This research explores changes in personnel regulations that reflect the government's efforts to consistently boost the human resource capacity of state apparatus. Law No. 8/1974 emphasizes ideological loyalty and administrative requirements without a competency-based system. Law No. 43 of 1999 introduced the principle of merit and competency-based selection, although it is still constrained by supervision and technology. Significant reforms occurred in the State Civil Service Law with the implementation of comprehensive meritocratic principles using technology such as Computers Assisted Test (CAT), and supervision by independent institutions such as KASN and BKN. The results of the study indicate an increase in effectiveness in transparency, accountability, and professionalism of civil servants along with the development of regulations, although implementation challenges in the regions remain obstacles. This study recommends strengthening technological infrastructure, supervision, and ASN training to support sustainable bureaucratic reform.

This paper examines the effectiveness of law enforcement in society from the perspective of legal sociology. The goal is to explain the extent to which law enforcement can be effective in society. To obtain data from the problem, the author uses the library research method to collect information relevant to the topic or problem to be studied. The type of data used in this study is secondary data obtained from library materials or literature that have a relationship with the object being studied. The results of the study show that the effectiveness of law enforcement has not been maximized. This is marked by the fact that it is not easy for the law to be enforced in cases involving elites or officials. The law should apply to all circles, not recognizing social stratification in its enforcement, but the reality that occurs is inversely proportional to the principle of law, the law is used as a tool for those who have interests. Therefore, the sociology of law is present to examine the impact of the enactment of a law in society, so that social phenomena can arise and develop in society. The sociology of law and the effectiveness of law are very closely related, because what will be discussed in the sociology of law will not be separated from the assessment of how far the effectiveness of law exists in society as part of social phenomena.

Due to the quick advancement of digital technology, online purchasing and selling has become easier. Online transactions do, however, come with a number of drawbacks, including fraud, mismatches between products and their descriptions, and privacy violations. With reference to Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, the purpose of this study is to examine the legal safeguards that Indonesian consumers have when making purchases online. The study's results, which were obtained using a normative juridical research methodology with an emphasis on statutory regulatory analysis, indicate that while the Consumer Protection Law creates a basic legal framework, more oversight and regulations are necessary to ensure its greater efficacy when applied in the digital sphere.

The integration of local wisdom in the role of village heads as mediators of industrial relations disputes is an effective strategy in rural conflict resolution. Local wisdom, which is a community's traditional knowledge and practices, can be used to understand and resolve complex conflicts. The village head, as a respected figure with traditional knowledge, can serve as an effective mediator in resolving industrial relations disputes. The results show that village heads play an important role as mediators by integrating local wisdom principles such as deliberation, mutual cooperation, and harmony in the mediation process. The custom-based approach proved effective in reaching an agreement that was acceptable to both parties and maintaining social harmony in the village. However, challenges arise when dealing with large companies or disputes involving formal legal aspects. This research provides new insights into the potential integration of local wisdom in the resolution of industrial relations disputes at the village level, as well as the implications for the development of a more contextualized alternative dispute resolution system in Indonesia. The analysis will discuss how the integration of local wisdom in the role of the village head can improve the effectiveness of conflict resolution in rural areas.

In Constitution Number 23 Year 2004 about Deletion Violence In House ladder in explain that violence in House ladder is every action to somebody especially Woman , Which result the emergence misery or suffering in a way physique , sexual , psychological , and/ or neglect House ladder including threat For do act , coercion , or robbery independence in a way oppose law in scope House stairs . This study aiming For do analysis law to protection law towards victims of crime violence in House ladder . This study focus on the framework law related victim protection in context marriage . The research method used is method normative law meaning study This use approach legal that is a the attempted approach with observe and pay attention existence applicable law and analysis? various regulation legislation and decisions relevant courts? with him . The results of the study show that although Already There is regulation For protecting victims of violence in House stairs , its application Still face Lots constraint .  A number of aspect important from analysis This concerning effectiveness laws that protect women and children , as well as role enforcement law in handle case violence in House stairs . With background behind said , research This emphasizes expansion and refinement? regulations , improvements awareness community , and participation active apparatus enforcer law For ensure greater victim protection effective . In short , protection law against victims of violence in House ladder need effort together between government , law enforcement law and society For create a safe and supportive environment for all victims of crime violence in House ladder .

This study aims to examine the resolution mechanisms for water traffic accidents causing death through Dayak customary law in Central Kalimantan, as well as the challenges faced in implementing this customary law. The research used a socio-legal methodology, reviewing applicable legal norms and the reality of their implementation in society. Data were collected from literature reviews, case notes, related reports, and interviews with directly involved parties. Data analysis was conducted descriptively to depict the dispute resolution process and its challenges. The findings indicate that resolutions of water accident cases resulting in death in the Dayak region are often settled through local customary institutions using fines and customary rituals. The fines imposed vary depending on the level of fault determined and can amount to millions of Rupiah, adjusted according to the demands of the victim's heirs and the perpetrator's ability. However, challenges in applying this customary law include the limited ability of the Mantir Adat to determine suspects and resolve discrepancies in statements between involved parties. A lack of explicit regulations also poses challenges, particularly concerning penalties for cases of death not explicitly regulated in the prevailing customary law. This research is significant as it provides insights into the role and challenges of customary law in dispute resolution in remote communities, promoting the need for adaptation and strengthening of customary law to be more responsive to community needs.
 

This article examines the impact of the common law legal system on the development of law in Indonesia, focusing on how elements of the system have influenced national legal practice and theory. This study uses a qualitative approach through document analysis and literature studies related to the history of Indonesian law and legal practice in common law countries. The results of the study indicate that although Indonesia adheres to a civil law legal system, the influence of common law is visible in certain aspects, such as the principle of precedent, legal interpretation, and the application of customary law. In addition, this study also explores how the integration of common law elements can enrich the dynamics of Indonesian law, especially in the context of legal reform and the achievement of substantive justice. With a better understanding of this influence, it is hoped that recommendations can be produced for the development of a legal system that is more responsive and adaptive to the needs of society.

This research investigates the integration of maritime law education and navigation skill development within vocational school settings. By leveraging qualitative methods, the study engages maritime professionals and vocational educators to assess curriculum effectiveness and alignment with industry standards. Key findings highlight the importance of practical application in maritime law education, emphasizing case studies and scenario-based learning to prepare cadets for real-world challenges. Simulator training emerges as pivotal in developing navigation skills and critical decision-making abilities essential for safe maritime operations. The study also underscores the significance of regulatory compliance, advocating for continuous curriculum adaptation to meet evolving STCW and IMO regulations. Recommendations include enhancing collaboration between stakeholders, expanding experiential learning opportunities, and integrating regulatory awareness throughout educational frameworks. By fostering these initiatives, vocational schools can nurture competent maritime professionals equipped to navigate global maritime challenges while upholding safety, sustainability, and regulatory standards.

The development of technology and information is currently very influential in all aspects of life, for example the use of social media is not only used as a means of obtaining information but social media is widely used as a means of doing business call an online shop. The development of technology, there are many online buying and selling sites where in it gathers many online shops into one site that makes it easier for buyers to get the items they want with various promos that attract students to shop on the site. In this study, researchers want to know how the development of E-Commerce affects the consumptive behavior of Madiun State Polytechnic students. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative method with a sample of 105 Madiun State Polytechnic students by distributing questionnaires. The results show that of the 105 samples taken, it can be seen that the biggest influence on students' consumptive behavior towards E-commerce is due to the promo or discount factor provided by E-commerce sites at the beginning of the month. 

In Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection, there is an article that prohibits obscene acts, which is regulated in Article 76E which reads: "Everyone is prohibited from committing violence or threats of violence, coercing, committing tricks, committing a series of lies, or persuading children to commit or allow obscene acts to be committed." Furthermore, Article 76D which reads: "Everyone is prohibited from committing violence or threats of violence to force a child to have intercourse with him or with another person This research was conducted with the aim of finding out how to protect the law for children who are victims of criminal acts of obscenity and how to prove and apply the law to criminal acts of obscenity committed by children. . The research method conducted in this study is a normative juridical research method so that it can be concluded as follows: 1. Child protection is regulated in Law Number 23 of 2002. In addition to Law No. 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection in protecting victims of child molestation, Law No. 13 of 2006 concerning the Protection of Witnesses and Victims can also protect victims of child abuse and victims of other criminal acts.2. Evidence in the crime of obscenity uses evidence in accordance with the Criminal Code. The valid evidence according to Law No. 8 of 1981 is regulated in Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code which consists of witness statements, expert statements, letter of recommendation, and information of the defendant. In the application of the law against child molesters, Article 82 of Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection can be applied by using the mechanism and system of child justice, namely Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Child Criminal Justice System.

Based on The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945), especially in the Preamble to the Fourth Paragraph , the State of Indonesia has objective national For advance well-being general and enlightening life nation . This matter become base law for development national focus on improvement? quality source Power human resources (HR) as the main capital .Education and skills is two element important in creating quality human resources . Article 26 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution confirms that every citizens have the right on education . Article 31 paragraph (3) also states that government responsible answer on maintenance education . This matter show internal state commitment provide access broad and equitable education? for all over people of Indonesia. 

In recent years, news about human trafficking both domestically and across countries has increasingly been broadcast in print and electronic media. The rise in crimes that occur is caused by various factors that encourage perpetrators to commit crimes. Human trafficking is a practice of modern slavery that degrades dignity and can threaten the survival of the general public. The target or targets of this trading practice are usually people who earn low income and have low education. It is important to know that this crime can be committed individually or collectively. It is said to be joint if it is carried out in the name of a business entity and in the interests of the corporation based on the work relationship and work environment of the corporation. Corporations as legal subjects for the criminal act of trafficking in persons are regulated in Article 13 of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Persons. The current obstacle is that the implementation or application of punitive sanctions against corporations is still not firm. This can be seen from the increasing number of cases where the perpetrator is a business entity or corporation. The method used in this research is a normative legal research method which examines legal materials such as books or articles that discuss human trafficking using secondary data for detailed analysis. qualitative. The aim of this research is to determine the factors that cause corporations to commit criminal acts of human trafficking in Indonesia and to find out how criminal sanctions are applied against corporations for criminal acts of human trafficking in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of trademark registration and the inhibiting factors faced by Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Wonogiri Regency, as well as to present solutions to overcome these challenges. This legal research is an empirical legal study that is descriptive. The research approach used is a socio-legal approach. The types and sources of legal materials used consist of primary and secondary legal materials. The legal materials are collected through document analysis and interviews. The analysis of legal materials is qualitative with a descriptive analytical method. Based on the research findings, it can be observed that trademark registration for MSMEs in Wonogiri Regency has not been well-implemented. Despite some awareness among MSMEs in this area regarding the importance of trademark registration, there are still obstacles in trademark registration and understanding intellectual property. Factors such as lack of knowledge about trademark registration, low legal awareness, complex registration procedures, and insufficient information about available facilities affect the implementation of trademark registration in this area. To address these challenges, there is a need for increased knowledge and education about trademark registration for MSMEs in Wonogiri Regency. Additionally, providing accessible information and facilities will help improve the implementation of trademark registration so that MSMEs can better understand the benefits and processes of trademark registration effectively

One of the gambling cases that was decided through the Medan District Court was the fish shooting gambling case, decision number 2452/Pid.B/2021/PN Mdn.Currently, many fish shooting games are found as gambling games in the community. The consequences of shooting fish gambling bring things that are not good financially and disrupt people's mindsets. The formulation of the problem that is made is How are the Sanctions in the Crime of Gambling Fish Shooting Game in the Medan District Court?, How is the Review of Criminal Law Against the Crime of Gambling Fish Shooting Game? This research uses normative research methods in the form of primary and secondary data sources which are then analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques with a deductive mindset. The results of the research are first, the decision of the District Court number 2452/Pid.B/2021/PN Mdn regarding the crime of gambling fish shooting agility games based on Article 303 Bis paragraph (1) 1 of the Criminal Code, which is to impose a prison sentence of 1 (one) year. ) year. Followed by the testimony of witnesses, defendants, evidence and considering things that are aggravating and mitigating for the defendant when determining the sentence of criminal sanctions.
 
 

The crime of terrorism is a form of crime with an international dimension that is very frightening to the public. Terrorism is a crime against humanity which is classified as an extraordinary crime because it has succeeded in creating chaos based on religion, sect or organization. This crime against humanity is regulated in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 2018 concerning Terrorism Crimes. Terrorist networks that are difficult to trace and have wide access make the problem of terrorism difficult to eradicate. Easy access between countries is one of the reasons why it is difficult to break the chain of terrorist networks. So efforts are needed through bilateral, regional and international cooperation to eradicate terrorism. The research method used in this paper uses normative legal research based on legal theories. By taking a legislative approach through literature study. This research aims to find out what causes perpetrators to commit criminal acts of terrorism and to find out what form of criminal law accountability exists for perpetrators who participate in criminal acts of terrorism in Indonesia.
 

The transfer of land rights is a legal event/action that results in the transfer of rights from one legal subject to another legal subject, thereby causing the loss of authority over the land. Land transfer refers to the process or action that changes land ownership from one party to another. This can occur through a variety of means, including sale, inheritance, gift, or voluntary or forced surrender. For example, if someone sells a house to someone else, that is a transfer of land. This research includes normative legal research, so the legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The technique for collecting legal materials that will be used as a source in this research is library research, namely collecting legal materials by reading statutory regulations, official documents, journals, articles from the internet, and other literature that is closely related to The issues discussed are based on secondary legal materials. Transfer of land rights is a right to transfer land rights from an individual to a legal entity. Legal transitions usually occur due to legal acts and legal events. The implementation of the transfer of land rights can occur due to transfer or transfer. Switching, for example due to inheritance of Decision Number. 13/Pdt.G/2020/Pn Tbt The Panel of Judges rejected the Defendants' exception in its entirety in the main case, rejecting the plaintiff's claim in its entirety. Decision Number 422/Pdt/2020/PT Mdn that accepts the bandi application from the Comparator's Attorney for the original Plaintiff based on the Decision of the Tebing Tinggi District Court Number 13/Pdt.G/2020/Pn Tbt, dated 20 July 2020 which is appealed in the exception and rejects the exception Appellee 1 and Appellee II, in the main case, canceled the decision of the Tebing Tinggi District Court which was appealed. At the cassation level, Decision Number 1928 K/Pdt/2021, namely granting the cassation petition from the cassation applicants consisting of the Chair of the Community Empowerment Institution, formerly the Community Social Institution, represented by Iskandar and Lalang Village, Rambutan District, Tebing Tinggi City, represented by Lura Adi Supeno, thereby canceling the Medan High Court Decision Number 422/PDT/2020/PT Medan and dated 21 October 2020 which annulled the Decision of the Tebing Tinggi District Court Number 13/Pdt.G/2020/PN TBT dated 20 July 2020.

Medan Immigration Detention Center (Rudenim) is a technical implementing unit that carries out immigration functions as a temporary shelter for foreigners who are subject to administrative immigration actions in the Nangroh Aceh Darussalam and North Sumatra regions. There are several reasons why foreign nationals are placed in Rudenim, including being in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia without having a valid immigration permit, waiting for the repatriation or expulsion/deportation process, being subject to administrative immigration actions, having completed their sentence and not yet being able to be repatriated or deported. This study aims to determine the history, duties and functions of the Medan Immigration Detention Center and to determine the role of the Medan Immigration Detention Center in fulfilling the Human Rights (HAM) of detainees in the Medan Immigration Detention Center. The research method used is descriptive qualitative and uses a data collection method with a literature review through primary and secondary legal sources. Primary sources such as daily reports made by the Medan Immigration Detention Center, interviews with detainees and employees at the Medan Immigration Detention Center, and observations in the detention room building. As for the secondary sources in this journal, they include related laws and regulations. The results of the study indicate that Rudenim Medan has fulfilled human rights such as the right to worship, receive adequate health services and food, detainees are also given the opportunity to convey complaints, receive visits from family or sponsors, and communicate with representatives of their country. However, there are challenges in the implementation of human rights protection, including the lack of guards at Rudenim Medan and the lack of English language skills of Rudenim Medan officers and the presence of detainees who cannot speak English. Therefore, there needs to be continuous effort from officers at Rudenim Medan, the government and related institutions to strengthen the protection of human rights of detainees at Rudenim Medan.
 
 
 

The social issue in giving to prisoners who have committed criminal acts of narcotics abuse is the prisoner's right to receive a reduced sentence if they have good behavior while undergoing training. In principle, remission is to create a correctional system that leads to the process of rehabilitation and resocialization of prisoners. The correctional system which started from prison then turned into a correctional system. Penitentiary institutions are no longer a place for revenge, but are a place for convict development.The nature of the research used is normative legal research and the data collection method used in this research is secondary data obtained through library research, namely by conducting research on various literature such as books, laws, with the aim of to look for concepts, or understandings related to the problem of Prison Criminal Efficiency in Changing Prisoner Behavior (Study at Class III Langkat Youth Correctional Institution. A convict is a person who is serving a sentence for a criminal offense or a convict who is serving his sentence in a correctional institution where some of his freedom has been lost. Whereas the regulations regarding remissions start from Government Regulation No. 32 of 1999, the conditions for granting remissions, one of which is for narcotics convicts, are the conditions for granting remissions so that their implementation reflects the values ??of justice.The mechanism for the process of granting remissions for narcotics crimes in Narcotics Correctional Institutions is that the stages of granting remissions are carried out by submitting an application for remission to the Minister of Law and Human Rights. Then the Head of Prisons makes an assessment with the correctional assessment team of the prisoner. The Head of Prisons and the Correctional Observer Team then held a hearing to discuss the request for remission accompanied by supporting data.

Cross-cultural communication in marriage involves understanding and adapting to the different norms, values, and traditions between partners from different cultures. Addressing differences in language, attitudes, and expectations is essential to establish effective communication, build trust, and minimize conflicts. This study aims to explore cross-cultural communication in interethnic marriages in Sweden. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation. The informants were married couples from different countries: a woman from Indonesia and a man from Sweden. The research method used was descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological approach, and the researcher connected the research object to Face Negotiation Theory. The results showed that the couple from two different countries tended to avoid conflict and displayed cooperative attitudes (obliging) in responding to differences and conflicts arising in daily interactions. Consequently, a harmonious marital relationship was established.
 
 

This research examines the implementation of legal protection for healthcare workers serving in remote areas, with a case study in Kapuas Hulu Regency. The main focus of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of existing legal protections and identify factors hindering their implementation. Through a qualitative approach using case study methods, this research reveals a significant gap between existing regulations and practices in the field. The case of Dr. I serves as a concrete example of weak legal protection, ranging from transfers without adequate consideration to eviction from official residences. Identified inhibiting factors include lack of understanding among local officials, weak inter-agency coordination, and discrepancies between central policies and local implementation. This study recommends the need for comprehensive reform in the legal protection system for healthcare workers in remote areas, including capacity building for local officials and strengthening oversight mechanisms.
 
 

Indonesia is one of the countries in Southeast Asia rich in nickel reserves, so this has become an attraction for foreign investors to compete to invest amid a drastic increase in market demand for lithium batteries for electric vehicles. Tesla, Inc. became one of the investors who showed interest in the potential for establishing a lithium-ion battery factory for electric vehicles. Indonesia is aware of Tesla's enthusiasm in trying to conduct intense negotiations and lobbying because these MNCs have several advantages in terms of advanced features and acceleration, as well as adhering to green principles. The author's aim in raising this issue is to reflect on Indonesia's long process of building government-to-business negotiations and lobbying with Tesla, where Indonesia sees this opportunity as a step to pursue national interests. The method used in this research is based on a literature study through secondary data collection. The findings from this research are that both Indonesia and Tesla use a rational approach and integrative strategy in negotiating investment cooperation. However, Indonesia's optimistic attitude is reflected in experiencing various challenges, including competition from competitors from other countries and unsustainable nickel mining problems.

The execution of the rehabilitation of military prisoners is carried out through a communicative and accommodating approach, involving direct interaction between officers and military prisoners via counseling or interviews. This aims to listen, accept, discover, regulate emotions, strengthen spirituality, and resolve personal and official issues while fostering dedication, sincerity, responsibility, and loyalty within the Indonesian National Armed Forces environment. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the existing challenges in implementing military prisoner development that need to be addressed and overcome. In this study, the author applied qualitative research employing a descriptive approach to systematically, factually, and promptly gather data in line with the research’s context. The findings of this study demonstrated that the success of rehabilitating military prisoners in military correctional institutions is not solely within the responsibility of the Center for Military Correctional Institutions and the Military Correctional Institution itself. It is also affected by external factors, including the attention and moral support offered by the unit commander from the origin place of the military prisoners. This influence aims to facilitate military prisoners’ transformation into soldiers embodying Sapta Marga values, ensuring their readiness for forthcoming unit responsibilities.

This study explores the application of sociological jurisprudence in online arbitration as a non-litigation alternative for resolving medical disputes in Indonesia. Sociological jurisprudence integrates the law with the social dynamics of society, which in the Indonesian context is reflected in the culture of consensus decision-making. Online arbitration utilizes technology to facilitate efficient and fair dispute resolution. This study proposes that the principle of consensus, in line with the Fourth Principle of Pancasila, can be implemented in online arbitration to achieve win-win solutions between patients and doctors or hospitals. Understanding that online arbitration is akin to consensus decision-making, led by a neutral and impartial arbitrator, is crucial for applying this concept in medical practice. The findings of this study indicate that online arbitration meets the need for a swift, precise, and mutually beneficial dispute resolution process for all parties involved.

The development of social media networks is extraordinary, with very easy access and unlimited friendships so that all groups regardless of social status ranging from old, young, and even children are so enthusiastic in using social media especially teenagers. Social networks are also used as a place for emotional outbursts, and it is not uncommon to express anger in the form of insults or insults which are often referred to as cyberbullying. The ITE Law provides legal protection for victims of criminal acts of cyberbullying as an effort to protect the law which is interpreted as the recognition and guarantees provided by the law in relation to human rights. Legal protection is a "condition sine quanon" law enforcement is a manifestation of the function of the law as its aim. is to prevent disputes. The purpose of writing is to determine the impact of cyberbullying on adolescents on social media. The method used is literature review using articles and journals from 2016 to 2020 obtained from the Google Scholar electronic database. The results of various studies show that cyberbullying on adolescents on social media has a huge impact that affects all aspects of life from psychological, physical, and social aspects. The impact of cyberbullying that is felt is not only the victim, but the perpetrator, perpetrator and victim will also have an impact.

This study aims to analyze and explain the enforcement of criminal law against perpetrators of corruption for state losses at PT Asuransi Jiwasraya. As well as explaining the accountability of perpetrators of corruption for state losses in the use of customer funds at PT Asuransi Jiwasraya through Cassation Decision Number 2931 K / Pid.Sus / 2021 and government efforts to provide protection to customers or policyholders of PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya. This study employs a normative legal research methodology. The study's findings demonstrate that PT Asuransi Jiwasraya's criminal law enforcement is following the guidelines laid out in Law Number 31 of 1999, as revised by Law Number 20 of 2001, when it comes to prosecuting those responsible for causing state losses due to corruption. The formulation demonstrates the efficacy of current legal regulations in handling the Jiwasraya case and protects the interests of public investors and shareholders. It contains specific elements and is subject to a specific sentencing system. Corruption at PT Asuransi Jiwasraya has resulted in monetary losses for the state. This is due to the defendant's substantial acts, which satisfy the criteria for a "Criminal Act" and a "error" that can be either "intentional" or "dolus" according to the trial evidence. This conclusion is reached in Cassation Decision Number 2931 K/Pid.Sus/2021. Customers or policyholders of PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya are protected through repressive legal measures, specifically through criminal channels, against those who have been proven to have violated the Corruption Crime Law, Article 55, paragraph 1, number 1, and Article 2 paragraph 1.

Challenges in establishing customary forests in Indonesia are caused by complicated bureaucracy, lack of synchronization between central and local bureaucracy, and the politics of citizen struggle using the identity of indigenous peoples. In the face of changes to Areal Penggunaan Lain (APL), there needs to be a careful approach and close collaboration between the local government, the central government, and indigenous peoples to achieve a balance between economic development, environmental preservation, and the rights of indigenous peoples. The research specification used in this research is descriptive analytical, which seeks to describe or describe events and events without conducting hypotheses and statistical calculations. Also normative juridical, namely research based on Ministerial regulations, books, and decrees of the Regent of North Tapanuli. The central and local governments have taken significant steps in recognizing and protecting the traditional and cultural rights of indigenous peoples. Changes in the Areal Penggunaan Lain (APL) can have serious impacts, requiring a cautious approach and close collaboration to maintain a balance between economic development, environmental preservation and the rights of indigenous peoples. Suggestions are made that local and central governments improve collaboration, concretely empower indigenous peoples, and integrate sustainable measures in policies to achieve a sustainable balance.

The protection of trade secrets against non-disclosure agreements is increasingly necessary in every cooperation agreement as a form of intellectual property protection. The purpose of this research is to know and understand the urgency of the inclusion of confidential information in the clause of the cooperation agreement so that it is fundamental to the principle of pacta sunt servanda. This research uses an analytical approach method to examine research materials through analysis of legal materials using normative legal research methods (Legal Research) In the protection of trade secrets, it also has a consequential impact on the abuse of the authority of the trade secret agreement contract because it has the nature of information that must be protected and not informed anywhere.

Policies that are often taken by public officials sometimes give rise to major criticism committing a pattern of criminal acts of corruption. Policies that are considered can fall into the action category corruption is policies that could harm state finances. So it's a loss State finances are one of the elements of criminal acts of corruption in Article 2 paragraph (1) and Article 3 Act No. 31 Year 1999 jo Act No. 20 Year 2001 about Eradication Act Criminal Corruption. The formulation of elements that are detrimental to state finances in these two articles is at the evidentiary level still raises various obstacles because it is an unclear and unclear norm multiple interpretations. Results from study show that prove that element harm state finances in criminal acts of corruption are still understood as formal criminal acts so that the proof Enough with fulfil deed the And No need There is consequence, Good Which potential harm finance country nor loss Which Actually, perpetrator can convicted. After Court Constitution through Decision Number 25/PUU-XIV/2016 mention that the word "can" in Article 2 paragraph (1) and Article 3 is unconstitutional and is fundamentally change qualification corruption become become crime material, However in its implementation There are different views regarding law enforcement officials in proving that element This is detrimental to state finances, giving rise to legal uncertainty. In the upcoming corruption criminal law reform, the more appropriate model of proof is with use draft loss finance country in meaning  crime material. Through draft This, something deed new can seen fulfil elements follow criminal corruption with condition There must be a result of the state's loss being real and occurring (actual). lost). Proof concept loss state finances in meaning  material ensure law Which fair certainty.

The background of this study is the high number of terrorism cases in Indonesia that require strict law enforcement measures but must still respect human rights. Legal protection for suspects in the investigation process is crucial to ensure a fair legal process and in accordance with human rights standards regulated in various laws and regulations, including the Criminal Procedure Code, Law No. 5 of 2018, the 1945 Constitution, and Law No. 39 of 1999.The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of legal protection for suspects of terrorism crimes in the Riau Islands Police area, identify obstacles faced in implementing this protection, and formulate solutions to overcome these obstacles. The research method used is the empirical legal method, with a qualitative approach involving data collection through interviews, observations, and document studies.The results of the study indicate that the implementation of legal protection for suspects in the Riau Islands Police area is still less than optimal. The main obstacles identified include abuse of authority by law enforcement officers, lack of resources and capacity, and social stigma and discrimination against suspects. Abuse of authority often occurs in the form of unprocedural arrests and detentions, while limited resources result in a lack of adequate equipment and training for officers. Social stigma worsens the situation by hindering fair and humane legal protection. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that supervision and accountability for the actions of law enforcement officers be strengthened, training and capacity building for officers be carried out continuously, and anti-stigma education and campaigns be carried out for the community. These steps are expected to increase the effectiveness of human rights protection for suspects, so that the process of investigating terrorism crimes can be carried out more fairly and in accordance with the principles of law and justice.
 

Constitutionally, tax collection is regulated in Article 23A of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which confirms that taxes and other coercive levies are for state needs as regulated by law. Tax regulations themselves are regulated in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 28 of 2007 concerning General Provisions and Tax Procedures. Tax is an official state levy on taxpayer citizens. What is meant by taxpayer is an individual or entity including taxpayers, tax holding agents and tax collectors who have tax rights and obligations in accordance with the provisions of tax laws and regulations. As time goes by and the development of economic globalization, there is a lot of potential for crimes or crimes in the economic sector committed by corporate business actors. The difficulty of holding corporations criminally liable results in many material and immaterial losses to the state. However, criminal liability in the form of strict liability can provide a solution to this problem. Where full corporate criminal liability (strict liability) states that corporations can be held criminally liable. This research uses normative research methods by taking a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The data obtained in this research was through literature study by collecting data from secondary legal materials, namely primary data, secondary data and tertiary data related to the problem formulations that will be discussed in this research. Then the data obtained is analyzed and described qualitatively. The aim of this research is to determine the modus operandi of perpetrators in committing criminal acts of tax evasion based on Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 28 of 2007 concerning General Provisions and Tax Procedures and to find out how criminal law is applied to corporations for criminal acts of tax evasion based on Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 28 of 2007 concerning General Provisions and Tax Procedures.

Climate change has emerged as a serious threat to both humanity and the global ecosystem, necessitating a coordinated global response. The Paris Agreement embodies these efforts by emphasizing the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities (CBDR-RC), which underscores the awareness of shared responsibility with varying capacities among nations. This principle is reflected in the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), serving as tangible manifestations of each country's commitment. This research addresses two main issues: Firstly, why is the CBDR-RC principle the foundation for implementing NDCs in Indonesia? Secondly, to what extent does the implementation of NDCs in Indonesia align with the CBDR-RC principle and Indonesia's commitments in the Paris Agreement to achieve sustainable development and address climate change? This study the study utilizes legislative, comparative, conceptual, and historical methodologies. Findings reveal that the CBDR-RC principle forms the basis of NDC implementation in Indonesia, grounded in Indonesia's membership status in the Paris Agreement. However, practical execution falls short, revealing a disparity between idealism and reality in realizing commitments and ambitions to address climate change.

Batam City, as a rapidly growing industrial center, faces major challenges in allocating agricultural land for farmers who need legal certainty over the land they manage. The background of the problem in this study is the conflict of interest between industrial development and the need for agricultural land protection, which often sacrifices farmers' rights and causes legal uncertainty. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of the government in allocating land for farmers in Batam City and to provide policy recommendations that can increase legal certainty over agricultural land. The research method used is a normative and empirical juridical approach, which includes an analysis of relevant laws and regulations such as Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Regulations on Agrarian Principles, Law Number 41 of 2009 concerning the Protection of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land, and Law Number 19 of 2013 concerning the Protection and Empowerment of Farmers. Primary data was collected through interviews with farmers, government officials, and other stakeholders, while secondary data was obtained from legal literature, policy documents, and previous case studies.The results of the study show that the implementation of land allocation for farmers in Batam City has not been optimal. Farmers often do not get adequate legal certainty because the allocated land can be revoked at any time by the government for the benefit of industrial development. The main obstacles identified include conflicts of interest between economic development and agricultural land protection, lack of legal certainty, weak coordination and oversight, development and urbanization pressures, and lack of supporting infrastructure. As a suggestion, this study recommends that the Batam City Government develop a balanced and inclusive spatial planning policy, accelerate the land certification process for farmers, improve coordination between institutions, and invest in agricultural infrastructure development. In addition, farmers are expected to strengthen their organizations to advocate for their rights, while the people of Batam City need to actively participate in the process of land use planning and monitoring to ensure sustainable and equitable development.
 

In order to prevent the distribution and use of narcotics in detention centers, narcotics dealers are subject to a specific minimum penalty for the type of punishment that can be imposed on criminals. The social issue in giving to prisoners who have committed criminal acts of narcotics abuse is the prisoner's right to receive a reduced sentence if they have good behavior while undergoing training. The nature of the research used is normative legal research and the data collection method used in this research is secondary data obtained through library research, namely by conducting research on various literature such as books, laws, with the aim of to look for concepts or understandings related to the problem of the Family Visiting Service System for Inmates in the Class II B Tanjung Pura Detention Center. Legal Arrangements for the Family Visiting Service System for Inmates in the Class II B Tanjung Pura Detention Center can be interpreted as a place where people are gathered who violate the rules and norms that exist in society. Meanwhile, the principle adopted by correctional institutions is to position prisoners as subjects who are seen as individuals, ordinary citizens, and as creatures of God. Based on this, in prison prisoners receive guidance and guidance with the hope that after completing their sentence, prisoners can socialize with the community and improve their skills so they can live independently in society. Factors Inhibiting the Family Visiting Service System for Inmates in the Class II B Detention Center in Tanjung Pura, from children to adults, are not free from narcotics, in Indonesian law enforcement the morning criminal sanctions for narcotics dealers do not seem to be feared by the dealers because it is proven by Year after year the problem of narcotics always increases.

Forest areas are open natural resources that have potential and an important role in supporting human needs. However, as time goes by, natural resources in the forestry sector are starting to decline due to the large number of business entities or corporations carrying out illegal logging activities. If this is allowed to continue continuously, damage to Indonesia's forests will increase and will have a major impact on the economy due to decreased state income. The research method used in this research is a normative legal method which examines Law Number 18 of 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction and other laws as research material by taking a statutory approach (Statute Approach) obtained from literature studies ( Library Research). This research aims to determine the impact of illegal logging carried out by corporations and to determine criminal legal sanctions for illegal logging carried out by corporations based on Law number 18 of 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forest Damage. From the problem formulations above, it can be concluded that corporate crime resulting from illegal logging activities is a major crime and is very dangerous and threatens the lives of humans, animals and plants.
 
 

The existence of the police is essential in overcoming criminal acts of terrorism, because the police are structured in such a way from the regions to the center and are also in accordance with the duties and functions of the police in creating public security and enforcing the law. The problem raised in this research is: what are the steps taken by the National Police in tackling criminal acts of financing terrorism? What are the obstacles to the National Police in dealing with criminal acts of terrorism?This research is directed towards normative, or doctrinal, juridical legal research which is also referred to as library research or document study, because it is mostly carried out on secondary data in libraries. The results of the research and discussion explain the role of the National Police in overcoming criminal acts of terrorism, namely maintaining public security and order, which is a dynamic condition of society as one of the prerequisites for implementing the national development process in order to achieve national goals which are characterized by ensuring security, order and the rule of law, as well as fostering it. peace, which contains the ability to foster and develop the potential and strength of society in warding off, preventing and overcoming all forms of law violations and other forms of disturbance that can disturb society. The National Police's efforts to tackle terrorism include repressive efforts, preventive efforts and preemptive efforts. The obstacle for the National Police in tackling terrorism is that it is hampered by the synergy of cross-sectoral cooperation, namely between the police, regional government and other related agencies.
 
 

. Legal Protection for the Implementation of Execution of Dependent Rights in Conventional Banks, which includes Research Objectives. For legal protection of the mechanism for the execution of the right of dependency in the return of debtors to the convention bank. Analyze the settlement of cases against bad debtors' assets to traditional banks and the execution of dependant rights in the process of loan repayment. How far studies on dependent rights execution in traditional banks have gone in terms of legal protections. Procedures for Conducting Studies The studies utilized are of a legal normative type. The study's findings Law 49/Prp of 1960, pertaining to the State Receivables Affairs Committee (PUPN Law), protects the right of dependents to the return of debts owed by government commercial banks. It is the responsibility of the State Receivables Affairs Committee ("PUPN"), established by law, to oversee the administration of all State Receivables. The execution of dependent rights in the return of debtors' assets to traditional banks and the settlement of bad credit cases were both inefficient and unsuccessful because, in reality, they could not recover the debts owed by the debtors. In summary Compared to the value of new bad credit cases submitted by traditional banks, the realization of receipts from the process of executing the right of dependency every year is significantly lower. As a result, the State Receivables and Auction Service Office (henceforth KP2LN) takes over the handling of receivables from traditional banks.

Batam Port is one of the strategic ports in Indonesia that plays an important role in the flow of goods and passengers and supports regional and international connectivity. As a port with mandatory pilotage waters, pilotage and towing services are vital components in ensuring the safety and efficiency of port operations. The imposition of Non-Tax State Revenue (PNBP) of 5% from these services aims to increase state revenue and the quality of port services. However, the implementation of this policy raises various challenges, such as overlapping levies that increase ship operational costs and low levels of user compliance.This study aims to analyze the legal regulations, implementation, and impact of the imposition and management of PNBP contributions of 5% from pilotage and towing services in Class II Pilotage Waters of Batam Port. The research method used is qualitative with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies. Research respondents included officials of the Batam Special Harbormaster and Port Authority Office (KSOP), Port Business Entities holding pilotage delegations, shipping companies, and port service user.The results of the study show that the imposition of 5% PNBP is supported by a strong legal basis, but its implementation still faces obstacles such as high operational costs due to overlapping levies and low understanding and compliance of service users. The management of PNBP funds that is not transparent is also an obstacle in achieving the goal of improving port services and infrastructure. To overcome this problem, efforts are needed to harmonize levy policies, increase transparency and accountability in fund management, and provide more effective education and socialization to the maritime community. Suggestions submitted include harmonization of policies between KSOP Batam and the Port Business Entity BP Batam, increasing socialization and education to service users, and reviewing regulations by the government to ensure port efficiency and competitiveness. With these steps, it is hoped that the implementation and management of 5% PNBP can be more efficient, fair, and provide optimal benefits for all stakeholders in Batam Port.
 

Apart from being regulated by Islamic law, in Indonesia marriage is also regulated by the state, as is the registration of marriages which is regulated by article 2 of Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning marriage. These regulations were not made without reason, but these regulations were made to ensure orderly marriages for the Islamic community in Indonesia. The practice of unregistered marriages is based on different reasons, whether due to economic factors, not wanting to have difficulties with marriage administration, and so on. The research method used in this work is normative legal research or what can also be called literature study with various data sources which are then analyzed in depth and presented descriptively. Until we reach a simple conclusion that according to positive state law, a wife is not considered a legal wife, because there is no authentic evidence, because in the Compilation of Islamic Law the truth about the existence of a marriage can only be proven by the existence of a "marriage certificate" made by a Marriage Registrar.

Digital innovation offers myriad advantages to companies but also entails risks necessitating mitigation. To safeguard against adverse impacts on both the company and its consumers, adherence to legal obligations is imperative. Privacy and security risks pose potential economic, ethical, or legal ramifications for consumers and companies alike. The duty to safeguard personal data is shared between governmental bodies and companies, with the latter assuming primary responsibility as service providers. Ethical business conduct entails the protection of user data and transparent disclosure of data usage to users. Companies also need to consider human, technological, and environmental aspects before developing new technologies. Therefore, awareness from companies is needed to fulfill their digital social responsibility. The latest regulation is Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection. Personal data protection is one of the main focuses of Corporate Digital Responsibility (CDR) or Corporate Digital Responsibility. The CDR concept is an evolution of Corporate Social Responsibility adapted to the digital era. In CDR, companies are expected to adopt practices that consider digital culture. It can be an effective strategy to integrate business and government interests in efforts to protect digital users.

The rights of prisoners as Indonesian citizens who have lost their independence due to committing a criminal offence, must be carried out in accordance with human rights. One of the rights of prisoners is to get a reduction in the period of punishment (remission) which is regulated in the legislation. Remission in the implementation system of imprisonment, especially concerning coaching issues, is recognised and protected by law. This study aims to determine the legal basis for granting remission to prisoners, to determine the implementation of granting remission to prisoners in the Class II A Langkat Narcotics Penitentiary and to determine the obstacles and solutions in the implementation of granting remission to prisoners in the Class II A Langkat Narcotics Penitentiary. The research method used in this research is descriptive with the type of empirical legal research or field research and qualitative data analysis. The legal basis for granting remission for prisoners is regulated in Law Number 22 of 2022 concerning Corrections and several implementing regulations. In these regulations, remission for prisoners can be given to prisoners who meet certain conditions. The stages of granting remission by submitting an application accompanied by evidence that he meets the requirements, the correctional institution will verify and evaluate the application, after the verification and evaluation process is complete, the correctional institution will make a decision on whether the inmate is entitled or not to receive remission.  The rules for obtaining remission in Indonesia should be tightened and reinforced in accordance with the applicable law without any misappropriation and intensive socialisation, training for officers, effective cooperation with authorities such as the police, prosecutors and judges and the information provided about the procedures for granting remission is correct and precise.

The criminal justice system ideally aims to uphold the law fairly and objectively and avoid the intervention of external parties. If the criminal justice system is not carried out properly, it will lead to public distrust of law enforcers if the process is not fair and objective, increased insecurity if law enforcement is not carried out professionally and proportionally, resulting in public pressure on the process of handling criminal cases. The problem in this study is how the influence of public pressure on the process of handling criminal cases. The research method used is normative juridical which is carried out based on the main legal material by examining legal principles, laws and regulations, theories, concepts, and mass media news related to this research. Public pressure has a significant influence on the process of handling criminal cases. On the one hand, public pressure can encourage law enforcement to work more quickly, transparently and responsibly in handling cases. On the other hand, excessive public pressure can disrupt the legal process and hinder fair and objective law enforcement.

This research is motivated by the increasing threat of global terrorism and the importance of the role of civil society in the prevention and countermeasures of terrorism crimes. In Riau Islands Province, civil society involvement in security still faces various obstacles, including a lack of awareness, fear of reprisals, and a lack of resources, all of which have an impact on the effectiveness of counterterrorism efforts. The purpose of this study is to analyze the participation of civil society in counterterrorism efforts in the Riau Islands, identify the obstacles faced, and provide suggestions for increasing community involvement. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data is collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and analysis of documents related to security policies. Respondents included security forces, NGO activists, and civil society members involved in security initiatives. The results show that despite the recognition of the importance of community involvement, there are still shortcomings in the implementation of effective programs. These shortcomings include a lack of training, a lack of protection for whistleblowers, and a lack of resources. These barriers limit the active participation of the community in terrorism prevention and countermeasures activities. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that the government increase the allocation of resources for community participation programs, develop safe and anonymous reporting mechanisms, and conduct extensive education and socialization programs to increase public awareness and skills in identifying and reporting suspicious activities. Security forces must also strengthen relations with civil society through more open communication and confidence-building

The research aims at investigating he mechanism for impeaching the Vice Regent period for 2016-2020 Gorontalo district and factors that influence Vice Regent to be impeached. This research is empirical research or direct research. The research is used descriptive analysis method so that the comprehensive view picture can be obtained regarding the rules which related to applicable rules or norms. The impeachment process is starts begins with a report submitted by a society the Regional House of Representatives, which is the legislature's commissions. Then it was continued with the formation of a Special Committee to hold a plenary session of the impeachment process for the 2016-2020 Deputy Regent. From the final results of the process in the realm of the Regional People's Representative Council, it is submitted to the Supreme Court in Deciding and establishing an Opinion from the Regional People's Representative Council which is then validated by the Minister of Home Affairs and returned to the regional government to announce the decision on the dismissal. The legal basis for the process and prohibition of a leader is regulated in the 1945 Constitution in conjunction with Law number 23 of 2014 concerning regional government.

PT Mitra Gadai Kepri is one of the Private Pawnshops in Batam City which is licensed by OJK to provide financing products. However, the business of financing activities carried out often occurs Default, especially with Fiduciary Guarantees. Based on the description in this thesis, the problems to be studied are: 1)How is the Legal Arrangement Related to the Settlement of Default Debtors with Fiduciary Guarantees at PT Mitra Gadai Kepri in Batam City. 2)How is the Implementation Related to the Settlement of Debtor Default with Fiduciary Guarantee at PT Mitra Gadai Kepri Partner in Batam City. 3)What Factors are the Obstacles / Constraints and Solutions Related to the Settlement of Default Debtors with Fiduciary Guarantees at PT Mitra Gadai Kepri in Batam City. The method in this research is Normative Legal research supported by empirical research. Therefore, the Legislation and Conceptual approach will be carried out. Used in data collection in this research with Interviews and Literature Studie. The results of the study concluded that consumers who default with fiduciary guarantees due to low understanding of financial literacy. As well as not knowing the existence of regulations governing the protection of consumers and the public in the Financial Services Sector in resolving defaults with fiduciary guarantees. Suggestions in this study are that the OJK and Financial Services Business Actors must increase Financial Literacy and Inclusion in the wider community and include the government in eradicating illegal financial services. Financial Services Business Actors must analyze the ability to pay prospective customers in order to minimize defaults, especially with fiduciary guarantees and must resolve defaults in accordance with applicable regulations. And an appeal to the public to be wiser and more selective in choosing financial service products and institutions that provide these services.
 
 

The Correctional System has been able to change the prison system for the better by treating prisoners as subjects. This is where the human factor is more emphasised and prisoners are also increasingly valued. The Correctional System has been able to change the prison system for the better by treating prisoners as subjects. This is where the human factor is highlighted and prisoners are also increasingly valued. The hope is that after the prisoner leaves the correctional institution, the prisoner will not repeat the criminal act again or the prisoner has had a deterrent effect on the prisoner. The research used in this journal is normative legal research. Normative legal research is research that examines the laws and regulations that apply to a legal problem. Normative research with the object of study of legislative documents by studying and by examining library legal materials or can be called a study of legal science. Prisoners are people who are undergoing a period of punishment or punishment in the penitentiary, but however the prisoner is also a human being, so the human rights of prisoners must also be protected. Related to the provision of the rights of prisoners in the Provision of services to the rights of prisoners that have been in the Class II B Tanjung Pura Detention Centre including the revocation of conditional release, granting permission to leave the city, requests for medical recommendations given to prisoners, transfer at the request of their own legal counsel in the region or between regions, delegation of correctional client guidance, social rehabilitation for drug users, referral for further treatment outside the prison, legal consultation in the field of correctional services, legal aid facilities, conditional leave for general crimes and the assimilation of general crimes.

This research aims to determine the obstacles in managing village assets as well as regional government policies in overcoming obstacles to managing village assets. This research method uses empirical legal research with a sociological juridical approach. As for the research results that obstacles in managing village assets include village assets, especially village treasury land, which are mostly controlled by third parties, unequal potential for village assets, inharmonious conditions of village government, difficulty in making decisions in determining the fair value of village assets, not actually including the results of village asset management. into the APBDes. As for the government's policies in overcoming these obstacles, the DPRD and the regional government periodically carry out synergistic activities through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) to unravel problems in managing village assets, the government together with the DPRD always receive complaints and mediate to find solutions related to obstacles in managing village assets, The DPRD encourages regional governments through sub-districts to provide assistance in submitting minutes of the handover of the position of village head in relation to the inventory of village assets, and the Government together with the DPRD carry out studies to amend or adjust Regional Regulations or Regent Regulations regarding village asset management according to input from the village government with prior implementation. comprehensive study.

General elections (elections) are a benchmark for the success of democracy for countries that adhere to democratic principles such as Indonesia. The large number of hoax issues surrounding the election that are spread via social media are often considered cybercrime or cybercrime. Meanwhile, criminal law is currently developing discussions about Restorative Justice, which offers forms of settlement with the aim of fulfilling the wishes of the parties with a win-win solution. The legal issue analyzed in this research is how restorative justice policies apply in enforcing the law against perpetrators of spreading fake news (hoaxes) related to elections on social media to see the possibility of using alternative dispute resolution for election violations, especially at the police level. The method used in this research is normative juridical, using literature study and a statutory and regulatory approach related to the legal issue being discussed. This research shows that the Restorative Justice Policy against perpetrators of spreading fake news (hoaxes) taken by the Police is carried out to create a clean, healthy and productive Indonesian digital space so as not to give rise to diversity in investigative administration and differences in interpretations of investigators and irregularities must be carried out in a persuasive, educational manner. so that there is no suspicion of criminalization in the criminal act of spreading fake news (hoax) against the perpetrator or in other words the person being reported. 

In the social field, there are development and change condition public will impact on existence anges to the order existing laws in the country. The more its height demands society so that the Government can organize with method transparent, accountable, more responsive to the needs and expectations that exist in society, create development theory principles general good government.? This writing focuses on the challenges faced moment implementation principle the. With use normative juridical approach, author will study in a way regulation legislation. Based on results analysis writer, then can concluded that there is a number of a must challenge resolved, first balance strength in a democratic political system, second, systemic and independent supervision by existing state and social institutions with good, third, institution the law is not yet completely independent and impartial in carry out Justice law, fourth, quality source Power still human? not enough in carry the trust given.

The State of Indonesia is a state of law, which means that all legal regulations in force in the State of Indonesia must be obeyed by citizens and state administrators. However, in fact, there are still many legal regulations that are violated by citizens and state administrators, such as in cases of corruption. Corruption in Indonesia is very rampant from year to year. Therefore, it is necessary to enforce the law on corruption in order to realize upholding the rule of law, upholding justice and realizing peace in society. However, it is very worrying, it turns out that the law enforcement of corruption in Indonesia is classified as very weak. This can be seen from the fact that there are still many lawmakers or law enforcers themselves who commit acts of corruption. The formulation of regulations regarding criminal acts of corruption is a long process that has been going on since the issuance of Law Number 1 of 1946 concerning Criminal Law Regulations on February 26, 1946 which made the legal basis for changing Wetboek van Strafrecht voor Netherlands Indie to Wetboek van Strafrecht (WvS), which later known as the Criminal Code. Until now, the regulations regarding criminal acts of corruption are still undergoing changes, with the latest amendments being through Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Corruption Crimes and Law Number 7 of 2006 concerning Ratification of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption , 2003 (United Nations Convention Against Corruption, 2003). From the long journey of formulating regulations regarding criminal acts of corruption, it turns out that legal loopholes are still found, especially in the regulation regarding criminal acts of corruption, bribery and gratuities.

In today's modern era, all activities are beyond what is called technological progress, social media is now not only a medium to communicate but can also be a medium that can do investment activities. Man is called a creature homo economics (mahkluk ekonomi). This term is then now understood by most people with the meaning of a creature whose primary purpose in life is to seek profit. With the development of this era all investment activities can be done easily based on digital social media or online, one of the investment activities that can be made with online is online earnings, earnings in general is the activity of collecting money in groups formed by a member then determined how many times in a day or a week spend a month in such collection. after the money is collected then it is determined who will get the first number lottery to the end. With the development of this era online arisan activities are now also not only supported by adults but also by young people, for young people online Arisan becomes an investment choice because of the mechanisms that are quite easy, efficient, and encouraging, but not a little maintenance of this online aryan runs smoothly one of the cases of disadvantage against online arsan. The aim of this study is to find out the conclusion of a misconduct in an online arisan agreement between Umi Barokah (claimant I), Susanti (claimed II), Fransisca Irene Miranda Putty (claimer III), Erfira Meyer (claimsant IV) and the accused namely Anggie Nadia under Judgment No. 32./Pdt.G/2020/PN. Tpg. Based on the research used, the specifications of the research are descriptive. Juridical-normative, legislative, informal, and case approaches. Data collection techniques used are document studies and literature studies, with methods of data analysis normative-qualitative. Based on the results of the analysis of the settlement of non- performance in the online derivative agreement in the judgment No. 12/Pdt.G/2020/PN. Tpg, the judge's assembly rejected the petitioners' claims in its entirety because they did not meet the subjective conditions of the agreement, and the objective valid condition of an agreement is that there is no particular thing, and cause is not legal that is contrary to the law.
 

The emergence of telemedicine as a digital transformation in the healthcare industry is a remarkable innovation that merges cutting-edge technology with community involvement. The progress has been found to enhance the quality of healthcare services but also poses challenges to ethical values in medicine that must be upheld to safeguard human dignity. Consequently, there is a pressing need to reform laws that can safeguard both healthcare providers and patients. Suggested legal reforms include modifying medical practice regulations to ensure equitable legal protection for doctors and patients during telemedicine consultations and bolstering the use of medical records as evidence in conflict resolution. These measures are aimed at ensuring that technological advancements in healthcare align with the values of Pancasila, which prioritize scientific values, fairness, justice, humanity, and balance, as well as the safety and protection of patients.

The granting of remissions for drug convicts is based on the condition of the house detainees who are overcrowded by convicts due to over capacity. Granting remission is not applied to drug convicts involved in large-scale trafficking cases, especially for big producers and airports. Tightening remissions for extraordinary crimes (Extraordinary Crime), especially for convicts of narcotics cases in Indonesia because these crimes continue to increase from year to year.The purpose of this study is to find out the legal rules regarding remission for narcotics convicts, the implementation of granting remissions for narcotics convicts in class II B Tanjung Pura prison and the obstacles to implementing the disciplinary law for narcotics convicts in class IIB Tanjung Pura prison. This research is included in the analytical descriptive research with the type of normatif juridical research using qualitative analysis methods. Based on the results of the research, it is known that the legal basis used in granting remission is regulated in Law Number 12 of 1995 concerning Corrections, Presidential Decree Number 174 of 1999 concerning Remission, Presidential Decree Number 21 of 2005 given for extraordinary events, Government Regulations Number 99 of 2012 concerning the Second Amendment to Government Regulations Number 32 of 1999 concerning Requirements and Procedures for the Implementation of the Rights of Correctional Families, Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 18 of 2019 concerning Amendments to the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 3 of 2018 concerning Terms and Procedures for Granting Remission, Assimilation, Leave to Visit Family, Parole, Leave Before Release, and Conditional Leave. Implementation of Granting Remission at the Langkat Class IIB Tanjung Pura Penitentiary refers to laws and regulations that regulate provisions regarding remissions, during 2020 973 general remissions were granted and 1039 special remissions, in 2021 1145 general remissions were granted and 1135 special remissions and in 2022 1908 general remissions were granted and special remissions as many as 1147 people as well as obstacles to the implementation of grants remissions to inmates at the Class IIB Tanjung Pura Correctional Institution come from ; internal factors such as prisoner behavior factors, human resource factors, facilities and infrastructure factors and external factors such as legal or juridical factors, administrative factors, institutional factors, and community factors.

The case of sexual violence against children from the perspective of international law highlights the importance of protecting children from all forms of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. The purpose of this paper is to understand the forms of international law rules regarding cases of sexual violence against children and how international law prosecutes the perpetrators. The discussion of cases of sexual violence against children shows that these cases have serious and widespread impacts, with nearly 1.7 billion children worldwide experiencing violence. To address this issue, it is necessary to strengthen the legal framework that considers all behaviors related to Child Sexual Abuse and Male Sexual Abuse (CSAM) as criminal acts. Increasing resources in law enforcement, cooperation with the private sector, education, and relevant research are also important to increase our awareness of sexual violence. The conclusion that can be drawn is that children are indeed a new generation that will continue the continuity of nations and states, so it is only fair for us and law enforcement to ensure that all human rights of children are fulfilled.

The purpose of writing this journal is to identify and analyze the ways and motives behind corrupt acts carried out by corporations, as well as understand the organizational structure and market dynamics that influence these corrupt practices. And evaluate the legal consequences that apply to corporations involved in acts of corruption and examine the effectiveness of implementing these penalties in efforts to prevent and overcome corruption among corporations. The approach method used in this research is Normative Law (normative juridical) using a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a comparative and empirical approach (field data). The research results show that corporations are involved in acts of corruption through various, often complex and covert means, driven by motives to increase profits, dominate markets, or avoid regulations. The mechanisms they use range from giving bribes, manipulating tenders, to money laundering practices. Corporations involved in acts of corruption can face a number of legal consequences, ranging from heavy fines, license revocation, asset confiscation, to operational restrictions. Although these penalties are intended to provide a deterrent effect, their effectiveness in preventing corporate corruption often varies. While fines may have a financial impact, without significant internal changes in corporate culture and governance, the potential for a return to corrupt behavior remains.

Cyberbullying is bullying using digital technology. This can happen on social media, chat platforms, gaming platforms, and mobile phones. Meanwhile, according to Think Before Text, cyberbullying is aggressive and purposeful behavior carried out by a group or individual, using electronic media, repeatedly from time to time, against someone who is deemed not to easily resist this action. So, there is a difference in power between the perpetrator and the victim. The difference in strength in this case refers to a perception of physical and mental capacity. The nature of the research used is normative legal research and the data collection method used in this research is secondary data obtained through library research, namely by conducting research on various literature such as books, laws, with the aim of to look for concepts, or understandings related to the problem of Cyber ??Bullying Behavior Due to Social Media Which Affects Teenagers. The physical impact of cyberbullying is that teenagers experience headaches, stomach aches, sleep disorders, fatigue, back pain, loss of appetite and digestive problems. Psychologically and emotionally, teenagers feel fear, feelings of terror, anxiety, suffering, sadness, stress and symptoms of depression. School is related to teenagers being less motivated to go to school and a decrease in concentration levels or academic grades. Psychosocially, adolescents have feelings of isolation and loneliness, exclusion and even social rejection. That a personality who is dominant and enjoys violence tends to be temperamental, impulsive, and easily frustrated and often behaves aggressively in adults. Personality characteristics have a fairly high role in a person's tendency to become a perpetrator of cyberbullying. A person with high self-esteem will show himself to have power over others. This is what makes cyberbullying perpetrators show that they are someone who is powerful by bullying weak people.

The correctional system aims to restore prisoners, especially women prisoners, as good citizens, and also aims to protect the community against the possibility of criminal acts by prisoners, especially women prisoners. As well as an application and an integral part of the values contained in Pancasila. From some of the possibilities that occur, the government changed the role to the Correctional Institution, meaning that the convicts are placed together and the placement process and activities according to the schedule since the convict entered the institution, in addition to the length of serving the sentence. Although this institution is not directly related to law enforcement, it plays a major role in creating public order in legal life. This research is focused on literature studies or document studies because this research is mostly carried out on secondary data and Primary Data as a trap, the data to be obtained in this study were collected by means of library research (Library Research) The library material referred to consists of primary legal materials, namely related legislation in accordance with the Criminal Code. The research specification used is descriptive analysis, namely describing the results of research with data that is also complete and as detailed as possible. Description is intended for primary, secondary and tertiary data related to legal certainty about the rights of women prisoners in Lubuk Pakam correctional institutions legislation and theories that have been relevant. The presence of Class IIB Lubuk Pakam Correctional Facility is expected to be able to provide good and appropriate guidance to prisoners and provide information to the public about the implementation of inmate guidance in detention centres through mass media and newspapers or other means in accordance with the intention of changing the public's view of prisoners, that prisoners can return to society without discrimination. The implementation of women prisoners' development in Lubuk Pakam Penitentiary contains several procedures starting from the reception of prisoners, registration to the next stage of the implementation of prisoners' development. In the implementation stage itself consists of stages, namely the initial stage of teaching prisoners to have religious and legal awareness, the advanced stage which gives direction to prisoners to always display their talents and skills so that when in the Penitentiary, prisoners have positive activities to do.

Children born in a valid marriage according to the Rote tradition sometimes have their status not recognized in society if the relationship between the parents and the family is not harmonious or if problems occur in the marriage process which has an impact on the child's relationship with the biological father and the father's family. The aim of the research is to determine the status of children and the position of children born in a legal customary marriage according to the customary law of the Rote indigenous community in the inheritance system. The results obtained: giving a dowry (belis) will create a continuous reciprocal relationship between both sides of the family, the status and position of children born in valid marriages according to Rote customary law, because if the relationship between the parents is not harmonious then the child's status is not recognized as the child of the biological father so he cannot claim his rights as an heir. The parties involved have a role and function to make an agreement that does not burden either party, and provides a sense of justice for each party, so that the dispute can be resolved amicably. does not destroy the order of traditional values ??in society.

Corporate crime against the environment is a major crime and is very dangerous for human life. Even though there are laws that regulate forms of legal sanctions for corporations, in fact environmental pollution still occurs. In environmental criminal cases involving corporations, the principle of absolute responsibility should be applied, so that the application of absolute responsibility can be expanded. This means that the sanctions that will be imposed on the perpetrators are not only civil compensation claims but also criminal legal protection. Legal sanctions for corporations proven to have committed criminal acts of environmental pollution include imprisonment, fines and additional penalties. Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management states that the criminal act referred to is committed by or on behalf of a legal entity, company, association, foundation or organization, the threat of a criminal fine is increased by one third. The method used in this research is normative legal, namely research that refers to legal norms contained in statutory regulations, literature, legal norms that exist in society and the data obtained. The type of research used is qualitative research which is carried out by examining literature materials in the field of law and legislation relating to legal policies for corporations that commit criminal acts of environmental pollution. This research aims to determine criminal liability for corporations that are proven to have committed environmental pollution and to determine the factors inhibiting criminal liability for corporations that have committed environmental pollution.

Inmate development is carried out continuously from the time the inmates enter the correctional institution. The correctional system is a process of developing inmates as creatures of God, individuals and as a society. In coaching inmates, their physical, spiritual and social conditions are developed so that they become reasonable human beings who can live normally in society. The aim of this research is to determine the efficiency of the role of law in coaching at the Class IIB Tanjung Pura Detention Center. This research is included in descriptive research with a type of empirical juridical research using qualitative analysis methods. From the research results, it is known that the implementation of prisoner development is regulated in Law Number 12 of 1995 concerning Corrections, Government Regulation Number 31 of 1999 concerning the Development and Guidance of Prisoners, Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 28 of 2006 concerning Amendments to Government Regulation Number 32 of 2006 1999 Concerning Requirements and Procedures for Implementing the Rights of Prisoners, Decree of the Minister of Justice of the Republic of Indonesia Number: M.02-Pk.04.10 of 1990 Concerning the Pattern of Development of Prisoners/Detainees. The implementation of prisoner coaching at the Class IIB Tanjung Pura Detention Center goes through 4 stages, namely the administration or orientation stage, the evaluation stage and determining the type of coaching, the assimilation stage and the integration stage. -existing invitations, planned and programmed work programs in the form of a Strategic Plan, several obstacles were overcome by building a collaborative network with various parties

Crime or criminal acts, apart from being a humanitarian problem, are also social problems, they are even stated to be the oldest social problem . When carrying out crime prevention efforts, it must be seen in the context of overall social policy, the aim of which is to provide community protection and achieve community welfare. The aim of this research is to find out and analyze the relationship between criminal policy and social policy. This research was conducted descriptively analytically. Criminal policy is one of the fields of modern criminal law ( modern criminal sciences ) which consists of several components, namely criminology, criminal law, science and at the same time art . . Criminal policy as an effort to overcome crime has the main objective of protecting and creating community welfare. Achieving a level of social welfare and social protection is a national goal in implementing social policy .

 This research was conducted with the aim of finding out how civil disputes are resolved in the District Court, either through Simple Lawsuits in Court or through Mediation in Court. By using normative juridical research methods, it is concluded: (1) The stages of simple lawsuit settlement in the District Court include registration, examination of the completeness of a simple lawsuit, determination of judges and appointment of substitute clerks, preliminary examination, determination of hearing days and summoning of parties, trial and peace hearings, evidence and decisions To resolve disputes in a simple and practical manner and avoid complicated settlements and in-depth examinations, Law Number 8 Year 1999 requires that amicable settlement, which is a legal remedy first attempted by the parties to the dispute, before the parties choose voluntarily to resolve disputes through the Judicial Body or other forum. (1) The Mediation Procedure in Article 13 on Submission of Case Resume and Duration of Mediation Procedure, states: (1) Within a maximum of 5 (five) working days after the parties have appointed an agreed mediator, each party may submit the case resume to each other and to the mediator. (2) Within a maximum of 5 (five) working days after the parties fail to select a mediator, each party may submit the case resume to the appointed mediator judge. (3) The mediation procedure shall last for a maximum of 40 (forty) working days from the time the mediator is selected by the parties or appointed by the chairman of the panel of judges as referred to in article 11 paragraphs (5) and ( 6). (4) Based on the agreement of the parties, the mediation period may be extended by a maximum of 14 (fourteen) working days from the expiry of the 40 (forty) day period as referred to in paragraph 3: (5) The period of the mediation procedure shall not include the period of case examination. (6) If necessary and based on the agreement of the parties, mediation may be conducted remotely using communication devices. Settlement of civil disputes in principle has two aspects, namely settlement through litigation and non-litigation, in the District Court itself where litigation settlement can be pursued also prioritizing the principles of fast, cheap, and simple.

Talking about victims of crime in general, of course, victims are individuals. In a criminal act, the victim is the party who is harmed by the perpetrator of the crime, both materially and immaterially. This greatly affects the psychological condition of the victim, not to mention the complicated judicial process that makes the victim a very disadvantaged party to the laws and regulations under it.  The position of victims in the practice of criminal procedure law is relatively less considered because the provisions of Indonesian law still rely on protection for the perpetrator (offender oriented). Normative legal research is in the form of library research and written documents as data sourced from secondary data including primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The nature of this research is descriptive analysis.  The data obtained in this research will be analyzed qualitatively in accordance with the specifications of the nature of the research to examine between theory and practice in legal protection of victims of criminal acts. To solve the existing problems and then draw a conclusion by utilizing the data collected through interviews and document studies, the results of this study were first analyzed using qualitative analysis. The Criminal Code (KUHP) has implicitly provided protection for victims of crime with all efforts to fulfill rights and provide assistance to provide security to victims who must be implemented by the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK) or other institutions in accordance with the provisions. As it is known that the KUHAP is not too optimal because there are more victims like the position of the perpetrator which results in a legal vacuum, and in the context of protecting victims of crime, there are preventive and repressive efforts made, both by the community and the government (through law enforcement officials). Another thing that is noted that in the Law on Witness and Victim Protection is the absence of coercive efforts regarding compensation from the perpetrator to the victim, namely not regulating the payment of compensation from the perpetrator to the witness or victim, even though the victim as a witness who is harmed by someone's unlawful actions, but is not protected.

The relocation of Jakarta's capital to the National Capital Region (IKN) has sparked a heated debate in public policy circles. This article delves into the reasons why the House of Representatives (DPR) rejected the proposal, highlighting several key factors. The financial aspect was a major concern, given the high cost of building new infrastructure in IKN Nusantara, particularly in light of limited state funds and other development priorities. The social impact was also an important consideration, as population displacement, changes in lifestyle, and economic uncertainty were among the many potential consequences of moving the capital. Additionally, environmental issues such as ecosystem damage and increased pollution were also significant points of concern. Political stability was another crucial factor in the DPR's decision, as the potential disruption to stability caused by the move would need to be carefully assessed. The DPR has emphasized the importance of broad public consultation to ensure that any proposed relocation is supported by the community. An article highlights South Africa's successful capital relocation as an example of effective planning, strong public participation, and the resolution of infrastructure issues. These remarks can be applied to the Indonesian context to achieve a successful relocation.

Trafficking is currently a serious and urgent global problem. Indonesia itself is also a barn of human trafficking victims, especially related to the labor migration of Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) sent abroad. Many migrant workers are victims of exploitation and human rights violations due to human trafficking. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the protection of PMI rights through national and international legal frameworks. This research aims to analyze the legal framework for the protection of migrant workers as victims of human trafficking abroad. The method used is normative legal research by examining relevant national and international laws and regulations. The results show that Indonesia has a strong commitment through the ratification of various international legal instruments to protect migrant workers. However, law enforcement still faces various obstacles and there is a need for stronger cross-border cooperation. Therefore, a more comprehensive policy is needed to improve the protection of migrant workers.

Children are part of the young generation who are the successors of the ideals of the nation's struggle and human resources for national development. Currently, violations of the law or criminal acts are not only committed by adults, but criminal acts committed by children are increasingly common. Every child who violates legal rules or commits a criminal act will be subject to sanctions in the form of criminal sanctions. Every child who is 14 (fourteen years old) but not yet 18 (eighteen years old) who is undergoing guidance at a Special Children's Development Institution is called a Foster Child. Every child who has undergone guidance in the LPKA has the right to obtain their rights, especially to obtain conditional release. According to Minister of Law and Human Rights Regulation Number 16 of 2023, conditional release can be granted to children who are serving a prison sentence at LPKA but who have met the requirements. The granting of Parole stages is carried out by the Correctional Center through Community Counselors. Community Counselors play an important role in implementing recommendations for the Parole program, including starting from the initial stages of proposing Parole, making Community Research (Litmas), carrying out guidance to ending guidance at the Correctional Center.    

Through Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation and its derivative PP Number 35 Thuan 2021 concerning PKWT, Outsourcing, Working Time and Rest Time and Termination of Employment Relations is the crystallization of various laws regarding Employment. which, philosophically, does not provide guarantees and protection for workers' rights. Methodologically, this research is an empirical juridical research using a combined approach method which is carried out by analyzing the research explanation in an inductive way leading to a deductive method so as to help the author explain the relationship between research variables and research objects. The results of this research found that there are many deficiencies in Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Employment, such as the absence of legal protection or workers who are in non-standard work relationships, gender discrimination, wages, lack of social security, leave rights and other rights, partial revision What the Job Creation Law does to the Employment Law Number 13 of 2003 actually creates new problems that have a negative impact on worker protection, the rules governing employment now, so that if you look closely at the revised and deleted articles, it appears that The spirit of the law does not at all touch on efforts to increase worker competency, even though in reality, in Pancasila industrial relations, worker protection is a form of government responsibility. So it is hoped that a legal political policy between the DPR and the government will make changes to Article 66 paragraph (2) of Law Number 3 of 2023 concerning the Determination of Perpu Number 2 of 2022 into the Job Creation Law and PP Number 35 of 2021 concerning Specific Time Work Agreements , Outsourcing, Working Time and Rest Time, and Termination of Employment Relations, so that it can be seen more clearly how the protection of workers/laborers, wages, welfare, and protection of the special rights of outsourced workers, especially outsourced workers, must ensure greater legal protection so that the working atmosphere can become better and more conducive and neither party feels disadvantaged