The world of knowledge and technology continues to develop rapidly, especially in the current digital era, which allows works that were previously in physical form to switch to digital form. This research aims to gain an understanding of the legal protection of copyrighted works in the digital era and the role of the government in dealing with the problem of copying copyrighted works. In this research, the juridical normative method is used; Copyright consists of moral and economic rights, and to use the economic rights of a work, the copyright holder must be permitted. Nevertheless, copyright laws need to be strengthened, especially to stop e-book piracy.

Hazardous and toxic waste (B3) is waste resulting from a production process, whether industrial or other business activities, where people who live there usually find or produce rubbish, waste water or other activities that are not managed properly, which will have an impact on creatures and the environment. around it, because its nature and concentration, whether directly or indirectly, can damage the environment and the health of living creatures around it. B3 waste is waste or waste whose nature and concentration contain toxic and dangerous substances so that it can directly or indirectly damage the environment, harm health and threaten the survival of humans and other organisms. B3 waste is not only produced from industrial activities but household activities can produce several types of waste. The method used is normative legal research by examining the governing laws and regulations. This research aims to determine the relationship between positive legal regulations and the problem of B3 waste and how to deal with B3 waste so that the environment is maintained.
 
 

 
This journal discusses the influence of external and internal factors on delays in implementing environmental pollution approval and control at PT Royal Coconut. Through a case analysis approach, this research explores the impact of factors such as changes in environmental regulations, public pressure, and internal company policies on the timing of environmental approval implementation. We also consider internal organizational factors, such as risk management, corporate commitment, and technical capacity in the context of pollution control. This research explores the complex interactions between these factors and their impact on the implementation process of environmental agreements, providing in-depth insights for practitioners, policy makers and researchers interested in the field of industrial environmental management. Based on the research results, it shows that the basis for evaluating the implementation of environmental pollution control at PT Royal Coconut in West Limboto District is not in accordance with the approval, when viewed from Article 1338 of the Civil Code. The research results show non- compliance in the implementation of the agreement, which includes environmental violations and non- compliance with agreed obligations. In addition, there are several identified problems related to factors inhibiting the implementation of environmental pollution control agreements originating from internal and external factors of the company. such as, lack of legal and ethical awareness in business, lack of awareness of the impact of environmental pollution, lack of government education with the community regarding the dangers posed by factory waste, and lack of openness between the community and the management of PT Royal Coconut. So in realizing implementation it must require participation from the community and local government.

The purpose of this research is to find out: (1) the legal consequences of talak divorce on marriages with non-cash dowry, (2) to find out the legal status of the husband's unpaid dowry debt after talak divorce. The type of research used in this research is qualitative research. In this qualitative method, research is carried out directly in the field or at the research location. The research approach used in this research is in the form of a library study (Library Research). Based on the results of the research and discussion in this study, it can be concluded that: For a husband who divorces his wife even though he has not had sexual relations with her, he only has the obligation to pay half of the dowry amount that has been determined before the marriage contract is carried out. However, a husband who has had sex with his wife and then divorces or des not divorce, still has the obligation to pay all the dowry that has been determined by the prospective husband. Meanwhile, for a husband who dies, according to the opinion of most Islamic law experts, it is still obligatory to pay the specified dowry even though during his lifetime he never had sexual intercourse with her (dukhul). Paying debts in Islam is obligatory and you cannot delay paying off all your debts. Likewise, the dowry law must be paid by the prospective husband to the prospective wife at the time of the marriage contract, but if the dowry is postponed then it is still permissible as long as the time for repayment is clear. Paying dowry debts according to the Compilation of Islamic Law is permissible to be owed and may also be deferred if the bride-to-be is happy and gives permission if the dowry is deferred. In this case, the dowry is still owed in the event of separation (divorce), a husband's obligation is to pay the dowry from the assets owned by a husband during the marriage and the dowry owed can be settled after the divorce occurs.
 
 

In the era of technology 4.0, Indonesia is pursuing progress through the adoption of smart contracts on the blockchain. The government responded to this by establishing technology regulations to address emerging challenges. Legal principles demonstrate their adaptability in the digital era by utilizing information technology to build a modern legal and administrative framework, in line with the vision of industrial development 4.0. This normative juridical legal research evaluates the application of legal norms in a concrete context, using statutory and conceptual approaches. Data collection was carried out through literature study using primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. Data analysis uses qualitative descriptive methods. Smart contracts are increasingly widely used, especially in electronic transactions such as stock trading, crypto and hotel reservations. As a form of electronic agreement, smart contracts facilitate the automation of contract processes. However, its use must comply with the law and technology neutral principles in the ITE Law. Even though it is automatic, this technology is recognized as an Electronic Agent in accordance with Article 1 Number 8 of the ITE Law. The validity of these automated contracts is only questioned if it is proven that the automated system is problematic. Smart contracts in Indonesia are recognized in the context of contract law based on freedom of contract and the legal basis of the Civil Code. This recognition occurs because the Civil Code is open and complementary. However, the use of smart contracts must comply with statutory regulations, principles of decency and public order. Regulations governing smart contracts include the ITE Law, PP PTSE, and PP PMSE. These three regulations stipulate the procedures for using electronic contracts, providing a clear legal basis for the implementation of smart contracts.

Agraria law is the law that regulates relations between people and land and other people. Sudikno Mertokusumo explained that the law, also known as land law, is the interest of people in other people regarding land. According to Subekti, agrarian law is the totality of legal provisions, whether civil, state administration or state administration law, which also regulates authorities that originate from certain relationships. For information, the basis of agrarian law is regulated in Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning basic regulations on agrarian principles or UUPA. In this agrarian law regulation, there are at least seven principles1. These are: the principle of control by the state, the principle of social function, the principle of customary law, the principle of nationality or nationhood, the principle of limiting land ownership for the sake of the public interest, the principle of general planning and the principle of land preservation. From various literature it is known that the history of the birth of the UUPA tells the long history of the struggle of national figures in reducing the impartiality of land law for the benefit of society at large. In the era of reform, the logical consequences between political existence and interests and legal certainty, especially regarding land issues, have become a trending topic that is interesting to discuss. The complexity of land issues in this country is increasingly increasing and complicated, and is exacerbated by friction between interests that are politically charged. Legal politics consists of a series of words politics and law. (Suderto, et., al 1983) explains that politics is used in various meanings, namely: 2 1. The word polik in Dutch, which means something related to the State 2. Means discussing state issues or those related to the State Furthermore, Sudarto emphasized that the meaning of politics is policy which is a synonym for policy. In this sense, the words economic politics, crime, legal politics and criminal law politics are found. The relationship between politics and law, according to (Mahfud et., al 1998) explains that law is a political product. Law is seen as an independent variable (variable influence) and politics as an independent variable (variable influence). With this assumption, Mahfud formulated the law as: 3 Legal policies that will be or have been implemented nationally by the government also include an understanding of how politics influences the law by looking at the configuration of forces behind the creation and enforcement of the law. Here the law is not only seen as articles that are imperative or mandatory, but must be seen as a sum system which in reality is not impossible, in fact it is not impossible which is very much determined by politics, both in the formulation of material and articles and in implementing them.

The Constitutional Court is a judicial institution in Indonesia which was established on August 13, 2003. The Constitutional Court has the authority regulated in article 24C of the 1945 Constitution and Law Number 24 of 2003 concerning the Constitutional Court which was later updated to Law Number 8 of 2011. The Constitutional Court has a principle in making a decision on the material test of the law against the Constitution, which applies to everyone, final, independent and impartial. The Constitutional Court's (MK) decision regarding the age limit for presidential and vice presidential candidates (presidential and vice presidential candidates) in Case Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 continues to reap pros and cons. In the decision, the Constitutional Court granted part of the application that tested Article 169 letter q of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections. This study aims to identify and analyze disputes over the Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 concerning the material test of article 169 letter q of Law number 7 of 2017 concerning general elections in terms of juridical aspects. The research method used is a literature study of the Constitutional Court decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 with a focus on normative legal analysis. The results of the study show that the Constitutional Court's decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 is formally inconsistent with Law Number 49 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power and Constitutional Court Regulation No. 2/PMK/2021.

Sexual violence is a serious problem that affects many individuals throughout the world. In this context, drivers associated with acts of sexual violence are often the focus of attention. The responsibility of third parties, such as transportation service providers or application platforms, can be an important factor in providing compensation to victims who have experienced sexual violence by drivers. This research aims to analyze the responsibilities of third parties, especially companies providing transportation services or application platforms that facilitate meetings between drivers and passengers, in providing compensation to victims of sexual violence. This research uses an analytical approach by collecting data and information related to the policies and practices implemented by the Maxim company. The results of the analysis show that the responsibility of third parties, in this case Maxim, has an important role in providing compensation to victims of sexual violence. Maxim is expected to have a clear and transparent policy in handling reports of sexual violence involving their drivers. They should also provide safe and reliable communication channels for victims to report incidents. Apart from that, Maxim must also ensure that there is a fair and thorough investigation process for reports of sexual violence. They must cooperate with law enforcement authorities to ensure that legal action is taken against drivers involved in sexual violence. In addition, Maxim must provide support and assistance to victims of sexual violence, including access to counseling and mentoring services. This research concludes that the responsibility of third parties, such as Maxim, is very important in providing compensation to victims of sexual violence by drivers. Such companies must have clear policies, effective procedures, and open channels of communication so that victims feel heard and protected. In an effort to prevent sexual violence, such companies must also continue to increase awareness and training for their drivers regarding policies and prohibited actions in the context of sexual violence.

One of the recognized stages in addressing population growth is the Family Planning Program. In essence, the results of the Family Planning Program are beneficial for the growth and development of Indonesian society. Community participation is very influential in the family planning program, especially in improving the quality of life of the community at the village level or equivalent to the family planning program and other development programs that have been adjusted by each region. The evaluation of the family planning program in Kampung Bulang sub-district aims to obtain comprehensive information on the implementation and implementation of family planning programs in increasing family resilience and welfare. In this study, researchers used descriptive research using a qualitative approach, with primary and secondary data sources. This study uses the Program Evaluation Theory according to Wirawan, where in this theory there are five indicators consisting of (1) Input Evaluation, which aims to assess the adequacy of the Quantity and Quality of the Family Planning Program. (2) Process Evaluation, which aims to see or monitor how far the activities have been carried out. (3) Output Evaluation, which aims to see whether the Family Planning Program is running well or vice versa. (4) Outcome Evaluation which aims to see the results of whether the community understands the importance of the Family Planning Program. (5) Impact Evaluation, which aims to assess changes that occur in society. The conclusion of the program researchers is that it is running well, but it must continue to raise public awareness for the family planning program. The government also needs to reaffirm family planning not only in certain circumstances but for national needs.

This research analyzes the Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 14 of 2023 concerning Carbon Trading through the Carbon Exchange, particularly related to the implementation of the principle of efficiency in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The methodology employed is normative research with legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches, along with the analysis of primary and secondary legal materials through literature study and syllogistic methods. The findings indicate that the principles of good legislative regulation and the principle of legality have not been optimally implemented, hindering the efficiency of carbon trading. Identified obstacles include the type, hierarchy, and substance of the regulation, the institutional framework governing carbon trading, and contradictions within the regulation. The research recommends that carbon trading be regulated under a specific law with a dedicated body focusing on this issue, along with adherence to the principles of good legislative formation. The author advises the government, through the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and the Financial Services Authority, to review carbon trading regulations, optimize the authority of the governing body, and ensure that the principle of efficiency is fulfilled.
 
 

This research aims to: (1) To find out the reason why parties choose customary law in resolving marital problems at Pollo Village, situated in Amanuban Setalan Sub-district, South Central Timor District, (2) To find out the application of customary law enforcement in resolving Tribal marriage issues at Pollo Village, situated in Amanuban Setalan Sub-district, South Central Timor District. This type of this research was Empirical Juridical research, primary data obtained by interviewing 11 respondents and supported by secondary data, qualitative descriptive data analysis. The result of this research is to show that: (1) The way of living of the communities at Pollo Village, situated in Amanuban Setalan Sub-district, South Central Timor District who experience domestic violence conflicts can be settled by custom for the reason that customary law is the result of ancestral heritage that must be maintained and preserved, maintaning unbreakable kinship between local communities, also customary law is considered as fast and affordable. (2) The application of customary law enforcement in resolving marital problem of tribal cummunities at Pollo Village, in Amanuban Setalan Sub-district, South Central Timor District is seen very effective in providing a deterrent effect to perpetrators of domestic violence because the customary sanction imposed are not only punitive but also provide learning for the perpetrators and the local community so that they are afraid and do not be able to commit to the similar action in the future. The practice of customary law enforcement against perpetrators of domestic violence is carried out to correct deviation from obligations and prohibitions in customary community relations, so that the aim is to have a direct impact and direct execution on the violating party. In order to increase the effectiveness of the imposition of customary sanction.

Geographically, the SCS has an area of ??around 3 million km2 and is located between the southern coast of China and Taiwan to the north, the coast of Southeast Asian countries to the west, a group of islands in the Philippines to the east, and Kalimantan and Indonesia to the south. With the aim of being able to find out more about the Indonesian president's policies regarding the South China Sea dispute in front of the global community, and being able to find out the impact and solutions regarding the Indonesian president's policies regarding the South China Sea dispute in front of the global community. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research design. Library research is research in which data collection is carried out by collecting data from various reference sources. The naming of the North Natuna Sea in the new map reflects Indonesia's foreign policy as a manifestation of Indonesia's national interests in responding to regional developments, and the Indonesian government's efforts to carry out the process of securing territorial sovereignty and its citizens in the seas bordering the South China Sea. Indonesia stated that the SCS conflict could become open war because of three things. First, the tendency of the parties involved to use military force to strengthen claims in the region. Second, there is the involvement of foreign parties from outside the region. Third, there is no credible institution to resolve existing problems.
 
 

The purpose of this research is to analyze law enforcement against the crime of vigilantism (eigenrichting) committed by the community in the jurisdiction of the Malacca Resort Police 2019-2023. This research uses empirical legal research, where primary data is obtained through interviews and documentation at the Malacca Police Office, while secondary data is obtained through literature study. The author is interested in conducting research related to this issue because in Malacca district vigilantism occurs quite often, the proof is that in 2019 there were 1 case, in 2020 there were 3 cases, in 2021 there were 3 cases, in 2022 there were 6 cases, and in 2023 there were 2 cases. In this study, it was found that. There are several efforts made by the police, including repressive, preventive, pre-emtif efforts. And there are also other efforts made by the Malacca Police in handling the crime of vigilantism (eigenrichting) committed by the community in the Malacca Police jurisdiction, namely providing socialization about the law to the community, preventing the sale of alcohol, carrying out routine patrols. Then the following main problem is that in the efforts of the Malacca Police in handling vigilante crimes there are several factors, namely supporting and inhibiting factors. Supporting factors in the investigation and investigation of vigilante crimes (Eigenrichting) at Malacca Police Station Supporting factors include community involvement that provides important information to the police in revealing suspected criminal acts in the area and also internal support and external support. However, there are also inhibiting factors such as the distance between Malacca Police Station, the Court, and the Prosecutor's Office, the lack of knowledge about the law among the community, and the lack of public awareness of the obligation to comply with the law, which causes repeated violations of the law.

Freight can be generally defined that the carriage is a reciprocal agreement between the carrier  with the sender,  wherein the carrier binds itself to organize the transport of  goods and or from  one  place  to  a  particular  destination  safely,  while  the  sender  binds  itself  to  pay  the freight. Courier  services  and  trade  relationship  of  mutual  influence.  Development  of  trade  is  strongly influenced  by  the  birth  of  a  freight  forwarder.  Courier  services  also  participate  in  the  growth  of foreign and domestic trade. Formulation of research objectives are a reflection direction and elaboration of strategies to problems that arise in the writing, while the writing is being implemented not deviated from its original purpose. Then formulated the goal of this paper was to determine the legal protection and implementation of consumer redress against the freight forwarder.The method used in this research is the method of empirical juridical approach. While the research  is  descriptive  specification  anaitisyang  intended  to  describe  the  legislation  in  force associated with legal theories.Based  on  research  that  shows  that  in  this  case  about  liability  if  anything  happens  to  the item before reaching the destination or delay in delivery or if there are other things, the company is obliged to replace losses caused his company. and in case of loss or serious damage, the company will  provide  compensation  in  accordance  with  the  price  of  goods  or  conducted  negotiations regarding the compensation agreements.

This research discusses the implications of Autocratic Legalism Practices for Democracy, Legality and Justice in Law no. 17 of 2023 concerning Health. This research aims to analyze whether the practice of autocratic legalism in Indonesia will have a direct impact on weakening the democratic system adopted by Indonesia. Autocratic legalism describes a person who has power at the legislative, executive and judicial levels by using hidden methods and hiding behind the law to take advantage of people's sovereignty and abandon the principles of constitutionalism, so the problem formulation of this analysis is how the practice of autocratic legalism has an impact on weakening democracy. and how the characteristics of autocratic legalism can impact the validity and fairness of legislative regulations. The benefit of the results of this analysis of autocratic legalism is to find out to what extent the practice of autocratic legalism in Indonesia threatens the principles of constitutionalism and has the potential to develop and spread widely in society and of course will have a negative impact on the democratic system and the validity and fairness of laws and regulations. This legal research uses normative juridical methods, namely based on the main legal materials in the form of theories, concepts, principles and statutory regulations related to the writing of this journal.

The military intervention carried out by the Indonesian National Army (TNI) in the conflict in Intan Jaya Regency, Papua, has raised serious concerns regarding compliance with legal standards and human rights (HAM). The actions of the Indonesian National Army (TNI) which resulted in the deaths of three Papuans raise doubts about respect for individual rights to life and security. In conflict situations, it is important to ensure that human rights, especially the right to life, are respected and protected. For example, in Law no. 34 of 2004 which regulates the use of weapons by the Indonesian National Army (TNI) in peaceful conditions, allows the use of weapons only with written permission from superiors and in the context of maintaining security and requested. In the context of this case, the shooting at the Sugapa Community Health Center did not have written permission from the Indonesian National Army (TNI) superiors, which is a serious violation of law. This violation raises questions about the accountability of security forces and the need for law enforcement in cases of gun shooting by members of the Indonesian National Army (TNI) outside of emergency situations. The situation in Papua creates ongoing challenges. Armed groups in the region often threaten national security and the safety of security forces. In the face of serious threats to state sovereignty, the government, and the Indonesian National Army (TNI) may feel forced to take decisive action. However, these actions must still comply with legal and human rights standards and ensure that human rights and the right to life of individuals are fully respected. This research is normative in nature with a focus on analysis of the legal framework that regulates the use of weapons by the Indonesian National Army (TNI). Normative research methods are used to state consistency and compliance with applicable regulations. Through this approach, the research aims to provide a legal perspective on erasure actions in Papua, as well as asking whether these steps are in accordance with applicable legal and human rights principles. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a basis for recommending improvements to policies and actions that support law enforcement and human rights protection in the context of conflict in Papua

There are 3 forms of inheritance systems in Indonesia, namely Islamic inheritance, customary inheritance and civil inheritance (BW). There are various different division systems and different sources. Islamic inheritance law is based on the Koran and the Prophet's Sunnah, customary inheritance law. based on customary/hereditary provisions, while civil inheritance is based on the provisions of civil law regulations part book II. However, in the division of inheritance there are still problems that occur, giving rise to conflicts and even inheritance disputes. This research uses legal theory, quoted from the opinion of expert Santoso Pudjosubroto, who believes that inheritance law is a law that regulates whether and how the rights and obligations regarding a person's property when he dies will be transferred to other people who are still alive. This research method uses a normative method by referring to regulations in the inheritance law distribution system, such as the Compilation of Islamic Law, customary law, and BW. So the title that can be drawn from this research is Problems in the Implementation of Inheritance Division.

Gender inequality, sexual violence, domestic violence, trafficking in women, and wartime exploitation are some of the many human rights violations that occur. With the advancement of information technology and globalization, the use of violence has changed and evolved. Revenge pornography, also known as "revenge porn", is combined with direct acts of violence.    The purpose of this research is to find out what causes revenge pornography and how legal protection can be given to its victims. This research uses normative research that uses legislation to examine a study by examining theories, concepts. Some of the causes of revenge pornography crimes are as follows: Ineffective laws, the patriarchal culture that still exists in Indonesian society, lack of sexual education, law enforcement that has not run properly, and handling victims who often backfire. The state is responsible for protecting victims of sexual harassment. Several existing laws protect victims of pornographic abuse.

In facing the complexity of globalization, Indonesia as a country rich in cultural diversity and traditions faces challenges in maintaining its national identity. Cultural diplomacy is identified as a crucial instrument in enhancing national resilience through mutual understanding, respect for diversity, and strengthening national identity. This article discusses the diplomatic role of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in managing cultural differences and describes how cultural diplomacy is a vital element in national defense, in accordance with Law Number 3 of 2002 concerning national defense. The case study of cooperation between Indonesia and South Korea through the Hallyu phenomenon illustrates the impact of cultural diplomacy on the economy, politics and society. This research uses normative juridical research methods or also called library research. The data collection is done secondarily, involving primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, such as laws, books, journals, and related articles. The results show that in the midst of global cultural changes, cultural diplomacy is also faced with challenges, including multidimensional threats involving physical and non-physical aspects. Therefore, the integration of cultural diplomacy in national security policy is essential to maintain cultural diversity and national identity.

In Islam, marriage is a sunnatullah that applies to every creature. Marriage cannot always achieve its essential goals, one of which can be seen in divorce. It can even be stated that the most sad event in marriage is divorce, so God really hates it. So the author raised the theme "Sexual Needs Are the Main Cause of High Divorce Rates". The type of research used in this paper is Library Research. Using primary data sources that use material from several books about sexual needs and books about divorce. Secondary material as support for this research uses books, articles, papers that discuss divorce caused by sexual needs. So, based on this research, it can be concluded that one of the factors that can influence a family to divorce, among others, is the dissatisfaction of one partner in sexual relations, resulting in the partner's inner income not being met. Biological factors that are not fulfilled by partners are the main factor in the high divorce rate, either because they do not get satisfaction from their partners or for various reasons.

Sexual harassment is a serious issue affecting individual well-being and societal integrity. Although Indonesia has implemented various policies to protect victims of sexual harassment, their effectiveness in safeguarding victims and enforcing the law remains a primary concern, as challenges in implementation often hinder the achievement of effective protection goals. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of sexual harassment protection policies in Indonesia, analyze the challenges faced in implementation, and provide recommendations for improvement. The research employs a normative legal method with a document analysis approach. Data were collected through literature review, analysis of legislation, policy documents, and relevant case studies. Qualitative analysis was conducted to assess the successes and weaknesses of the protection policies. The study shows that, despite an adequate legal framework, the effectiveness of sexual harassment protection policies in Indonesia is limited by several factors. Major challenges include inconsistent law enforcement, lack of socialization and education, social stigma preventing victims from reporting, and resource limitations. Case studies indicate that many sexual harassment cases are not taken seriously, whether in the workplace, educational institutions, or domestic contexts. Sexual harassment protection policies in Indonesia require significant improvements in socialization, law enforcement training, and resource enhancement. Reforms in reporting procedures and law enforcement are also needed to increase the effectiveness of protection and ensure justice for victims. Better collaboration between the government, non-governmental organizations, and the community is necessary to create a more comprehensive and responsive protection system.

Public services today are additional needs whose role is very important in society because they can relieve the community and help national development which aims to realize a just and prosperous society in the era of economic democracy. However, public services are indeed loaded with various problems, what's more, the range itself is very wide, covering both the profit and non-profit sectors. One of the means of shipping goods that can be used is PT Pos Indonesia. Atambua Branch Post Office is one of the branches of PT Pos Indonesia which operates for the Belu Regency area, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The formulation of the problems in this study are (1) How is the responsibility given by PT. Pos Indonesia Atambua Branch for the delivery of lost or damaged goods? (2) How are the obstacles to the implementation of the responsibility for lost or damaged goods provided by PT. Pos Indonesia Atambua Branch? The type of research used by the author is Empirical Legal research, the type of data used in this research is qualitative data. The data used in the research based on the relevance of the source data, namely primary and secondary data. The results of the study suggest that: (1) Liability for lost shipments by PT Pos Indonesia Atambua Branch, namely by providing compensation of 1 (one) x shipping costs and plus one time compensation guarantee that has been included in the proof of delivery receipt. If the shipment is damaged but part of the shipment can still be functioned, PT Pos Indonesia Atambua Branch provides compensation of 1 (one) x shipping costs and plus half x the cost of the guarantee of compensation that has been included in the proof of delivery receipt, but if it is totally damaged and loses its function, it will be given compensation of 1 (one) x shipping costs and add 1 (one) x the cost of compensation that has been included in the proof of delivery receipt. (2) The inhibiting factors are the lack of communication between PT Pos Indonesia and service users, negligence from PT Pos Indonesia Atambua Branch (Courier) which still often closes communication with the Foreman related to these problems.

The textile industry is one of the 10 leading industrial product commodities in Indonesia. This makes the textile industry play an important role in Indonesia, because the textile industry can create jobs, and play a role in meeting clothing needs, and contribute to Indonesia's foreign exchange, as well as encouraging economic growth. Indonesia is a country with an integrated textile industry. Integrated industry involves upstream to downstream industries in producing final products, which include fibers and yarns, fabrics and garments. Indonesia is in seventh place in world exporters of textile products with a contribution of 2.5%. The Indonesian textile industry has quite a lot of internal factors that have the potential to influence competitiveness and need to be resolved immediately effectively and efficiently.

In terms of the ratification of Perppu Number 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation, this raises pros and cons in society. This is because the Supreme Court Constitutional Decision Number 91 / PUU-XVIII / 2020 states that Law Number 11 of 2020 is unconstitutional conditional and must be immediately revised within 2 (two) years from the time the decision is issued. One of the reasons is because in the formation of the Job Creation Law, it does not involve full community participation and is not guided by the principle of openness. But the government actually responded by issuing the Job Creation Perppu which was later passed into law by the DPR-RI. In fact, between Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning job creation and Perppu Number 2 of 2022 concerning job creation, it is relatively the same in terms of content. This study aims to examine a legal truth related to the mechanism for ratifying Government Regulations in Lieu of Law based on actual legal provisions. One of the legal provisions in the formation of laws and regulations is to make the principle of forming laws and regulations one of the conditions that must exist in the process of forming laws. One of its principles is the principle of openness. and the method used in this study is Normative. And in the results of this study, it shows that the ratification of the Job Creation Perppu is not in accordance with the mechanism for the Establishment of Laws and Regulations because it is not guided by the principle of openness.

This scientific work assignment discusses legal policies in optimizing local original income in the city of Pekanbaru. This research aims to explore an in-depth understanding of the role of legal policy in increasing local revenue in the region. In this study, an analysis of the applicable rules and regulations and their impact on potential regional financial revenues was carried out. The research methodology used includes document analysis, interviews, and comparative studies with similar cities. The results of this research can provide a clearer view of the importance of legal policy in supporting regional economic growth and provide recommendations for further improvement. It is hoped that this research will be an important contribution to the practical and academic understanding of this issue in the Pekanbaru city.

of Law No. 23 of 1992 concerning health explained that the notion of health is "a state of well-being of the body, soul and social that allows everyone to live productively socially and economically". Meanwhile, according to Mu'rifah personal health is all efforts and actions of a person to maintain, maintain and improve the degree of his own health within the limits of his ability, in order to get the pleasure of life and have the best workforce. A person's health is not only measured from the physical, mental and social aspects, but also measured from his productivity in the sense of having a job or producing economically. For those who have not yet entered working age, children and adolescents, or for those who are not working (retired) or old age, namely having activities, for example schools or colleges for children and youth, and social service activities for the elderly.

 The third source of law referred to in the civil law system is jurisprudence. When argued that customary law applies to all members of society as a whole not directly, but through jurisprudence. However, the position of jurisprudence as legal sources in the civil law system have not long been accepted. This was caused by the view that rules of conduct, especially statutory rules, are aimed at to regulate the existing situation and avoid conflict, thus the rules made for matters after the law was enacted. Law in p This is a guideline regarding what can and cannot be done. The forms of legal sources in the formal sense in the Civil Law legal system are: Legislation, customs and jurisprudence. Countries Civil law adherents place the constitution at the highest level in the hierarchy of regulations Legislation
 

Along with the advancement of technology, online gambling games that were initially only considered entertainment, turned into a source of income or known as online gambling. On this basis, the government issued Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions to regulate the management of information and electronic transactions in Indonesia. Since its enactment in 2008, Law No. 11 of 2008 has not undergone major changes to keep pace with the rapid advancement of information technology, especially related to online gambling. This research is a normative judicial research supported by a legislative approach, a sociolegal approach and a conceptual approach using primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. This study uses data collection techniques in the form of observation and literature studies. The processing technique of legal materials is carried out in several stages, namely inventory, classification, systematization and verification, after which it will be analyzed qualitatively judicially according to the information obtained from various legal materials. The results of this study show that (1) Regulation of online gambling in Indonesia is regulated in 9 laws and regulations, namely in laws and regulations (2) Law enforcement against online gambling in Indonesia has not been running effectively, seeing that the data on online gambling cases from year to year online gambling cases are increasing. (3) Legal protection for people involved in online gambling, having legal protection rights guaranteed by Law Number 8 of 1981 concerning the Criminal Procedure Law (KUHAP).

This article discusses strategies for handling money politics in legislative general elections using the Pancasila Democracy approach as a foundation for general elections with integrity. By referring to the principles of Pancasila which emphasize social justice, people's sovereignty,unity and balance between rights and obligations, this article identifies concrete steps that can be taken to overcome the practice of money politics which undermines democracy. Writing is carried out using normative juridical methods, namely research on secondary data or library materials. To realize elections with integrity, primary legal materials will guide the writing of strategies for handling political money in legislative elections based on Pancasila democracy. These steps include law enforcement, political education, financial transparency, independent oversight, active participation, public disclosure of the campaign, and use of technology. By implementing these strategies holistically and based on Pancasila values, it is hoped that Indonesia can overcome the challenges of money politics and strengthen integrity in the legislative election process, as well as build a stronger foundation for a healthy democracy and integrity.

This research is made for; (1) to understand the factors that can underlie the occurrence of psychological violence perpetrated by wives in the household sphere and to find out (2) what forms of legal protection are provided for victims of psychological violence perpetrated by wives in the household sphere. The research used by the researchers namely using the type of empirical legal research. Through a statutory approach and a case approach that is actually based on the source of case analysis obtained through interviews, while the legal materials used are primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. Underlying the occurrence of psychological violence perpetrated by the wife within the scope of the household are internal factors as well as external factors. Internal factors consist of: Family factors that discriminate, in the form of physical humiliation and the victim's job so as to generate income that is only sufficient for the needs of the family but not with the wishes of the perpetrator, can encourage the perpetrator to commit the psychological violence. Whereas external factors consist of: Economic factors and social environment as for excessive acts of using social media. The form of legal protection for victims of psychological violence perpetrated by wives in the household sphere, namely the form of protection has been explained in Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence, which has been explained in Article 7 regarding psychological violence which has been considered as According to research materials by the researchers, this article explains what is meant in Article 5 letter b, namely behavior that results in fear, loss of self-confidence, loss of ability to act, feeling of helplessness, and/or severe psychological suffering to a person.

Magelang Regency, Central Java, has great potential in the agrotourism sector that can contribute to the local economy and the preservation of cultural values. This study aims to design an Agrotourism Law that regulates the management, development, and protection of the environment in the area. The research method used is empirical juridical, which involves collecting primary data from local communities and analyzing existing regulations. The results of the study indicate that the development of agrotourism in Magelang Regency is still hampered by the lack of coordination and unclear regulations, which can trigger environmental exploitation and injustice in the distribution of economic benefits. Therefore, the drafted law must include regulations on sustainable management, rights and obligations of business actors, environmental protection, promotion of local culture, and financial support for community-based agrotourism. This study is expected to be a reference in formulating policies that are beneficial for the development of sustainable and inclusive agrotourism in Magelang Regency.

The prosecutor as the trial supervisor (Dominus Litis) has a central position in legal protection, because according to the Criminal Procedure Code, only the prosecutor can decide whether a case can be brought to court or not. The prosecutor's space for movement is controlled by a rule that binds the profession, namely the Code of Ethics. Integrity is one of the important things in the contents of the Prosecutor's professional code of ethics. Where a prosecutor needs to have consistency and firmness in upholding noble values ??and beliefs. Because honest law enforcers will gain trust.
 

The defence and security of the Indonesian state is a very crucial thing in the practice of the state so that it requires a component of citizens to participate in efforts to maintain state security in addition to the Indonesian National Army (TNI) and the Indonesian National Police (Polri), the Supporting Component is needed in efforts to defend and secure the state but in practice the community thinks that it is contrary to Human Rights (HAM). The purpose of this study is to carefully examine and analyse the Establishment of the Reserve Component as a State Supporting Defence Viewed from a Human Rights Perspective. The legal research method used is normative juridical legal research method by conducting research on library materials and using a statute approach. The results of the research are that in the Indonesian constitution, the rights and obligations to defend the country by citizens have been regulated through the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Law No. 3 of 2023 concerning State Defence, Law No. 23 of 2019 concerning Management of National Resources for State Defence, as well as the embodiment of patriotism in the state that can be carried out by a citizen who is then made by the Indonesian Government a state defence system in order to support national defence, namely by implementing a Reserve Component system stipulated in the PSDN Law and the formation of the Reserve Component is not an element of coercion or a form of human rights violation.

Comparative law as a science in the Western world is a very young branch of science, only growing rapidly at the end of the 19th century or at the beginning of the 20th century. Previously, efforts had been made to compare several systems with each other, but at that time It cannot be said that research has been carried out using a comparative method carried out systematically and continuously with the aim of achieving a certain goal. The method used is library research, collecting data by searching for sources and constructing them from various sources such as books, journals and existing research. In its development, this legal system recognized the division of public law and private law. Public law includes legal regulations that regulate the power and authority of the ruler/state as well as the relationships between society and the state (the same as public law in the Anglo-Saxon legal system). Private Law includes legal regulations that regulate relationships between individuals in meeting their daily needs. The values ??of the western legal system are not in accordance with the noble values ??of the Indonesian nation, resulting in a gap between the law and the Indonesian society it regulates. The customary law system has its values ??in certain indigenous communities, can only be believed and practiced by indigenous communities, and cannot be ratified as national law, and the Islamic legal system's values ??are believed and practiced by the majority of Indonesian people nationally.

This article aims to examine the role of regional government in implementing good governance from a legal perspective. The role of Regional Government in the Implementation of Good Governance from a Legal Perspective is a very relevant issue in the context of public administration and law in many countries. As society's demands for quality, transparent, accountable and fair public services become increasingly complex, the concept of good governance becomes very important. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. The data collection technique used is library study, which means reading and understanding the content of discussions and various types of culture from newspapers, tabloids, journals, physical books and ebooks. Good governance aspires to create a government with principles such as transparency (openness), accountability, participation, justice and independence, with the hope of achieving the greatest goals for the prosperity and progress of the people and the country.

The crime of falsifying land certificates is an unlawful act that intends to take over the rights to land ownership from the victims. This land certificate forgery case is a rare or little case encountered by the General Criminal Investigation Directorate of the North Maluku Regional Police because so far the cases that have been entered are from reports of people who are victims of land certificate forgery. The purpose of this study is to know and analyze the form of law enforcement in the criminal act of land certificate forgery and also find out what are the obstacles experienced by police investigators of the Directorate of General Criminal Investigation of the North Maluku Regional Police when carrying out their duties as well as with efforts made by police officers, especially investigators to overcome obstacles in law enforcement of land certificate forgery crimes. The method used is in the form of an empirical juridical method with primary data sources that the author found through interviews with members as well as auxiliary investigators at the General Criminal Investigation Directorate of the North Maluku Regional Police along with secondary data. With data analysis methods in the form of qualitative analysis methods, where data obtained through collection methods such as interviews with resource persons and observation of reality in the field which will then be drawn conclusions. It should be noted that law enforcement in the crime of forgery of land certificates still has many obstacles such as loss of evidence, long summoning of witnesses, search and seizure permits and low legal error in the community.
 
 

Brand is an important element of a company's identity and success. As business competition becomes increasingly fierce, legal protection of brands becomes very important to maintain business continuity. This article examines the urgency of brand protection through a case study of the MS Glow and PS Glow brands. The main focus is on legal protection of brands to prevent actions that infringe intellectual property rights, avoid financial losses and maintain brand integrity. By analyzing this case, this article highlights the importance of effective laws in protecting the interests of brand owners, encouraging innovation, and ensuring fairness in a dynamic business environment.
 

This research aims to determine the review of Islamic law regarding artificial insemination in humans. And to find out the maqashid of sharia on artificial insemination in humans. This research was carried out using library research and paying attention to the field (Field Research). Literature study is a process of searching for various literature, study results related to the research to be conducted. Literature study can be likened to a key that will open everything that can help solve research problems. The results of the research show that artificial insemination in humans in terms of Islamic law is (1) sperm cells and ovum from the husband and wife themselves, and the embryos are not transferred into the womb of another woman (entrusted mother), if the condition of the husband and wife concerned really requires it and (2) artificial insemination or IVF with sperm and/or ovum donors brings more harm than good. The problem is that it can help married couples where both or one of them is infertile or there are natural obstacles in the husband and/or wife that prevent sperm cells from meeting with egg cells. Yusuf Qaradawi said that if sperm comes from another man, whether known or unknown, then this is forbidden. Likewise, if the egg cells come from another woman, or the egg cells belong to the wife, but the uterus belongs to another woman, this is not allowed. Sheikh Mamud Syaltut said that artificial insemination uses the sperm of another man (not her husband). The law is the same as adultery and children born as a result of this kind of insemination have the same status as children born outside of a valid marriage. The Maqashid of Sharia on artificial insemination in humans is hifdzun nasab (protecting the succession of descendants) because children are included in the requirements of doruriyat in marriage. although human insemination (IVF) does carry some risks of death and post-natal disorders. Artificial insemination in humans with sperm and ovum donors will bring more harm (negative impacts) than benefits (positive impacts). Among the benefits is helping husband and wife who are infertile, either both or one of them, to have offspring or who experience problems with normal fertilization.
 
 

Bhinneka Tunggal Ika is very inherent for us Indonesian citizens. Bhinneka Tunggal Ika is a defense of harmony between each tribe, respecting differences while also strengthening Indonesia's identity profile which has existed for a long time. The development of the globalization era can bring more modern changes to people's lifestyles, especially in Indonesia. The development of the era of globalization itself makes people tend to choose new cultures that are considered simpler than the local culture in Indonesia. Preserving Indonesian culture and customs is an important aspect in the lives of indigenous peoples, because indigenous peoples are still synonymous with a lifestyle based on local customs. Therefore, this article aims to explain efforts to preserve Indonesian culture in the era of globalization. The method used in this research is qualitative with the data collection technique being library research, where the author examines several library sources as references in this writing. The results of this research show that it is very important to preserve Indonesian culture and traditional communities. In current developments, information has become very influential on human thinking patterns. To overcome this, there needs to be awareness, especially among the younger generation, of the importance of local culture as national identity and being able to preserve and maintain local culture. Efforts to preserve and preserve Indonesian culture are carried out in two ways. That is; cultural experience and cultural knowledge.

The aim of this study is to analyze the legal consequences of company bankruptcy for individuals and the legal certainty of company bankruptcy for individuals. The method used in this study is normative juridical with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. This study uses primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. Data collection uses document study or literature study techniques. The data that has been obtained is analyzed qualitatively using deductive and inductive methods or interpretation is carried out. The results of the study show that individual companies that have been declared bankrupt through a court decision can immediately give rise to legal consequences, namely that the debtor loses the right to carry out management and control over the assets owned and everything produced during bankruptcy, and the rights and obligations of the bankrupt debtor are transferred to the curator. to manage and control the debt as regulated in Article 19 to Article 62 of Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations. The concept of bankruptcy law certainty in bankruptcy law can be demonstrated in the principle of quick case resolution and simple proof.

This study aims to analyze the enforcement of law within the limits of religious tolerance based on the criminal justice system and constitutional regulations in Indonesia. It evaluates how individual and environmental factors influence crime and the importance of granting tolerance to offenders who are dependents of their families. Additionally, the study examines the protection of human rights in the context of religious freedom as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The methodology used is library research, involving the review of journals, legislation, and related materials. The findings indicate that the protection of human rights, including religious tolerance, is crucial for fostering interfaith harmony and maintaining peace within Indonesia's diverse society. The study emphasizes the need for effective constitutional regulations to ensure religious tolerance and social harmony in Indonesia.
 
 

This research discusses the Implementation and Inhibiting Factors of Rehabilitation of Children as Drug Users at the Gorontalo Children's Special Development Institution. The method used in the research is empirical with qualitative descriptive data analysis which describes and describes data and facts in the field. Based on the results of the research, the implementation of rehabilitation for children as drug users at the Gorontalo Province Special Child Development Institute is carried out through several stages, namely medical rehabilitation which begins with assessments and interviews as well as observations to examine the body and psychology in order to obtain information and history of narcotics addicts as supporting material for subsequent therapy. After the assessment, the next step is a routine examination process every 2 weeks by a health team or doctor, and administering medication according to the type of drug and the severity of the symptoms caused; Non-medical rehabilitation by carrying out a mental (spiritual) development process which is carried out routinely every day, in collaboration with religious foundations; and Social Rehabilitation by creating groups consisting of several people who have the same problem, then training in their skills to make work or crafts that have (economic) value. The Inhibiting Factors for Implementing Rehabilitation for Children who Use Drugs at the Gorontalo Province Special Development Institution for Children are limited human resources for officers; Limited Operational Funds; limited facilities and infrastructure, and lack of community support.Therefore, LKPA should continue to increase efforts to develop children so that they do not do similar things again in the future, by preparing rehabilitation infrastructure, including increasing competent and professional assistant staff. The community, especially families, must continue to provide full support for the process of coaching their children who are dealing with legal processes such as drugs, for the sake of the future of the nation and state.

This research was conducted at the Baun weekly market. The background to this research is markets that should provide quality, clean and halal food, however carrying out trade in animal meat that does not comply with sales standards. The problem studied is animal husbandry procedures in selecting livestock for farming slaughter at the baun market and the role of supervisor and responsibilities of the district livestock service Kupang, the role of breeders in terms of consumer protection regarding the sale of animal meat (Cow and Pork) at the baun market. This research uses empirical methods or methods with data obtained from direct interviews in the field. 1) Procedures for cattle breeders and pigs to be slaughtered according to procedures and supervised directly by the livestock service Kupang Regency and the quality of the meat produced is safe and high quality at the Baun market. 2) Supervision of animals and animal meat (beef and pork) is carried out by veterinarians, breeders, Kupang district livestock service, BPOM, health service, (LPPOM MUI), (BPKN), (LSPK), market foremen, and sub-district/district governments.

This article investigates the adverse impacts of unintentional or operational ship discharges on marine ecosystems and elucidates the significance of Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) as an approach to safeguard the marine environment from international shipping activities. Focusing on IMO resolutions and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) framework, the article analyzes the PSSA concept, underscores its role in pollution prevention, and explores inherent limitations. Specifically, it delves into the legal status of PSSA, the binding nature of IMO resolutions, and implementation challenges. Through in-depth analysis, the author concludes the necessity for revising PSSA resolutions to enhance legal clarity and effectiveness in marine environmental protection.
 
 

 
Medical services are the object of forgiveness for treatment and care. So efforts to improve people's living standards in the health sector, is a comprehensive necessity including improving public health physically and non-physically. In this case, the patient is someone who receives medical treatment. The patient's right as a recipient of medical services is to obtain information on medical services to find out the results of the examination/diagnosis that has been carried out by the medical team and the right to know what action the patient must receive.
 

Sexual Violence against children is a serious problem that requires in-depth attention in the context of legal protection of victim. In the case of Herry Wirawan, involving 13 (thirteen) victims of sexual assault in Bandung, has raised controversy over the reimbursement charged to the state. In it’s ruling, the chamber of Judges of PN Bandung sentenced Herry Wirawan to life sentence and ordered the payment of restitution to the victims. However, there are questions about the legality of the payment of restitution, especially since the perpetrators have been sentenced to life imprisonment, which is incompatible with Article 67 2023 of the Covenant. This study uses a normative approach to analyze this problem, focusing one the case of Herry Wirawan. The result showed a gap between the legal process and the victim’s need to obtain adequate compensation for the suffering they suffered. In addition, there are problems related to the minimality of the claim for restitution made by the victim and the implementation of restitution that is not always smooth. Implementation of restitution in legal practice still faces a minimum victim awareness and understanding of their rights as well as the perpetrator’s ability to pay restitution. The study highlights the need to raise victim awareness, improve law enforcement mechanism, and provide adequate support service. In addition, recommendations for improvement of relevant policy or legal practice are also identified. It is hoped that this research can contribute to understanding the complexity of the restitution process in cases of sexual violence in Indonesia and provide a basis for improving legal protection for victims.

One of the efforts to resolve crimes that occur in people's lives is not only through law enforcement efforts, but through a restorative justice approach that is different from the conventional criminal justice system, where this approach emphasizes the direct participation of perpetrators, victims and the community in the process of resolving criminal cases. The aims of this study are (1) to find out the application of restorative justice in narcotics cases in Indonesia; (2) To find out the legal considerations of restorative justice in narcotics cases in Indonesia. Empirical normative research type. Normative legal research (applied law research) is research that uses normative legal case studies in the form of legal behavior products. This study uses a qualitative analysis method, which is in the form of an in-depth interpretation of legal materials as is usually the case with normative legal research. In carrying out the application of restorative justice in narcotics cases in Indonesia, it has been carried out well from a procedural point of view. Basically, criminal cases can be stopped at the stage of investigation and/or investigation based on restorative justice only on crimes that are not serious crimes. Legal considerations of restorative justice in narcotics cases in Indonesia, namely by balancing the interests of various parties (perpetrators, victims, society and the State); Non-compliance with the guidelines and basic principles that have been formulated on the basis of the principles of "human development, mutually, empathy, responsibility; respect and fairness”; The feelings of victims who feel they are experiencing "re-victimization" because they feel pressured; Attempts from the formal criminal justice system to take over the restorative justice movement.

Contract work in construction is one of the common forms of work performed in the construction industry. In contract work, workers are hired to complete construction projects within a specified timeframe and agreed-upon cost. However, there are often cases where contract workers experience delays or wage payment postponements. The research aims to analyze the legal protection for contract workers in the construction industry concerning delayed wage payments. In Indonesia, there are labor regulations that govern the rights and obligations of workers, including wage payments. If there is a delay in wage payment, workers have the right to file a lawsuit or report the violation to the authorities. This research adopts a qualitative research method, analyzing data and gathering information from various sources. Legal protection plays a crucial role in safeguarding workers. Some relevant legal roles include employment agreements, which enable workers to enter into contractual agreements with employers that protect their rights.

In maintaining the security of personal data in the digital era, it is very important to remember that personal data can be used by unauthorized parties for various purposes. This is like the notary profession which is now required to be able to maintain the security of each client's data. Notaries can participate in recording important digital documents, such as deeds and contracts, which can help prevent manipulation. Due to the problems that occur, of course the role of the notary in maintaining data security must be considered, especially in transactions and legal documents. Even though the digital world has changed the way many transactions are carried out, the role of notaries still plays an important role in ensuring the validity, integrity and security of digital documents. Notaries can witness and certify contracts and digital legal documents, making them legally valid. The aim of this research is to explain and analyze the role of notaries in maintaining the security of personal data in the digital era. The approach used in this research is a juridical-empirical approach. The results of this research are that the role of notaries in maintaining data security in the digital era has an important role in validating digital signatures. By verifying identity and ensuring that digital signatures are valid, notaries help ensure security in digital transactions. In addition, notaries can also provide digital certificates that confirm the validity of digital signatures and electronic documents. This certificate is a strong proof of authentication. This is proof that the Notary ensures that digital transactions comply with applicable laws, including data privacy regulations and cyber security regulations. This helps keep data secure.

This research aims to evaluate the response of law enforcement officials to 4,444 cases of criminal acts of gambling via electronic media in Indonesia. The approach in this research refers to legal norms contained in legal regulations and literature, involving normative legal analysis and a qualitative approach. The research results show that law enforcement policies against criminal acts of gambling via electronic media need to be regulated and integrated in the legal field, as well as developing new laws. The use of these legal instruments is considered important to support development in various sectors, which depends on development needs, community legal awareness, and their views on behavioral assessment. In imposing sentences on perpetrators of gambling crimes, a general minimum criminal system and a special maximum criminal system are applied. However, in this system, judges do not have complete freedom to determine the appropriate type of punishment, but must follow the provisions for criminal intimidation regulated in law. In conclusion, to eradicate criminal acts of gambling via electronic media in Indonesia, it is necessary to increase the quality and quantity of Information Technology and Electronic Equipment (ITE) investigators at the National Police and National Police Headquarters levels, especially because law enforcement officers face difficulties identifying online gambling brokers who use fake identities and catch them effectively.

This research discusses the application of the Pacta Sunt Servanda principle to unwritten agreements related to fisheries product sharing. The aim of this research is to find out how the Pacta Sunt Servanda Principle is applied to unwritten agreements and to find out what are the obstacles to the application of the Pacta Sunt Servanda Principle to unwritten agreements regarding fishery product sharing. This research uses a normative juridical type of research. By using several approaches, namely: legislation (statute approach), conceptual approach (conceptual approach).The results of this research show that the principle of pacta sunt servanda indeed requires parties to mutually fulfill their obligations in accordance with Article 1338 of the Civil Code. The agreement will be implemented if it meets the requirements in Article 1320 of the Civil Code and the parties mutually agree as per the meaning of Article 1313 of the Civil Code. When the agreement is ratified by the parties, the principle of pacta sunt servanda will apply. Apart from that, the results of this research also show that there are obstacles to the application of the principle of pacta sunt servanda in unwritten agreements regarding fishery product sharing, profit sharing agreements are general or not specific to a sector, so that we know about marine fisheries product sharing agreements as the author's research object. referring to law number 16 of 1964 concerning fishery product sharing agreements.
 

Tindak pidana pencurian merupakan suatu perbuatan mengambil harta orang lain dengan cara sembunyi-sembunyi. Pencurian termasuk salah satu perbuatan yang dapat merusak hubungan antar masyarakat. Jika dibiarkan begitu saja maka akan sering terjadinya kerusakan hubungan masyarakat yang ditimbulkan.[1] Dalam hukum positif, tindak pidana pencurian diatur dalam pasal 362 sampai dnegan 367 KUHP. Dan Di dalam hukum islam, pencuri disebutkan sebagai sariqoh. Dan ancaman bagi sariqoh adalah potong tangan. Banyak tindak pidana yang dapat disangkut pautkan pada anak dibawah umur. Fatalnya jika subjek (pelaku) dari tindak pidana adalah dari kalangan anak dibawah umur yang masih belum mencukupi umur dalam hukum. karena anak merupakan masa depan negara, merekalah yang kelak akan menjadi penerus bangsa. Maka dari itu anak harus difasilitasi pendidikan yang berkualitas agar kelak negara dapat berkembang dengan baik. Tindak pidana pencurian yang dilakukan oleh orang dewasa sudah sangatlah biasa dikalangan masyarakat, dan penangkapan serta menjalani proses hukumnya pun sudah sangatlah umum. Namun jika pelaku pencurian adalah dari kalangan anak dibawah umur, maka proses hukumnya berbeda.[2]  Maka dari itu hal ini sangatlah menarik untuk dilakukan penelitian dan ditemukan pemecahan masalah mengenai anak dibawah umur sebagai pelaku tindak pidana khususnya tindak pidana pencurian. Pasal 4 Undang-undang 3 Tahun 1997 Tentang Pengadilan Anak menegaskan bahwasanya seorang anak dapat diminta pertanggung jawaban perbuatannya adalah ketika berusia delapan belum mencapai delapan belas tahun dan yang belum menikah. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kedudukan dan pemidanaan terhadap kasus anak dibawah umur sebagai pelaku tindak pidana pencurian dalam tiga perspektif, yaitu perspektif hukum positif, hukum islam, dan perspektif penologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan hukum normatif, yaitu penelitian perpustakaan yang mengkaji berbagai data sekunder sehingga membutuhkan bahan hukum sebagai data utama.
 
[1] Syaikh Shalih bin Fauzan Al-Fauzan, Ringkasan Fikih Lengkap, Jilid 1 Dan 2, ed. Penerjemah Asmu-ni (Jakarta: Darul Falah, 2005).
[2] A. A. Al Rosyid, Y. Karismawan, H. R. Gumilar and and S. A. Setiawan Chabibun, ““Kajian Kriminologi Atas Kasus Anak Sebagai Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pencurian” 5, no. 2, pp. 187–208. (2019).

The Indonesian government requires a Mining Business License (IUP) for mining activities as regulated in Law Number 3 of 2020 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining (UU Minerba). The discovery of black stones in large quantities and indications of being the result of illegal mining activities is a serious problem that must be handled properly. In uncovering cases of ownership of mining products, police efforts are very important in uncovering networks of perpetrators of violations in the mining sector. The problems raised in this research are: What factors hinder the Gorontalo Resort Police in handling allegations of ownership of black stones found in Pulubala District. This research is directed at empirical legal research and the approach used in this research uses a statutory regulation approach and a case approach. This research was carried out at Gorontalo Police. The research results show that the inhibiting factors in handling allegations of black stone ownership in Pulubala District are limited personnel in the police Tipidter unit, the number of cases exceeding personnel capacity, limited time, budget for investigations, lack of cooperation from witnesses and suspects, as well as a lack of facilities and infrastructure. in carrying out the investigation process.

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that cause business actors (kiosks) to reject coins as a means of payment in sale and purchase transactions at Oeba Traditional Market, Fatubesi Urban Village, Kota Lama Subdistrict, Kupang City and the legal consequences of such rejection in terms of Law Number 7 of 2011 concerning Currency. The benefits of this research are to provide information and knowledge that enriches the study of law and as a consideration or input for the government and information for the community. This research is a type of empirical legal research. The results of this study show: (1) The factors causing business actors (kiosks) in Oeba Traditional Market to reject coins with denominations of Rp200.00 and Rp100.00 as a means of payment in sale and purchase  transactions are community perception factors, refund factors, and practicality factors. (2) The legal consequences of this rejection in terms of Law Number 7 of 2011 concerning Currency are that the sale and purchase agreement can be cancelled because there is no agreement between the parties and the business actor (kiosk) can be punished. The conclusions of this study are (1) The factors causing business actors (kiosks) in Oeba Traditional Market to reject coins with denominations of Rp200.00 and Rp100.00, namely the public perception factor, the refund factor, and the practicality factor. (2) The legal consequences of the rejection are that the sale and purchase agreement can be cancelled and the business actor (kiosk) can be punished. Suggestions from the author are, for the government, it is expected to be more aggressive in conducting socialisation about money and for business actors (kiosks) and the public are expected to treat money properly.

The problems that occur in the world of education do not only revolve around the socio-economic sector, but have also penetrated the legal realm, as can be seen from the many cases that have arisen in the school environment related to violence perpetrated by unscrupulous teachers against their students. Teachers who should be at the forefront in fortifying and protecting children at school actually do the opposite. The problem raised in this research is: what is the impact of physical violence by teachers on children in the school environment. This research is directed at empirical legal research and the approach used in this research uses a statutory regulation approach and a case approach. This research was carried out at Gorontalo Police. The results of the research and discussion explain that the impacts felt by students as a result of physical violence committed by teachers are divided into 3 (three), namely physical, psychological and social impacts.

In a business, there must be characteristics of each business actor so that legal protection can be given to the works they sell. Physically, the work or product must have a differentiator from the products of other business actors in order to avoid disputes. This literature article will examine the effect of trademark rights on marketing strategies and product differentiation in Indonesia. It will certainly provide results on the level of effectiveness of the marketing strategy by maximizing the concept of product differentiation. Therefore, of course it has factors that influence Trademark Rights on Marketing Strategy and Product Differentiation.
 

The existence of Political Parties in the unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) cannot be separated from the climate of freedom that existed during the Dutch Colonial Government. Such freedom gives people space to form an organization, including Political Parties. In addition, the existence of Political Parties in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is also inseparable from the role of movements that aim to obtain freedom from the Dutch colonial government, also demanding independence. We can see this with the birth of the Parties before Independence. community’s need for drinking water that is of good quality and safe for consumption as well as in line with the development of free markets and competition in the business word, many business actors have set up refill drinking water depots which must comply wiht the Regulation of the Minister of Indonesia Number 43 of the Year 2014 concening Sanitation Hygiene of Drinking Water Depots. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the Kupang City Health Office in supervising the quality of refill drinking water depots and to find aut the factors that influencer the performance of the Kupang City Health Office. This research is empirical juridikal in nature, namely capturing the legal provisions that apply and what is happening in this case interviews to obtain an overview of data related to research problems. The sampling method used is purposive sampling, namely by choose informants who are considered knowledgeable and trustworthy to be data sources. The results of this study are the influence of tasks and functions of the health office in supervicing drinking water depots, seen from the large number of depots that do not have official business permits. The peformance of the kupang City Health Office in supervising the quality of refill drinking  water depots is not good enough, and there is still a need for improvement in terms of productivity and also the need for member personnel to be equitablein monitoring activities.

This scientific article aims to determine the implementation of Minister of Education, Culture, Research and Technology Regulation Number 30 of 2021 concerning Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence in Higher Education Environments, factors inhibiting the implementation of Minister of Education, Culture, Research and Technology Regulation Number 30 of 2021 concerning Prevention and to find out how the realization of the formation of an anti-sexual violence task force, (Study at Bandar Lampung University), the efforts made by universities in realizing the Minister of Education, Culture, Technology and Research Regulation N0.30 of 2021 concerning Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence on Campus Sexual Violence (Study at Bandar Lampung University). The research method in writing this scientific article uses empirical juridical methods. The results of the research show that the formation of an anti-sexual violence task force has not yet been fully realized because the Ministry of Education and Culture is still designing the scheme and mechanism for its formation. The formation of a task force must be realized immediately to prevent ongoing sexual violence and provide information on the importance of efforts that must be taken to prevent sexual violence from occurring.

The Criminal Code is a body of laws that precisely governs how people behave in order to foster national development and alignment with state objectives, particularly for the Indonesian populace. One of the many tribes, nations, races, faiths, and civilizations that make up Indonesia is that it maintains the diversity of religious views among its citizens. There are believers of their own faiths in different parts of Indonesia, however the religions included in Presidential Determination Number 1 of 1965 are Islam, Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. The existence of Law Number 1 of 2023 is controversial because there is legal ambiguity regarding the form and basis of sanctions against perpetrators of religious blasphemy or beliefs. As a result, their rights have not yet been granted and there is no basis for legal regulations. The study's objective is to ascertain the criminal penalties that, under Law Number 1 of 2023, are meted out to those who commit acts of religious blasphemy as well as the legal foundations for those who do so. It is possible to determine the types of criminal penalties that are given to offenders of religious blasphemy under Law Number 1 of 2023 by using a normative juridical approach.

The Village Spatial Plan (RTRW) is a follow-up interpretation of the District RTRW. These provisions have been stated separately in the Village Law. However, in practice, standardization of village spatial policy implementation has not been fully implemented. The concept of village development needs to pay attention to village spatial planning to ensure the benefits and compliance of existing regulations. The method applied in this study is the normative juridical method through qualitative review. Normative juridical review is a stage of legal review carried out through the review of library sources or secondary information as the main material by conducting research related to the problem under study. The results of this study show that to implement policies related to village spatial planning, there are two possible factors, namely supporting and inhibiting factors. To develop clarity on the objectives of policy implementation, legal certainty is needed that can accommodate the needs of village structuring and control.

Corruption problems have occurred involving members of the Surabaya City DPRD, the defendant Syaiful Aidy, S.H. Setiawan offered a profit sharing of 10%-15% to the defendant Syaiful Aidy, S.H. The results of the corruption trial committed by the defendant Syaiful Aidy, S.H have been decided with the verdict number 131/Pid.Sus/TPK/2019/PN.SBY. Public concerns and declining trust in government financial management are caused by the many individuals involved in corrupt practices. The existence of the Blockchain Open Ledger System provides a solution for financial management that aims to reduce the number of corruption in Indonesia. In this research, the method used is a literature review that refers to previous studies listed in journals and articles. The results of this study show that the defendant has violated 4 elements (1) Every individual (2) which aims to benefit themselves, others, or a corporate entity (3) by abusing the authority, opportunity, or resources they have due to their position or position (4) can harm the state's finances or economy. A blockchain system can serve as a preventive measure in the management of the state's financial budget by providing clear transparency regarding the flow of funds. This allows the public to monitor the movement of the budget directly, so that in the event of irregularities or discrepancies, the perpetrators and problems can be identified.

This study examines the impact of nationality on civil legal status in mixed marriages, particularly in Indonesia and several other countries. Mixed marriages, involving two individuals of different nationalities, often present complex legal issues, especially concerning property ownership, inheritance rights, and the nationality of children. In Indonesia, foreign nationals face various restrictions regarding land and property ownership, and there are temporary provisions for dual nationality for children born from mixed marriages. In a global context, differences between countries following jus soli and jus sanguinis principles also affect the status of children and inheritance rights. This research uses a comparative approach by analyzing civil law regulations in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Saudi Arabia. The findings show that Indonesia’s civil law system requires reforms to be more accommodating to the globalization phenomenon and the increasing number of cross-national marriages. Recommendations include harmonizing national regulations with international law, implementing more flexible dual nationality policies, and strengthening protections for the rights of mixed couples in property ownership and inheritance.

The economy is one of the most important elements in advancing a country, in the economy of course regulates employers and labor. This is summarized in the term employment. In employment, of course, guarantees have been made that require equality by means of labor inspection, but what happens in the field still illustrates inequality in the world of labor. So this research takes a concept called equal pay for equal work in a means of guaranteeing equality and is linked to human rights. This research uses descriptive qualitative methodology. By bringing the problem of how equal pay for equal work in human rights issues and how the correlation between equal pay for equal work on labor law and positive in Indonesia.