Indonesia and Malaysia, as two Southeast Asian nations with shared historical and cultural ties, possess distinct legal sistem shaped by their colonial legacies. Indonesia adheres to a civil law sistem (derived from Dutch jurisprudence), while Malaysia follows a common law framework (inherited from British rule). Nevertheless, both jurisdictions incorporate Islamic law and customary legal traditions into their national legal sistem. This study conducts a comparative analysis of the legal sistem of both countries, with a particular focus on criminal law, civil law, and judicial structures, while also examining the challenges and opportunities for legal harmonization in the context of ASEAN integration. The research employs a normative juridical methodology, utilizing statutory and doctrinal legal analysis. Findings indicate that the primary distinctions lie in their legal sources (codification versus precedent) and the role of judicial institutions, while similarities emerge in their recognition of legal pluralism. Harmonization efforts face structural, substantive, and cultural challenges, yet potential exists in areas such as digital law, environmental law, and Islamic inheritance law.

The installation of sea fences in Tangerang has triggered significant environmental law violations, affecting coastal ecosystems and the lives of local communities. This study aims to analyze the legal aspects of these violations and their impacts on coastal law enforcement in Indonesia. Using qualitative descriptive methods, data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews with various stakeholders. The results of the study indicate that the installation of the fences was carried out without permits and environmental impact analysis (AMDAL), and resulted in decreased fish catches and loss of community access to marine space. Weak law enforcement and minimal community participation in decision-making exacerbate these problems. This study contributes to the understanding of the importance of integration policies, legal awareness, and the need for active community participation in coastal resource management. The implications of the research results underline the urgent need to improve collaboration between stakeholders and strengthen law enforcement for environmental sustainability. Suggestions for further research include investigating similar violations in other coastal areas in Indonesia.

Domestic Violence (Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga/KDRT) is a complex social phenomenon that requires continuous legal and social attention. In the context of Indonesia, the protection of domestic violence victims has been regulated under Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence, which affirms that victims are entitled to protection, recovery, and legal assistance. However, the implementation of these protections faces several structural and cultural obstacles, such as social stigma against victims, limited human resources, and the influence of patriarchal culture that legitimizes violence within the household. Using normative legal research methods with statutory and conceptual approaches, this article analyzes the policy framework for the protection of domestic violence victims in Indonesia, as well as the roles of government and non-government institutions in providing such protection. The results of this study show that although the legal protection of domestic violence victims is clearly regulated, its implementation in practice remains suboptimal due to social and structural barriers. Therefore, strong legal policies must be supported by the synergy of law enforcement institutions, social organizations, and community participation to ensure effective and sustainable protection for victims. These findings are expected to contribute to the formulation of future policies that are more responsive to the protection of the rights of domestic violence victims.

This study discusses the role of Pancasila as the foundational and ideological basis of the Indonesian state in the context of international diplomacy, as well as its implications for the formation of national law and foreign policy. Pancasila functions not only as a normative foundation but also as a form of soft power that supports Indonesia's position in the global arena. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach, drawing from journals, books, and relevant legal documents. The findings indicate that Pancasila influences Indonesia’s foreign diplomacy through core values such as social justice, deliberation, and humanity. However, challenges remain in its implementation, particularly in maintaining consistency between Pancasila’s values and global as well as national interests. In the context of international law, Pancasila as a legal ideal (rechtsidee) contributes to the development of a just, inclusive, and tolerant legal system. Therefore, revitalizing the understanding of Pancasila is crucial to ensure it remains a central guideline in every foreign policy decision and national legal development in Indonesia.

Murder has a major impact on the victim and his family in terms of psychology, social, and economics. Therefore, it is only right that the victim and his family are given protection and equal attention as given to the perpetrator in the judicial process. However, in practice, the criminal justice system is still focused on the perpetrator and the criminalization process while the rights and attention of the victim and his family tend to be sidelined. This study aims to analyze the psychosocial impact on the victim and his family and the extent to which the guarantee and implementation of the protection of the victim's rights related to the case in Decision Number 448/Pid.B/2023/PN Serang. The method used in this study is empirical yuridical based on data obtained directly through interviews. The results of this study indicate that the victim's family from the case in Decision Number 448/Pid.B/2023/PN Serang experienced long-term psychological trauma, social stigma against the victim's partner because of the case's connection to infidelity, and economic difficulties due to the loss of the main source of income. In addition, there is also fear and insecurity about the occurrence of similar crimes in society. During the judicial process, the position of the victim and his/her family is merely an instrument needed to ensnare the perpetrator while their rights such as financial compensation, mental rehabilitation, and legal protection tend to be ignored. A more significant role for the victim as a subject entitled to recovery and legal protection will reflect a just and humane criminal justice system.

Currently, there are many cases of unclear child identity status, such as for adopted children. The importance of a birth certificate issued immediately after delivery is to provide the authentic identity details of the child, which are vital for establishing the child’s origin. Some key points regarding adopted children are that adoption does not sever the biological relationship between the child and their birth parents. An adopted child has the same rights as a biological child, such as having a birth certificate and being included in the Family Card. However, an adopted child does not inherit from their adoptive parents unless specified by a will or a mandatory will. Medical personnel are required to issue a birth certificate that reflects the actual circumstances, as this will impact the child's rights in the future. A birth certificate contains information such as the date, time, and place of birth, gender, weight, and the names of the parents. According to Law No. 35 of 2014, Article (1), an individual's identity must be established at birth, and Article (2) states that the identity is documented in a birth certificate. The state, government, society, family, and parents are all obligated to ensure the protection of children, as they are physically and psychologically vulnerable, immature, and still in need of protection.

Land purchase transactions in Indonesia, which often involve customary practices and are governed by law, require a written agreement, such as a Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB), to prevent conflicts. The PPJB binds both parties and is subject to civil law. In case of a breach of contract, the agreement may be canceled through the court. A breach of contract accompanied by fraud can result in criminal liability, and the affected party may file a civil lawsuit to annul the transaction. This study aims to (1) examine the legal consequences for the parties following the cancellation of a sale and purchase agreement for land rights by the court due to breach of contract; and (2) explore the legal protection available in the cancellation of such agreements in Indonesia. The research method employs a normative legal approach with a literature review, analyzing relevant laws, theories, and court decisions through primary and secondary legal materials. The analysis is qualitative, linking court decisions to the issues addressed in the study. The findings indicate that, in contract law, particularly in land sales, certain principles and conditions govern the validity of agreements. In the event of a breach of contract, the injured party may seek to annul the agreement in court if subjective (agreement, capacity) or objective (valid object and cause) requirements are not met. Cancellation of the agreement restores the parties to their original positions, allowing for the return of any goods exchanged. A breach of contract, where one party fails to fulfill its obligations, may lead to cancellation and compensation. Contract law provides legal protection to the injured party, including the right to demand performance, annulment, and compensation as outlined in the Civil Code.

Dormant status on a bank account is a condition in which an account is declared inactive because there have been no transactions for a certain period of time, so that it is automatically frozen by the bank. In Indonesian banking practices, changes in account status to dormant are often carried out based on the bank's internal policy without any clear notification to customers. This raises legal issues, especially related to the protection of customer rights to their funds, transparency of information, and access to financial services. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which the State provides legal protection that will be received by customers against the policy of automatically changing account status to dormant, as well as to evaluate the regulations in the Indonesian banking legal system. This study uses a normative legal approach, namely an approach that is based on literature studies by examining positive law, legal doctrine, and relevant literature. The approaches used include the statute approach and the conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that legal protection for customers with dormant account status is still weak because there are no specific regulations that explicitly regulate this matter. The applicable legal regulations are still inclusive or general and do not sufficiently guarantee legal certainty and justice for customers. Therefore, special regulations are needed from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and Bank Indonesia that establish transparent mechanisms, easy procedures, and balanced protection of customer rights. It is hoped that strengthening these regulations can increase public trust in the banking system and guarantee justice and legal certainty.

History often repeats itself in different contexts, as seen in the political dynamics of Indonesia in 2024, which are similar to the events of 1998. Although it has not yet reached the escalation of reforms, political tensions, polarization of society, and dissatisfaction with the government are the main issues. The fall in the Democracy Index reflects a weakening of freedom of opinion, human rights, and political participation. The wave of massive demonstrations against the revision of the 2024 Pilkada law showed resistance from various elements of society, including students, workers, artists, and public figures. Demonstrators demanded that the DPR comply with Constitutional Court decision Number 60/PUU-XXII/2024 regarding the threshold for the nomination of regional heads and Constitutional Court decision Number 70/PUU-XXII / 2024 regarding the age limit for candidates for regional heads. This research is a literature study with qualitative methods and a normative legal approach, including statutory, case, and conceptual analysis. The Data was obtained through the analysis of relevant legal and regulatory documents, as well as public opinion published in online media. This study provides an overview of the current challenges of Indonesian democracy as well as the implications of legal decisions on national political dynamics.

This study aims to find out about . What are the legal provisions for determining suspects as pretrial objects in criminal law and b What are the legal implications for re-determination of suspects after being canceled by a pretrial decision. The data collection method in this study was carried out by literature study, which is a way of collecting data by searching and studying library materials (literature, research results, scientific magazines, scientific bulletins, scientific journals, etc.). Legal materials are collected through inventory procedures and identification of laws and regulations, as well as classification and systematization of legal materials according to research problems. Therefore, the data collection technique used in this study was a literature study. The results of the study show that pretrial is a new thing in the life of law enforcement in Indonesia, has a goal to be upheld and protected, namely protecting the rights of suspects at the level of investigation and prosecution or preventing the arbitrariness of law enforcement officials against someone who is undergoing a legal process and To guarantee the protection of human rights and for law enforcers to carry out their duties consistently, the Criminal Procedure Code establishes a new institution called pretrial. Seeing the contents of the decision as referred to in Article 82 paragraph (3) of the Criminal Procedure Code, that there are 3 (three) types of implementation of pretrial decisions: committing certain acts, paying an amount of money and providing rehabilitation. The legal basis for pretrial authority in deciding the suspect's determination is found in the Constitutional Court (MK) decision No. 21/PUU-XII/2014 which states that the determination of the status of a suspect is included in the object of pretrial and also in its ruling that Article 77 of the Criminal Procedure Code is contrary to the 1945 Constitution and does not have binding legal force as long as the pretrial is not interpreted including determination of suspects, searches , and confiscation. Meanwhile, the background to the addition of pretrial authority in deciding the determination of the suspect is that the determination of the suspect's status is the end result of the investigation activities carried out which are none other than the object of pretrial. Criminal acts after the status of the determination of the suspect is declared invalid in the pretrial decision are basically still valid. Examination in pretrial cases is only in the administrative area of the investigative process. Often the Pretrial decision which cancels the determination of the suspect by the investigator, is based.

This journal is entitled Problems of Differences in Land Area Size Between Land Certificates and Facts in the Field. Regulations regarding land ownership are regulated in such a way by the government, but the regulations issued at this time still cannot protect the rights of land owners because until now there are still many problems regarding differences in land area size between land certificates and facts in the field. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the causes of changes in land area size in land certificates and efforts to resolve if there is a difference in land area size between land certificates and facts in the field. The method used in this study is empirical legal research, which is a study that will later use empirical facts taken from human behavior through direct observation. The results of the study state that changes in land area size in land certificates are caused by two (2) factors, namely human factors and natural factors. Meanwhile, the resolution if there is a change in land area size in land certificates can be resolved through litigation and non-litigation.

Because we are social creatures, laws establish norms about how members of society should interact with each other. The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia establishes a legal framework to regulate all human interests, including human rights. An agreement is an important document that regulates the responsibilities and privileges of individuals involved in a contractual relationship. An agreement is defined as a legally binding act that binds the promising parties in Article 1313 of the Indonesian Civil Code. However, agreements are not always enforced, and defaults occur all the time; for example, PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk is fighting debtors who have not paid their bills. The causes of default, its impact on the parties, and the procedures required by law to resolve disputes are all discussed in this abstract. It is believed that a thorough understanding of default will help prevent similar incidents in the future and find fair and efficient solutions.

Indonesia, as a country with a pluralistic legal system, faces challenges in harmonizing customary law and state law, particularly in resolving disputes over customary land that involve traditional values of indigenous communities. This study aims to analyze how customary values are integrated with state law through a case study of court decision Number 94/Pdt.G/2022/PN Jap. The research employs a qualitative approach with content analysis techniques applied to court decision documents, supported by relevant literature reviews. The findings reveal that the court in this case not only applied positive legal norms but also considered relevant customary aspects, including the legitimacy of indigenous leaders and the recognition of communal land rights (ulayat). The panel of judges issued a decision that accommodated customary values in accordance with Article 18B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution, while still adhering to the formal procedures of state law. This study identifies challenges in integrating customary law into the national legal system, such as the lack of formal regulations related to customary courts and the limited understanding of legal officers regarding local cultural contexts.

The government's efforts to overcome the crime of human trafficking committed by corporations are stated in Article 13 of Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Human Trafficking. This study focuses on discussing the crime of human trafficking committed by corporations.The research method used is a normative legal approach. This study uses a statute approach and a case approach which in principle originates from primary legal materials consisting of laws and judges' decisions, secondary legal materials consisting of books, research results, articles and tertiary legal materials from libraries, articles and websites. The legal material analysis technique uses grammatical interpretation techniques.The results of this study show that law enforcement is closely related to criminal liability by corporations so that when a corporation is involved as a perpetrator of a crime, the corporate management can be held criminally responsible and legal protection for victims of human trafficking in this case is in the form of restitution or compensation, this is stated in Article 48 of Law Number 21 of 2007, but in its implementation, law enforcement does not pay attention to restitution for victims, this can be seen in the court decision in the verdict that there is no compensation for the victim's recovery.
law enforcement, corporations, human trafficking crimes

The rise of trademark and copyright issues in Indonesia is related to the reality of globalization in modern trade, because inventive progress often causes plagiarism difficulties and challenges the legal framework of modern intellectual property rights. In the case of Ruben Onsu and Geprek Bensu, this journal attempts to answer several issues from the problem. The research method used is juridical-normative with a qualitative approach to explore data and analyze related legal norms. This study explores copyright protection in the culinary industry, the tension between name ownership and trademark rights. This journal will focus on the urgency of trademark registration and how to resolve the Geprek Bensu dispute.

Domestic violence is a critical and increasing issue in Indonesia, as recorded by the National Commission on Violence Against Women. The government has addressed this issue by enacting Law Number 23 of 2004 on the Elimination of Domestic Violence (UU KDRT). This study aims to analyze the legal protections provided to DV victims under the law, identify implementation challenges, and evaluate improvement efforts. Using a qualitative approach with normative juridical methods, the research examines the provisions of UU KDRT and its practical application. The findings reveal that despite comprehensive protections, barriers such as patriarchal culture, social stigma, and limited protective infrastructure significantly hinder effectiveness. Policy reform, capacity building for law enforcement, and strengthening victim support infrastructure are proposed as key strategies. The study highlights the importance of cross-sectoral synergy to enhance the implementation of UU KDRT and ensure more effective legal protection for DV victims.

This article examines and discusses the Supreme Court judge's decision regarding the results of the Individual Candidate Dispute in the 2020 Ketapang Regent and Deputy Regent General Election at the Regency Level during the Improvement Period. viewed from the perspective of State Administrative Law. seen from the case and the way the judge assesses the case and the judge's decision. In this article we use qualitative research methods, which focus on observation and in-depth research. pay attention to human behavior and what aspects influence it. This is realized by looking at what aspects make the plaintiff object and what aspects influence the judge to make a decision

This research aims to find out what forms of child exploitation occur in the city of Gorontalo and how legal sanctions are applied to perpetrators of child exploitation from the perspective of criminal law and jinayah jurisprudence. This research is field research, namely field observations of the objects being studied in order to obtain relevant data about matters related to the problem being studied and which focuses on the results of data collection from predetermined informants. This field research is outlined in a design that provides a clear and accurate picture of the materials and phenomena being studied. The data obtained in this research is still expressed in qualitative form, which has a richer meaning than numbers and frequencies. The results of this research show that (In Human Rights instruments there are five forms of criminal acts of sexual exploitation of children, namely: child prostitution; child pornography; trafficking in children for sexual purposes; child sex tourism and child marriage. Currently there are the newest forms of crime from this act. criminal exploitation of children, namely the application of legal sanctions against perpetrators of child exploitation from the perspective of criminal law and fiqh jinayah, namely the application of legal sanctions against perpetrators of child exploitation from the perspective of criminal law and the application of legal sanctions against perpetrators of child exploitation from the perspective of fiqh Jinayah.

This research aims to analyze the application of diversion and restorative justice in criminal cases committed by minors. The application of diversion is examined in more depth about the obligation of every law enforcer to carry out a series of diversion processes in the police, prosecutor's office and up to the court. The implementation of diversion is something that must be done without exception in accordance with the provisions of Law No. 11/2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. The application of restorative justice seeks a benchmark for the extent to which it can be implemented by taking into account the authority possessed by the public prosecutor when the diversion process is not achieved and when the criminal case has entered the criminal justice process. The application of the termination of prosecution must be based on the applicable provisions and conditions contained in the Attorney General's Decree No. 15 of 2020. After conducting research on diversion and restorative justice, the only legal benefit of juvenile criminal cases is through the provision of punishment for a child who is a perpetrator of a criminal offense in accordance with the provisions of the laws and regulations concerning the juvenile criminal justice system.

The development of communication media has led to the presence of applications to order online motorcycle taxi transportation services. The application can be easily downloaded via PlayStore or similar applications. Therefore, the purpose of this discussion is to find out how business competition is between conventional ojek and online ojek business actors. In Indonesia there are several online motorcycle taxi service providers such as Grab, Gojek, and Maxim. The services provided are not only in the form of online motorcycle taxi services, but also in the form of food delivery services (grabfood), online shopping services (grabmart), package delivery (grabexpress) and other services. It is known that there are problems between online motorcycle taxis and conventional motorcycle taxis that have occurred, such as the beating by a conventional motorcycle taxi driver against a Gojek driver in Bojongsoang, Bandung. In this study, the authors used a qualitative type of research because it discussed business competition between business actors. Meanwhile, the nature of the research used is descriptive research. The research approach used by the author in this journal is included in the type of statutory approach and the Case Approach.

Tessa Pritama Eda, Nim: 1011419034, with the title Analysis of Court Decisions in Deciding Cases Number: 0017/Pdt. G/2013/Pa.Lwb Regarding Legalization of Siri Marriage. Advisor I Mr. Dr. Weni Almoravid Dungga, S.H., M.H and Advisor II Mr. Dolot Alhasni Bakung, S.H., M.H. The purpose of this study is to find out the legal protection for unregistered marriages and secondly to find out the court's decision in deciding case number: 0017/Pdt.G/2013/Pa.Lwb regarding the legalization of unregistered marriages. The method used in this research is normative. The result of legal protection for unregistered marriages is that unregistered marriages obtain legality from the State if they fulfill predetermined conditions, such as marrying according to religion, then obtain the consent of the first wife as evidenced by a permit, and also for reasons of paperwork. child. But here on the other hand, betel marriage can also be entered into a criminal offense.The decision of the supreme court granted the respondent's request to obtain a marriage certificate, on the grounds that it was in their administrative interests and that of the children, also because the marriage had been carried out in an Islamic manner and had fulfilled all the requirements, and the most important reason was that the marriage had been approved by the first wife.
 

Directors have a crucial role in the company, with the potential for actions that are not in accordance with corporate governance that can be detrimental and cause conflicts of interest, threatening the company's growth. In this context, Good Corporate Governance becomes crucial as a supervision to prevent detrimental actions. This article discusses Directors' Transactions involving Conflicts of Interest and legal certainty of director actions. The research uses normative juridical methods, with a statutory regulatory approach as the basis. Actions or transactions with a conflict of interest are considered not to be a legal problem if they are carried out in good faith, in accordance with KEP-412/BL/2009. However, a different view emerges from the principles of good corporate governance which suggest avoiding transactions with conflicts of interest. The research conclusion confirms that directors, as holders of trust, cannot be held responsible for losses if they act in good faith. Although the law allows transactions with conflicts of interest, the principles of good corporate governance emphasize the importance of avoiding actions that involve conflicts of interest in order to maintain the principles of good corporate governance.

This research in-depth investigates agrarian law conflicts that arise in connection with toll road construction in the West Sumatra Province. The main focus of this research is on exploring the position of Minangkabau community customary land in the context of inheritance law. An in-depth analysis was carried out on the role of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles (UUPA) in regulating the revocation of rights to customary land for the public interest. This research also explores comparisons with other regions in Indonesia to reveal variations in legal approaches in dealing with similar conflicts. Thus, this research aims to understand the complexity of conflicts that arise along with these infrastructure projects. The results of this research provide an illustration that the agrarian law conflict in West Sumatra is not only limited to the revocation of rights to customary land, but also involves aspects of inheritance law which significantly influence the position of the Minangkabau people. The implications of these findings will be explained comprehensively to provide in-depth insight into the dynamics of agrarian law conflicts in the context of infrastructure development in Indonesia.

Tujuan yang ingin dicapai oleh penulis dalam artikel ini yaitu untuk mengetahui dan memahami apakah kasus ini masuk ke dalam kasus tindak pidana turut serta atau masuk ke dalam ruang lingkup keperdataan dan bentuk ganti rugi korban (Bank BRI) pada kasus tersebut seperti apa. Penulisan jurnal ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normative, yaitu dengan menemukan suatu aturan hukum, prinsip-prinsip hukum, maupun doktrin - doktrin hukum guna menjawab isu hukum yang dihadapi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa dilihat dari Sudut Pandang Keperdataan, kasus ini masuk ke dalam Wanprestasi dengan mengacu pada permasalahan Surat Perjanjian Kredit jenis Cashcolleteral antara BRI Cabang Pekayon dengan Terdakwa. Tetapi pihak korban mengajukan tuntutan pidana karena ia merasa dirugikan oleh terdakwa karena melakukan pembukaan blokir dan menggunakan uang hasil kejahatan tersebut sehingga kasus ini masuk kedalam Tindak Pidana Turut Serta. Akibatnya, pihak Bank BRI belum mendapatkan ganti rugi yang seharusnya didapat karena Jaksa Penuntut Umum tidak Pemodal sebagai Tersangka dalam proses penyidikan dan tidak melakukan penyitaan terhadap barang bukti hasil pembukaan blokir di Bank BRI sedangkan alat bukti sudah ada berupa bukti transfer uang. Pernyataan diatas membuktikan bahwa Jaksa Penuntut Umum kurang teliti dalam melakukan proses penyidikan sehingga barang bukti sebagai ganti rugi Bank BRI tidak ikut disita sedangkan alat buktinya ada.

pewaris, ahli waris , dan sistem pewarisan yang digunakan oleh suku adat tertentu. Dalam suatu konteks pewarisan adat disini ditujukan untuk melakukan suatu penerusan harta warisan baik itu berupa harta yang berwujud fisik atau materiil atau harta warisan yang tidak berwujud fisik atau immaterial. Sistem pewarisan yang diterapkan oleh suku Jawa disini adalah sistem kekerabatan parental dan sistem  pewarisan secara individualis, dimana terdapat suatu keterkaitan dalam kedua unsur pewarisan tersebut. Dalam pewarisan yang telah diterapkan oleh suku Jawa disini telah memberikan ruang terhadap para ahli waris untuk memiliki kedudukan yang sama dalam pewarisan. Sistem individualis yang diterapkan dalam sistem pewarisan suku jawa juga memberikan bahwasanya dalam pewarisan tersebut harta benda akan menjadi hak milik dari ahli waris. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan studi pustaka, dimana dengan penerapan metode tersebut akan memberikan penjelasan yang lebih detail terhadap sistem pewarisan yang terjadi dalam suku Jawa dengan sistem kekerabatan parental dan penerapan sistem pewarisan individualis.
Kata Kunci:  Suku Jawa, Parental, Individualis, Waris

The purpose of this study is to analyze the imposition of penalties under the minimum criminal threat against perpetrators of corruption extortion by civil servants (PNS) at the Class III port of Larantuka, East Nusa Tenggara (Case study: Kupang District Court Decision Number 17/Pid.Sus-Tpk/2017/Pn.Kpg). This research is a normative juridical research which means that the author does not use samples and data collection is carried out by the library method, with the object of study. After the data is obtained, the author will analyze juridically normative data obtained on the object of study. The corruption case of I Wayan Adisucipto SN was proven to have violated Article 12 letter e Jo Article 12 A of Law No. 31 of 1999 jo Law No. 20 of 2001 concerning Eradication of Corruption, which states a maximum of 20 years in prison or life imprisonment and a minimum of 4 years, but in reality the judge imposed a prison sentence of only 5 months, the decision imposed by the judge that is not considered according to / based on the law will be null and void. The imposition of a 5-month sentence for the defendant by the judge in Number: 17/Pid.Sus-Tpk/2017/Pn.Kpg is not in accordance with the punishment system. From this research, the author can conclude that the Judge's consideration is not based on the provisions of the legislation, namely Article 12 letter e jo Article 12 A Paragraph (2) of Law No. 31 of 1999 Jo Law No. 20 of 2001 concerning Eradication of Corruption which is a minimum imprisonment of at least 4 (four) years and a maximum of 20 (twenty) years so that it is contrary to the applicable law.   

The study is entitled The Development of The Indonesian State Law and Its Implications in The Dimension of The Rule of Law. This research begins with the formulation of Article 1 paragraph (3) of UUD 1945 which states that “The State of Indonesia is a state of law”. Described as a rule of law, Indonesia is responsible for always following the law as a means of achieving its goals. The law of the State that regulates the administration, government and institutions of the state is regarded as the foremost guard in achieving the ideals of a country. In its history, the Indonesian Civil Code has passed through many dynamics of all time and has arrived at the present time to dedicate its functions. However, the unavoidable development of the world makes the law including the Law of the State must always adapt to various developments. However, in its implementation the law of the state has always faced with various implications. For that, this study was written with the primary purpose of finding out how the Law of State Order has implicated its development in the modern era in the dimension of the rule of law. In completing his research, this paper uses the method of research of the juridic study with the data collection system of the study of the library.

In the current era of globalization, the progress of technology and information development occurs very quickly. Developments in the transportation sector have experienced significant changes with the presence of online transportation services in the form of an application. Online transportation service applications are very easy to use which has an impact on other transportation services. Therefore, the purpose of this discussion is carried out in order to find out how business competition lies therein, including between online transportation service business actors and ordinary (conventional) transportation businesses. Some online transportation service providers in Indonesia include Uber, Grab, Go-jek, In-driver, and others. The services provided by online transportation services are not only in the form of transportation services, but offer food delivery services, online shopping services, and services to deliver packages. Business competition between online transportation services and (conventional) transportation services causes unfair business competition. In this research, the author uses a qualitative research type because the author discusses the business competition between the two by conducting an analysis. The research approach used by the author in this journal is to use a statutory approach.

, This research presents opinions on the theme of fraud in buying and selling based on an Islamic perspective and Indonesian positive law, with a focus on Article 493 of the Criminal Code (KUHP). In the Islamic context, honesty and fairness in buying and selling transactions are highly emphasized as an integral part of religious values. On the other hand, Article 493 of the Criminal Code regulates criminal acts of fraud in buying and selling transactions in Indonesia, providing a legal basis for handling cases of fraud in trading activities. A comparative analysis between Islamic views and Indonesian positive law towards fraud in buying and selling reveals similarities and differences in approach and implementation. The implications of these two perspectives are also discussed in the context of legal practice in society.
 

When science and technology develop, there are new methods for committing crimes. One of the criminal acts is online gambling. This can happen because current media and facilities make it easier for people to access gambling sites and applications. To eliminate this act, a provision is needed that strictly prohibits this act and determines the consequences for those who violate it. Online gambling violates Indonesian law and societal values. The aim of this research is to observe the negative impact of online gambling on the community in Rulung Sari Village, South Lampung Regency. The research methodology used includes surveys, interviews and data analysis to understand the social, economic and psychological impacts caused by online gambling practices. Research shows that online gambling has had a significant negative impact on the social structure of society, harming the local economic sector, and causing psychological problems among individuals and families. The implications of these findings underscore the urgency of the need for preventive and intervention measures to reduce the negative impacts of online gambling and protect the welfare of the Rulung Sari Village community as a whole.

The development of technology today makes humans coexist with technology. Many human activities can be carried out through the internet network. One of them is the presence of the metaverse which is a technology that contains virtual interactions, digital objects, and decentralized humans from various platforms. Metaverse is used by many people as a medium for buying and selling transactions. Metaverse users generally sell their products in the form of NFTs. Various well-known brands have started promoting their products through the metaverse. The emergence of well-known brands in the metaverse is an opportunity for irresponsible parties to infringe brand rights. As was the case in Ryder Ripps v. Yuga Labs. Pollution, imitation, obscuration, and so forth of well-known trademarks are carried out by irresponsible parties. One of them is the doctrine of Trademark Dilution. Trademark dilution is the unauthorized use by other parties that can weaken the quality or characteristics of a trademark. This makes the question of how the protection of trademarks in the virtual space of the metaverse and what legal action can be taken when there is a violation of trademark rights. Not many countries have regulated the protection of digital trademarks specifically against trademark dilution, as well as Indonesia. This research will be conducted using a non-native juridical approach method with legal sources in the form of laws and regulations, international agreements, theories, and legal rules. The focus of this research is how metaverse with the platform in it can protect the trademark with the terms and conditions agreement of account users in the platform. The result of this research is that brands can be protected against infringement of rights to the brand as well as brand dilution by referring to the terms and conditions of account users listed in the platform. In addition, the legal action that can be taken is to file a lawsuit as determined by the platform and the removal of related content.

Transportation according to Purwosutjipto is a reciprocal agreement between the carrier and the sender, in which the carrier binds himself to handle the safe transportation of goods and/or people from one place to a certain destination, while the sender binds himself to pay the freight. Meanwhile, the definition of carrier's responsibility is the obligation of the air transport company to compensate for losses suffered by passengers and/or freight forwarders as well as third parties. Responsibility can be known from the obligations that have been stipulated in the agreement or law. The obligation of transportation is to organize the transportationThis study aims to examine the legal relationship between airlines and passengers, as well as to determine the company's responsibility to passengers in the event of damage to goods. The method used in this research is normative method. The results of the study show that the legal relationship between the Air Transport Company and the passengers is a legal relationship which is a periodic agreement, namely an agreement with conditions that are carried out only for a certain time and for a certain action. Airline companies must be ready to be responsible to consumers who use air transportation services in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, namely Law Number 1 of 2009 concerning Aviation and regulated more specifically in Ministerial Regulation Number 77 of 2011 concerning Air Transport Responsibilities.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation of the duties and authorities of the village government in managing tourist villages in Boleng District, West Manggarai Regency. This research is empirical juridical research, which is research directly to related parties to obtain primary data directly from respondents. The data collection technique uses interviews, observations, and literature/document studies. The data used are primary data and secondary data. This research was conducted in West Manggarai Regency. The results of the data processing were analyzed descriptively using the empirical juridical method, namely identifying and adjusting to the actual situation. The results showed that: the implementation of the duties and authority of the Village Government in carrying out its duties and responsibilities is in accordance with existing procedures, but in providing duties and responsibilities for the management of the Tourism Village has not been evenly distributed and has not been given the trust to manage the Tourism Village by the Regional Government. Based on the experience in the field and the information obtained, the researcher can provide suggestions and input to the Golo Lujang Village Government so that it can maximize its role, especially in managing the "Sano Limbung" Tourism Village, as well as to the three groups formed, especially the Tourism Awareness Group, to be reactivated and in giving tasks and responsibilities to the community evenly. To the Tourism, Creative Economy and Culture Office in order to provide opportunities for the Tanjung Boleng Village Government to manage their own Tourism Village in this case "Rangko Cave" and the Village Government itself in this case the Tanjung Boleng Village Government has the courage to convey to the Regional Government of West Manggarai Regency in this case the Tourism, Creative Economy and Culture Office so that the tourist attractions can be managed by the Tanjung Boleng Village Government.  

The digitalization of the banking sector, driven by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, has significantly impacted the ease of financial transactions through digital banking services. However, this progress also creates vulnerabilities to cybercrimes, particularly phishing, which aims to steal customers' personal data via fake websites or messages. This article examines relevant legal frameworks, including Law No. 19 of 2016 on Electronic Information and Transactions (EIT Law), the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP), and regulations issued by the Financial Services Authority (OJK), such as POJK No. 12/POJK.03/2018 on Digital Banking Services. Employing a normative qualitative approach, the study explores the legal protection available to customers as phishing victims and the responsibilities of banks in preventing and addressing such threats. This article recommends strengthening banks' technological security systems, enhancing customers' digital literacy, and enforcing laws more effectively to establish secure and reliable digital banking services.
 

In carrying out its obligations to issue marketable securities, sometimes there are some mistakes that are actually unintentional by the issuer, such as in writing the nominal amount, date, etc. where the issuer realizes that his mistakes after the issuance of the marketable securities can certainly harm the issuer, then the issuer can make rebuttal. This study aims to find out how the role of countermeasures or countermeasures in protecting mistakes made by marketable securities. Based on the research results, it is known that countermeasures or rebuttal can be a special right of the issuer of marketable securities because it can protect the issuer of securities from not paying for the marketable securities issued.

Islamic boarding school as a development of knowledge about Islamic teachings. Knowledge and in-depth understanding of halal principles in production and consumption in accordance with Islamic law. Halal literacy is very important to ensure that products in circulation comply with halal regulations. Bangkalan is one of the districts on the island of Madura, which is famous for its strong Islamic culture, and the many Islamic boarding schools which play an important role in social life and community education, where many Islamic boarding schools are a challenge in implementing halal principles for the environment around Islamic boarding schools. With the development of halal literacy, the aim is to increase understanding and application of halal principles through various education and training programs, outreach and other activities. This research focuses on the contribution of Islamic boarding schools in developing halal literacy at Islamic boarding schools in Bangkalan. Halal literacy includes a deep understanding of products and services that comply with Islamic law. The aim of this research is to identify forms of Islamic boarding school contribution in developing halal literacy in Bangkalan Regency. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide new insights to increase the role of Islamic boarding schools in strengthening halal literacy in society. This research uses a qualitative approach with a study method that focuses on several Islamic boarding schools in Bangkalan Regency which are considered to have a significant role in developing halal literacy. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with Islamic boarding school caregivers, students and other relevant parties, as well as through direct observation of activities related to halal literacy.

That every decision issued and/or action taken by state administration officials must be based on statutory regulations and General Principles of Good Government (AAUPB). In accordance with Article 9 paragraph (1) of Law no. 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration, but in practice there are still many government officials who abuse their authority, therefore the existence of PTUN is a tool of control over government actions as well as a medium for the public to seek justice for government actions. Where the Ptun has the authority to resolve TUN disputes, as well as provide legal protection to the community for legal actions taken by the government through the PTUN. This research uses normative research using a conceptual and statutory approach. The legal materials used are: primary legal materials in the form of statutory regulations, secondary legal materials in the form of books, journals, articles and other legal doctrines. The legal material collection technique uses descriptive analysis. It can be concluded that the role of Ptun is in providing legal protection to citizens against detrimental administrative decisions, namely through supervision, giving administrative sanctions to government officials who do not implement court decisions, up to the execution of court decisions in the form of revoking government decisions.

The Indonesian nation has very diverse tribes, cultures, languages ??and religions because it has many islands. Each region certainly has its own traditions, customary laws and traditional communities and the Indonesian state recognizes the existence of customary laws within the community. The kinship system influences a rule in customary law. In Bali, the distribution of inheritance is based on a patrilineal kinship system, where in this system the son is the one who continues the family and is prominent. This research discusses the female inheritance system in Bali in Balinese customary law. We conducted research with the aim of exploring the position of female heirs in the traditional inheritance system in Bali and to find out and analyze the efforts made by female heirs to obtain inheritance rights. We use a research method, namely a qualitative approach, which means providing an explanation of the position of heirs in narrative form.

Business is a works that generates certain profits that are run with the capital used to make the business. In a business there are several important factors, one of which is the potential and business opportunities. In starting or running a business, it is not far from the thing called competition. What is meant by competition, in this topic is business competition, is the efforts of two parties/more companies, each of which is active in obtaining orders by offering the most favorable prices/conditions. One form of business competition is cartel practice. Based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition, it is stated that the Business Competition Supervisory Commission is a commission established to supervise business actors in carrying out their business activities so that they do not engage in monopolies and or unfair business competition. In this study, the authors analyze the workings and roles of the KPPU in dealing with cartel practices.

Contract workers are workers who are contracted within a certain time, it could be two years, three years or more. In general, workers have a work contract with the company where they work, there are many workers in Indonesia who experience violations of legal protection of labor rights and obligations, and what are the rights and obligations of labor which is the basis of this research. The purpose to be achieved in this paper is to find out what are the rights of labor contracts to workers who often have no knowledge of what is about labor contracts. This article discusses the rights of contract workers based on Indonesian labor law regulations. Contract workers, who are employed under a fixed-term employment agreement (PKWT), have rights that are guaranteed by law although they differ from those of permanent workers. Some of these rights include wages, social security, employment protection, and the right to compensation in the event of termination before the contract ends.
 

The author analyzes Sampang Regent Regulation Number 27 of 2021 concerning Guidelines for Candidacy, Election, Appointment, Inauguration, and Dismissal of Village Heads, focusing on ambiguity regarding the dismissal of Acting Village Heads. Currently, around 50 villages in Sampang Regency are led by Pj. Kades who are being evaluated, but the regulation does not contain clear provisions regarding their dismissal. This creates legal uncertainty and potential turmoil in society. The author uses a normative method with case studies based on primary and secondary legal materials, such as the relevant Regent Regulation. The results of the analysis show that the lack of clarity in the rules for the dismissal of the Acting Village Head poses a risk of abuse of power and politicization, especially because the evaluation results are not transparent. Therefore, it is necessary to revise the Regent Regulation to provide a clear legal basis for the dismissal of the Acting Village Head, in order to create legal certainty in the village government in Sampang Regency.

Children are the nation's assets as the successors of the nation's founders to make the country a developed country. As the nation's successors, children must receive comprehensive and massive protection. In the Child Protection Law, it is stated that children need special protection in various situations. For children who are in conflict with the law, the State provides legitimacy in the hope of changing children's behavior and the involvement of many parties in Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System or later known as the SPPA Law. The case taken by the author is a case where it is explained that a child in conflict with the law is a recidivist or has committed a repeat crime. Child recidivism is basically the same as recidivism in general, the difference is that the perpetrator here is a child. Repetition of criminal acts here means criminal acts committed by children, whether similar or dissimilar criminal acts, including criminal acts completed through diversion. It is explained that the case written is a case of repetition of criminal acts or recidivism committed by children of criminals. The legal process for the criminal act of abuse committed by Rui Vicente alias Aroni's child no longer takes the diversion route because the perpetrator's child is a recidivist. In this regard, child perpetrators are being processed in court by holding trials which are charged under Article 351 paragraph (1) of the Indonesian Criminal Code. UU no. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System.

The purpose of this study was to determine the authority of the village head in fostering community peace and order in the village and to determine and examine the inhibiting factors of the village head's authority in fostering community peace and order in Bodae village and Keliha village. This research uses an empirical juridical approach method, namely the methods and procedures used to solve problems, this research first examines secondary data, then proceeds to conduct research on primary data in the field. The results of the research The authority of the Village Head in fostering the peace and order of the village community has not been carried out effectively, this is because there are several things behind it, namely the theft cases that occur because the environmental security system is not implemented effectively, unguarded livestock such as oxen that enter the residents' garden yards to cause losses to the farming community, chicken gambling can disturb the order of the village community. The inhibiting factors of the authority of the village head are the low level of human resources, the ineffective implementation of the environmental security system, the lack of understanding of the community in understanding order in the village environment.  

The rise in BBM prices becomes a global problem, it affects the perception of the people about the rise of the price of ferry tickets to Batam-Tanjungpinang in 2022. The aim of this study is to find out how people see the rise in the price of shipping tickets in Batam-Tanjungpinang in 2022. The research uses descriptive research with a method of qualitative approach. The result of the study is that the public’s perspective on the increase in BBM prices againts the rise in shipping charges is a reasonable thing, because this is a necessity for the people who frequently travel by ships

Children are God's creations that must be protected each because of their limitations. Protected one of which is the legal protection of children to accept a kind of violence. Accepting child violence has a negative impact on the child's future. Writing this to determine the need for protection in the Child Victims of Violence Act and legal protection for child victims of violence in accordance with legal regulations. Therefore, the State provides legal protection, all children are bound by law number 31 of 2014 concerning amendments to law No. 13 of 2006 concerning child and victim protection number 35 of 2014 to prevent violence against children.

Ethics is a field of philosophy that discusses the moral principles that govern humanbehavior, while politics deals with decision-making and the management of power in society. In Islam, political ethics is a concept that regulates human relationships in the political world.Islamic political ethics consists of a collection of moral values and principles that should guide everyone involved in political activities, both as citizens and leaders. Islamic political ethics has a strong relevance in the context of politics and governance. The moral values in Islam can serve as guidelines for leaders and citizens in building a better society. Despite the challenges faced, ongoing efforts to implement Islamic political ethics are considered essential in building an ideal and ethical government. It is important to build a just, prosperous, and moral society through the application of Islamic political ethics, which includes principles such as justice,equality, democracy, deliberation, freedom, and respect for the rights of others. In addition, this journal reviews the methods Ali Shari'ati used to make his assertions about the importance of Islam as a basic political ethic. A just, moral, and prosperous government can be achieved through the application of Islamic political ethics. Political ethics is not a convoluted system, but rather a number of noble values that are in line with the principles of Islam.

Narcotics are substances or drugs that are very useful, especially in the medical world and are needed to treat certain diseases. However, if it is misused or used not in accordance with treatment standards, it can have very detrimental consequences if accompanied by the abuse and illicit trafficking of narcotics which results in greater danger to the life and cultural values ??of the nation which will ultimately weaken national resilience. The research method we use is a Case Study research method in which we examine a criminal defendant with methamphetamine as contained in Case Number: 1677/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Mdn, Wednesday 20 September 2023. vIn the case of a methamphetamine drug courier , two perpetrators named Saiful ag and Marzali were caught red-handed carrying 4 kilograms of methamphetamine. For their actions, the two defendants were charged under Article 114 2 of Republic of Indonesia Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics or Article 112 Paragraph 2 of Republic of Indonesia Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Combination Drugs. with Article 55 Paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code

The purpose of this research is to find out how the legal rules regarding cooperation agreements in business activities are viewed from a business law perspective and what forms of cooperation in trade activities can be carried out by company management. By using normative juridical research methods, it is concluded: 1. The legal rules regarding cooperation agreements in business activities are reviewed from the perspective of business law, referring to Civil law, especially Article 1313 of the Civil Code, which states that "An agreement is an act in which one or more people bind oneself to one or more other people." So it is clear that agreements give rise to agreements, as well as the Trade Code and Indonesian laws and regulations in various forms of business entities. 2. Forms of cooperation in trading activities that can be carried out by company management, such as Mergers, Consolidations, Joint Ventures and Franchising. A merger is a combination of one or several business entities so that from an economic point of view they are one unit, without merging the merged business entities. Consolidation/merger between two or more business entities that combine themselves to merge into one and form one new business entity (consolidation). This aims to "make healthy" the business entity concerned or what is usually called restructuring. Joint Venture is an agreement between two or more parties to collaborate in an activity. Franchise Agreement in which one party is given the right to exploit and/or use the rights to intellectual property or inventions, or business characteristics owned by another party in exchange for compensation based on the terms and/or sale of goods and services. 1 Article. 2 Lecturers at the Faculty of Law, Unsrat, Manado. Master of Law.

The era of the digital economy in Indonesia has made buying and selling transactions easier and faster to carry out. By using social media, consumers can channel their opinions, criticism and suggestions regarding the products/services they consume to business actors in various forms. One of them is in the form of a review (overview) of products/services expressed through photos or videos. However, this activity has reaped pros and cons in society, because it is considered that this activity actually tarnishes a good name. This research aims to examine the form of legal protection for the provisions for reviewing products on social media. The sources of legal materials used in this writing are firstly primary legal material sources which have binding force, secondly secondary legal material sources which are legal materials originating from the results of a literature review by reading books, legal journals, and articles that are in accordance with the law. the issue being faced. Data were analyzed using qualitative methods. This research uses a normative research type using a deductive thinking approach. The data that has been analyzed shows that legal protection for the provisions for reviewing products on social media is stated in Law Number 12 of 2005 article 23 paragraph (2) concerning Human Rights, Article 44 paragraph (3) UUPK, and criminal sanctions for perpetrators are stipulated in the UUPK which can be sentenced to prison and a fine.

This study aims to determine the implementation of legal protection for women victims of gender-based discrimination within the State Civil Apparatus and submissions to adopt the use of ILO Convention Framework 111 and ILO Convention 190. The formulation of the proposed problem is: How is the effectiveness of salatiga city government regulations and policies in preventing and overcoming gender discrimination experienced by female ASNs in salatiga city government work units and policies that should be taken by salatiga city government in preventing and tackling gender discrimination experienced by female asns. This research includes a typology of normative legal research supported by empirical data. Research data were collected through literature studies, document studies and interviews. The analysis of this study is carried out normatively empirically. The results of this study show that all policies related to Gender Mainstreaming are made for gender-responsive activities eliminate Employment and Job discrimination and violence and harassment in the w. Regarding the effectiveness of the regulations made by the Salatiga City Government, it has not been effective because there are still cases of discrimination and still tries to apply the regulations made to solve cases in Salatiga City. For policies that can further adopt ILO Convention 111 and ILO Convention 190 to implement rules that further orld of work. Of course, it is aligned with the hierarchy of regulations in Indonesia to be held in autonomous regions.

Marriage between two people who have different religions is prohibited by almost all religions in Indonesia. Even though efforts have been made to obtain legal marital status, when a marriage is carried out, it is still obligatory to pay attention to Article 2 of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. The existence of an official registration in the form of a marriage certificate cannot be overlooked, because without it, marriages that are valid but not registered will not be recognized by the State. Marriage without legal recognition certainly has legal consequences, especially if it involves partners with different religions. This can create significant legal problems for husbands, wives and third parties, including the inheritance rights of children born in the marriage. The existence of a legal marriage is the basis of rights and obligations between husband and wife. The existence of a legally valid marriage and offspring born from a legal marriage are crucial to protecting the wife's rights regarding joint living and property. This is because, as stipulated in Article 43 Paragraph (1) of the Marriage Law, children born from illegitimate marriages only have legal ties with their mothers.

The law of engagement is a concept that has existed since ancient times. In the past, engagements often relied on customary law and social norms applicable in a particular society. However, with the increasing development of society and trade, there is a need to have more formal legal rules to regulate agreements and agreements. The term "engagement" refers to the equivalent of the Dutch term "Verbintenis" (Fuadi, 1999: 1). The term contract law includes all provisions in the third book of the Civil Code. The research method uses empirical methods where this method is through observations made by the public. Then it is studied through the customs of the people of Southwest Sumba, especially in kodi regarding the legal relations of engagements that occur with the traditional ritual of removing the bones of ancestors. The data was obtained from an interview with a native Kodi resident named Andreas Ikit Bani, a native descendant of Kodi who often participated in bone dissection rituals. The Galih Tulang event is a traditional ritual carried out by the people of Southwest Sumba to move the bones of their ancestors from old graves to new graves. This ritual is part of a sacred traditional ceremony and is considered important for the people of Southwest Sumba to honor the spirits of their ancestors (Andreas Ikit Bani, 2023). This event has a meaning and purpose that we must know, namely Galing Tulang is a ceremony that must be held to honor our deceased ancestors. The aim is to pay respects to the spirits of deceased ancestors, ask for blessings, and/or give them their proper place in the afterlife.

Eradicating corruption is one of the main concerns of the Indonesian government and nation. Corruption is considered an extraordinary crime so its eradication requires extraordinary efforts. Efforts to eradicate corruption consist of two main components, namely enforcement and prevention, but these efforts will never be optimally successful if implemented by the government itself without community participation. Therefore, the role of students in strengthening the anti-corruption movement is very important. Students' intelligence, youth and idealism are characteristics that make students play an important role in anti-corruption drives. In this research, the research method used is qualitative research with a literature review type of research (Library Research). One of the important goals for students to understand anti-corruption is that students can prevent themselves and others from committing corruption or committing acts of corruption, students have the courage to remind their family, relatives and friends around them not to commit corruption, and can also provide information to other people about corruption and eradicating corruption.

Peer to peer lending or online loans are online money lending services commonly known as financial technology, which currently generally take the form of applications. Online loans really help people who need fast and easy funds for both consumptive and productive purposes. This service is increasingly mushrooming in Indonesia due to interest from the community itself, resulting in the emergence of illegal online loan apllications which have a detrimental impact on consumers. The normative juridical method used in this research is conducting a literature study on secondary data. The research results show legal protection and the level of effectiveness of supervision for consumers who are harmed by illegal online loan applications.
 

The study of the role of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in protecting banking customers is an important topic in the context of consumer protection and the stability of the financial system. OJK has the authority to end operational supervision procedures related to bank and non-bank exchange transactions, as well as providing legal certainty for customers. It is an Islamic economic perspective, OJK also has a role in protecting sharia banking customers. Legal protection for depositing customers has been regulated in various laws and regulations, including Law Number 21 of 2011 concerning OJK. OJK also has an important role in resolving consumer complaints in accordance with those regulated in the Consumer Protection Law. In addition, OJK is also involved in regulating national economic stimulus policies that have an impact on the spread of COVID-19. Through regulations such as OJK Regulation No. 48/POJK.03 Year 2020, OJK plays a role in loving the guarantee for financial losses felt by depositing customers. Thus, the role of OJK in protecting banking customers is very important in maintaining public trust in the financial system.

This study aims to determine the position of the object of the fiduciary guarantee transferred by the debtor based on the agreement with PT. Pegadaian and to determine the efforts to settle the credit transferred by the debtor. This research was conducted at PT. Pegadaian Pasar Butung Makassar and used the Normative-Empirical research type method. The approach is carried out with literature in reality based on interviews and documentation. The results of the study indicate that to determine the legal position of the object of the fiduciary guarantee transferred by the debtor, registration is required. PT. Pegadaian does not register a fiduciary guarantee in its entirety with consideration of costs, so that the legal position of the object of the fiduciary guarantee has a legal weakness in the sense of lack of legal certainty for creditors, because the debtor has violated the provisions of Article 23 paragraph (2). In addition, to settle loans with fiduciary guarantees whose objects are transferred by the debtor, PT. Pegadaian takes a negotiation method with the debtor and the third party who receives the transfer of the object of the fiduciary guarantee, namely by replacing the object of the collateral transferred to the third party with the object belonging to the debtor whose value is equivalent to the object of the guarantee that has been transferred, because PT. Pegadaian has material rights over the object of collateral.

Cooperation between economic actors such as financial institutions is an embodiment of the concept of the rule of law in economic development. Financial institutions such as banks provide credit to the public but there are also credit risks. So Bank Indonesia issued Guidelines for Preparing Credit Policies (PPKPB) for Commercial Banks, on March 31 1995, through Bank Indonesia Directors' Decree No.27/162/KEP/DIR which contains credit agreements in standard form. The existence of standard clauses in bank credit agreements containing the debtor's obligations, which aim to protect the creditor's interests, is unfair to the debtor. For this reason, it is necessary to study the weaknesses in the regulation of default on agreements with guarantees of mortgage rights. This research is based on John Rawls's Theory of Justice and Lawrence M. Friedman's Legal System Theory. The research specifications are analytical descriptive, with a sociological juridical research type. Regulations on default on agreements with guaranteed mortgage rights have weaknesses in the legal structure aspect, namely the lack of synergy between law enforcement officials. Apart from that, there are weaknesses in the legal substance aspect, namely related to the provisions contained in Article 15 UUHT, as well as weaknesses in the legal culture aspect which can be seen from the public's lack of knowledge about credit agreements and the lack of socialization regarding legal regulations related to the basic principles of agreement law.

The development of the era of economic and financial digitalization is developing so rapidly, that the purpose of this writing is to find out how the relationship between the time value of the rupiah influences over time. In addition, of course, the development of the era of economic and financial digitalization has had an impact on Indonesia's progress. Often companies have confusion in investing in securities, in this article the author wants to further discuss the role of the money supply and the time value of money in investing in securities. Of course, in making an investment decision, a company must carry out financial analysis related to stocks, bonds and capital markets. The method used is qualitative by collecting, analyzing and processing data from accurate and reliable sources such as books, journals and government websites. The results of this study indicate that by analyzing the money supply and the time value of money, it will influence companies in making investment decisions on securities using fundamental analysis.

Since 2004, Indonesians have been granted the opportunity to directly elect their president and vice president, leading to two rounds of elections to select legislative members, as well as the president. In 2019, the Indonesian government made a significant decision to conduct concurrent general elections for both legislative and presidential. This research adopts qualitative research methods and utilizes literature review as its data collection approach. The findings of this study reveal that the simultaneous holding of the 2019 General Election has yielded diverse impacts, primarily stemming from logistical challenges, duplicated data on the voters list, excessive information overload among the public leading to irrational voting decisions, and unfortunate casualties, including the loss of hundreds of election committee officers' lives. Consequently, it highlights the pressing need for the General Election Commission (KPU) to thoroughly evaluate and address these issues while organizing the 2024 elections simultaneously.

The purpose of this research is to find out the procedure of child adoption at the Oelamasi District Court and the judge's reasoning in granting the application for child adoption with prospective parents over 55 years old. The research method used is empirical research. The results showed (1) The child adoption procedure at the Oelamasi District Court is in accordance with the child adoption arrangements contained in the laws and regulations. Particularly in this case, the child who was adopted was not under the care of a social organization but under the care of the prospective adoptive parents. In addition, in this case the prospective adoptive parents did not fulfill one of the requirements for child adoption contained in Article 13 of the Government Regulation, which in turn is the authority of the judge in accepting or rejecting the application. (2) The judge's reasoning in granting the application for child adoption in Stipulation Number 5/Pdt.P/2023/PN Olm is by referring to the provisions of Article 28 B paragraphs (1) and (2) jo Article 28 D paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which prioritizes the principles of justice and the best interests of the child so that even though the age of the Plaintiffs no longer meets the requirements of the legislation because they are more than 55 (fifty five) years old does not have to hinder the noble intentions of the Plaintiffs to adopt a child.

Guardianship is the authority in the maintenance and supervision of minors, who are not under the authority of their parents and the management of the objects or assets of the child that have been regulated by law. In the implementation of child guardianship there are procedures that regulate it, but in reality the Eugene Schmitz Orphanage implements the rules in its own way. The formulation of the problem: (1) What are the procedures for child guardianship at the Eugene Schmitz Orphanage in Lewoleba Timur Village based on civil law? (2) What are the rights and obligations of the parties in the implementation of child guardianship at the Eugene Schmitz Orphanage in Lewoleba Timur Village based on civil law? (3) What are the inhibiting factors in the implementation of child guardianship at the Eugene Schmitz Orphanage, Lewoleba Timur Village?. The objectives of this research are: (1) To Know the Procedure of Child Guardianship at the Eugene Schmitz Orphanage in Lewoleba Timur Village Based on Civil Law. (2) To Know the Rights and Obligations of the Parties in the Implementation of Child Guardianship at the Eugene Schmitz Orphanage in Lewoleba Timur Village Based on Civil Law. (3) To find out the inhibiting factors in the implementation of child guardianship at the Eugene Schmitz Orphanage in Lewoleba Timur Village. The benefit of this research is to add information for the government to better supervise guardianship procedures and add information to the public to find out the child guardianship procedure. The method used in this research is empirical juridical legal method. The results showed that: (1) The procedure for implementing child guardianship at the Eugene Schmitz Orphanage applies its own rules which are simple, straightforward, do not require a lot of money and do not require a long time so that both the orphanage management, caregivers and children who enter know about the procedure and help parents in the administrative process. (2) The rights and obligations of the parties to the Orphanage arise as a result of the responsibility for their respective roles, although it has been well implemented, in fact there are problems that arise resulting in unbalanced rights and obligations. (3) The inhibiting factors experienced in the implementation of guardianship are ignorance of guardianship procedures, lack of entry requirements and children who enter without biological parents. The conclusions in this study are (1) The child guardianship procedure at the Eugene Schmitz Orphanage does not apply the rules in accordance with the Provisions of the Law. (2) The rights and obligations of the parties are balanced as a result of responsibility for their respective roles. (3) The inhibiting factors in the implementation of guardianship are ignorance of procedures, lack of files/documents and unclear identity of the child. The author's suggestion is the need for socialization from the government to orphanage administrators and the community regarding child guardianship procedures in accordance with the provisions of the Law.

The purpose of this study is the obstacles to law enforcement against perpetrators of criminal acts of theft of cultural heritage objects in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. This research is an empirical juridical research that examines a legal event that occurs through a statute cause approach. Data collection is carried out with two events, namely interviews and document studies. The data obtained is then presented descriptively qualitative. The results showed that the obstacles experienced by the community and law enforcement officials are: the absence of reports to the police and coordination with other stakeholders; the caretaker's mistake in understanding evidence; stakeholders who observe cultural heritage have not functioned optimally; and there is no PPNS cultural heritage in NTT. Prevention efforts taken in the form of prevention include: organizing cultural heritage promotion and counseling campaigns; providing training or technical guidance to all cultural heritage caretakers in NTT; the government supports the presence of the Cultural Preservation Agency (BPK); and collaborating with stakeholders. Law enforcement against criminal acts of theft of cultural heritage objects is still not optimal. Therefore, suggestions for the results of this study are the socialization of cultural heritage protection and cultural heritage laws comprehensively.  All stakeholders must be more adaptive and responsive. BPK needs to cooperate with local governments and related institutions to draft a special regulation or law governing the establishment of a special agency for the supervision of cultural heritage sites. Make a government regulation regarding the establishment of a special cultural heritage police.     

Mediation has been regulated in Perma Number 1 of 2016 Article 1 point 1 explaining mediation as an alternative way of resolving disputes through a negotiation process to obtain an agreement between the parties assisted by a mediator. Mediation seeks (win-win solution) to reach a peace agreement. However, in fact there are still many mediations that do not work effectively, one of them in Gampong Bumi Sari in several cases of dispute, they did not make a letter of conciliation resulting in another dispute case, Article 27 paragraph (1) Perma Number 1 of 2016 explains to make a written peace agreement when the mediation reaches an agreement, an increase in cases of land disputes that mediation did not complete, one of the parties to the dispute during mediation carried a sharp weapon with the family so that the mediator felt intimidated. This study aims to find out how the process of resolving land disputes through mediation in Gampong Bumi Sari, find out what are the obstacles in the process of resolving land disputes through mediation in Gampong Bumi Sari, and see the level of effectiveness of resolving land disputes through mediation in Gampong Bumi Sari. The method used in this research is the empirical method, namely examining how the law works in the community environment.
 

This research aims to understand and analyze the implementation of a Regional Regulation related to the Organization of Child Protection in Karanganyar Regency and the factors that hinder the Organization of Child Protection in Karanganyar Regency. The type of research used is empirical research. The nature of this research is descriptive with an approach based on data obtained from a source or focused interview and a legislative approach or statute approach. The type of data used includes primary and secondary legal materials. The data collection techniques used in this research include surveys through document study methods, interviews, and observations. Primary data is collected by studying related legislation and regulations as legal materials and conducting observations and interviews with sources as research objects, while secondary data is collected through literature studies of scientific books, law journals, theses, dissertations, legal articles, and legal materials relevant to this legal research.  The results of the research show that the implementation of a Regional Regulation related to the Organization of Child Protection serves as legal protection that acts as a guarantee to provide justice and legal certainty for children, especially in protecting children's rights. The obstacles in the Organization of Child Protection in Karanganyar Regency are due to the handling being based on community reports and the lack of education, understanding, and knowledge of the community regarding Karanganyar Regency Regional Regulation Number 4 of 2021 on the Organization of Child Protection, which is caused by limited funds for its implementation.
 

The aim of this research is to address the role of the KUA in overcoming unregistered marriages (Nikah Siri) in Kota Tengah District, Gotontalo City and the factors that hinder the role of the KUA itself in unregistered marriages (Nikah Siri). This type of research is Normative Empirical research using a qualitative descriptive approach, analyzing information and interpreting qualitative data.          The research results show that the role and efforts of the KUA have not been effective in dealing with unregistered marriages (Nikah Siri) even though they have implemented a government program, namely the marriage guidance program (Binwin), which provides pre-marital guidance and the formation of sakinah families in order to build superior human resources and reduce the divorce rate. by providing counseling about marriage registration and sakinah families to prospective couples who are about to get married and also by conducting outreach to the wider community. The factors that hinder the KUA in preventing unregistered marriages for couples who are not legally married in Kota Tengah District are caused by 2 factors, namely, internal factors, namely the lack of competent human resources who can provide socialization to the community, and the lack of adequate facilities and other factors. Other external factors include indifferent attitudes, non-compliance with the law, and low legal awareness in society. Therefore, we must work together with agencies such as the KUA in building character and also informing millennials about the impacts of having a relationship before marriage so that there is no such thing as an unregistered marriage. 

Detention Center/Prison is an institution where defendants who are undergoing trial are held and where criminal sentences are carried out for law violators in Indonesia. In the detention center/prison there are of course rules and regulations that apply to inmates. These provisions are contained in Law 32 of 1995 concerning corrections. Placement in solitary confinement is a form of disciplinary punishment for violators. Silence is given to convicts who are proven to have committed light category offenses more than once or have committed offenses at the moderate level. The aim of implementing silent closure is so that violators can reflect well on their mistakes and are expected not to commit further violations in the future. Because after this, if they commit a violation, the consequences will be more severe.

This journal discusses efforts to improve the protection of victims of sexual harassment through education and legal action. The research was conducted by collecting data through interviews with victims of sexual harassment and legal experts. The research results show that proper education and effective legal action are very important in providing protection to victims of sexual harassment. In addition, strong cooperation is needed between government agencies, communities and families to ensure the safety and welfare of victims. This journal provides recommendations to increase public awareness about the importance of protecting victims of sexual harassment and strengthen existing legal measures to protect victims. It is hoped that the results of this research can assist in efforts to protect victims of sexual harassment and strengthen the existing protection system.

This research aims to find out an overview of fisheries profit sharing in the Huyula Tradition in the Paguat Coastal Area, based on the title raised in this research. This research uses a type of normative legal research. The process of collecting data from the objects studied in this research is using library research. The data obtained by this research uses a normative analysis method, namely by interpreting and discussing research material based on law, legal norms, legal theories and doctrines related to the main problem. The results of this research show that the Juridical Review of Fishery Profit Sharing in the Huyula Tradition on the Paguat Coast, namely in the Bongoime Village community, Huyula values are applied by the community in various aspects of life. Huyula values are manifested in various activities, for example in community service for environmental cleanup rural areas, building village roads, death, cleaning local irrigation canals and agricultural activities. Community service activities for the public interest, in coordination with the local government without distinguishing between social status, community service activities are usually referred to as "Hulunga" activities by the community as well as factors that influence profit sharing problems, namely economic factors, catch factors, entanglement factors. debt, education factor, legal knowledge factor and age factor.

The potential for natural resources is very abundant, especially geothermal energy on Flores Island which is being sought after by investors. Apart from the very diverse diversity of the people. Therefore, the conflict that occurred on Flores Island resulted in rejection of the geothermal development project and how to analyze the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples on Flores Island based on the theory of justice (John Rawls). The research method used in this research is a normative juridical research method. This research is prescriptive in nature, offering a concept for solving a problem (problem solving) and not just descriptive (just to describe something as it is). The data sources used in this research are secondary data collected through literature (documentary research) and legal approaches. Traditional law communities on Flores Island always live side by side with nature. The country is supposed to protect its people through policies that are just and pro-people, but in reality at this time, their lives have been disturbed by the Geothermal Power Plant construction project carried out by the Indonesian government.

The legal products of the Supreme Court are not the same as laws. If the law does not understand or regulate something, the Supreme Court can issue policy regulations based on its authority. However, such a thing is not always done. For example, in 1963 the Supreme Court issued Circular Letter Number 3, which effectively canceled a number of Articles in the BW because it was considered unfair. . Researchers use normative research methods to obtain relevant material and explanations for the formulation of the problem as well as to obtain research-based understanding and explanations raised. Normative research is a type of research conducted through a review of literature (secondary sources). The type of normative research chosen is normative juridical, because the starting point of this research is to use legal norms or existing laws and regulations to analyze the problem under study. The results show that the Position and Strength of the Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) in the legal system in Indonesia is recognized outside the hierarchy of laws and regulations and has binding legal force in accordance with the words of Article 8 Paragraph (1) and (2) of Law no. 12 of 2011

Lajunya perkembangan zaman tidak dapat disangkal telah mendorong manusia untuk terus berinovasi dalam mengembangkan beragam teknologi, termasuk kecerdasan buatan atau Artificial Intelegence (AI). Sejauh perkembangannya  AI telah membawa dampak positif yang cukup signifikan dalam memudahkan berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia, mulai dari otomatisasi proses bisnis hingga munculnya alat pengenal wajah (face recognition) yang canggih. Namun, dampak positif ini juga disertai dengan adanya potensi dampak negatif yang harus diperhatikan. Persoalan ini memiliki hubungan yang erat dengan Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM). Sebagaimana eksistensi manusia, terutama dalam hal privasi dan keamanan data, menjadi semakin gampang diakses dan sangat berpotensi untuk disalahgunakan. Munculnya tantangan baru dalam dimensi hukum dan HAM menjadi suatu kebutuhan mendesak dalam menghadapi era teknologi AI yang terus berkembang secara pesat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana teknologi AI mampu memengaruhi berbagai aspek HAM, termasuk privasi, kebebasan individu, dan perlakuan non-diskriminasi. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting untuk memastikan bahwa penggunaan teknologi AI seperti face recognition ini dipandu oleh regulasi hukum yang jelas. Prosedur yang adil, dan kebijakan pemerintah yang sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip HAM merupakan kunci untuk menjaga keseimbangan antara inovasi teknologi dan perlindungan terhadak hak-hak setiap individu.