia. It will certainly provide results on the level of effectiveness of the marketing strategy by maximizing the concept of product differentiation. Therefore, of course it has factors that influence Trademark Rights on Marketing Strategy and Product Differentiation.
 

The existence of Political Parties in the unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) cannot be separated from the climate of freedom that existed during the Dutch Colonial Government. Such freedom gives people space to form an organization, including Political Parties. In addition, the existence of Political Parties in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is also inseparable from the role of movements that aim to obtain freedom from the Dutch colonial government, also demanding independence. We can see this with the birth of the Parties before Independence. community’s need for drinking water that is of good quality and safe for consumption as well as in line with the development of free markets and competition in the business word, many business actors have set up refill drinking water depots which must comply wiht the Regulation of the Minister of Indonesia Number 43 of the Year 2014 concening Sanitation Hygiene of Drinking Water Depots. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the Kupang City Health Office in supervising the quality of refill drinking water depots and to find aut the factors that influencer the performance of the Kupang City Health Office. This research is empirical juridikal in nature, namely capturing the legal provisions that apply and what is happening in this case interviews to obtain an overview of data related to research problems. The sampling method used is purposive sampling, namely by choose informants who are considered knowledgeable and trustworthy to be data sources. The results of this study are the influence of tasks and functions of the health office in supervicing drinking water depots, seen from the large number of depots that do not have official business permits. The peformance of the kupang City Health Office in supervising the quality of refill drinking  water depots is not good enough, and there is still a need for improvement in terms of productivity and also the need for member personnel to be equitablein monitoring activities.

This scientific article aims to determine the implementation of Minister of Education, Culture, Research and Technology Regulation Number 30 of 2021 concerning Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence in Higher Education Environments, factors inhibiting the implementation of Minister of Education, Culture, Research and Technology Regulation Number 30 of 2021 concerning Prevention and to find out how the realization of the formation of an anti-sexual violence task force, (Study at Bandar Lampung University), the efforts made by universities in realizing the Minister of Education, Culture, Technology and Research Regulation N0.30 of 2021 concerning Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence on Campus Sexual Violence (Study at Bandar Lampung University). The research method in writing this scientific article uses empirical juridical methods. The results of the research show that the formation of an anti-sexual violence task force has not yet been fully realized because the Ministry of Education and Culture is still designing the scheme and mechanism for its formation. The formation of a task force must be realized immediately to prevent ongoing sexual violence and provide information on the importance of efforts that must be taken to prevent sexual violence from occurring.

The Criminal Code is a body of laws that precisely governs how people behave in order to foster national development and alignment with state objectives, particularly for the Indonesian populace. One of the many tribes, nations, races, faiths, and civilizations that make up Indonesia is that it maintains the diversity of religious views among its citizens. There are believers of their own faiths in different parts of Indonesia, however the religions included in Presidential Determination Number 1 of 1965 are Islam, Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. The existence of Law Number 1 of 2023 is controversial because there is legal ambiguity regarding the form and basis of sanctions against perpetrators of religious blasphemy or beliefs. As a result, their rights have not yet been granted and there is no basis for legal regulations. The study's objective is to ascertain the criminal penalties that, under Law Number 1 of 2023, are meted out to those who commit acts of religious blasphemy as well as the legal foundations for those who do so. It is possible to determine the types of criminal penalties that are given to offenders of religious blasphemy under Law Number 1 of 2023 by using a normative juridical approach.

The Village Spatial Plan (RTRW) is a follow-up interpretation of the District RTRW. These provisions have been stated separately in the Village Law. However, in practice, standardization of village spatial policy implementation has not been fully implemented. The concept of village development needs to pay attention to village spatial planning to ensure the benefits and compliance of existing regulations. The method applied in this study is the normative juridical method through qualitative review. Normative juridical review is a stage of legal review carried out through the review of library sources or secondary information as the main material by conducting research related to the problem under study. The results of this study show that to implement policies related to village spatial planning, there are two possible factors, namely supporting and inhibiting factors. To develop clarity on the objectives of policy implementation, legal certainty is needed that can accommodate the needs of village structuring and control.