State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) are companies owned by the state, where their capital comes from state assets that are separated for the purpose of generating state revenues. Unlike private companies, BUMN are not solely focused on profit-seeking but also have an essential role in fulfilling government duties, such as implementing policies for distributing subsidized goods to the public. This dual role means that BUMN are not only subject to the provisions of corporate law, as regulated in Law No. 40/2007 on Limited Liability Companies, but also bound by general administrative law. As a result, the concept of BUMN has evolved beyond merely a profit-driven state enterprise. It has become a public law entity responsible for formulating and implementing policies in the area of public services, which benefit the society at large.This legal research uses a combination of a statutory approach, conceptual approach, and case approach to explore the legal status of BUMN. The findings indicate that BUMN, in carrying out their activities, serve as public law entities, with nearly all of their business operations involving aspects of public services. Thus, BUMN should be understood as state administrative agencies or officials. Additionally, any financial losses incurred by BUMN are regarded as state financial losses under the relevant laws and regulations, emphasizing the interconnection between the state and BUMN in their implementation of public duties and services.

Currently, public trust in the Indonesian National Army (TNI) is decreasing, especially due to issues of accountability, integrity, and meritocracy. In this uncertain situation, the socialization of the TNI Law is a strategic step to improve the image of the TNI in the eyes of the public. Changes to the TNI Law are expected to bring great benefits, especially in increasing transparency, accountability, and the implementation of a meritocratic system in the TNI structure. However, the public wants to ensure that these changes are truly far from the practice of injustice and personal interests within the TNI. This study aims to see how effective the socialization of the TNI Law is in overcoming the crisis of public trust. In addition, this study also produces various views on the implementation of the TNI Law and assesses how the socialization of the Law can affect public perceptions of professionalism and trust in the TNI. The results of a simple linear regression test show that the socialization of the TNI Law has a significant effect on the level of public trust, with a sig value (0.001). The R Square value of 0.301 indicates that the socialization of the TNI Bill is able to explain 30.1% of the variability in public trust, while the rest is influenced by other factors outside the model. Thus, socialization that is carried out openly, participatively, and accountably is an important step in bridging the current crisis of trust. The findings of this study provide critical insights and are expected to be implemented effectively to improve public trust in the TNI institution in the future.
 
 

The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has led to the emergence of new crimes, including the misuse of deepfake technology to produce and distribute pornographic content without the victim's consent. This form of digital sexual harassment has serious impacts on victims' dignity, mental health, and social life. This study aims to examine the efforts of Police in addressing sexual harassment crimes using deepfake porn and to identify the obstacles faced. Using normative and empirical legal approaches, data were collected through literature review and interviews. The findings reveal that the police efforts involve both penal (law enforcement) and non-penal (preventive) approaches, including public education, cross-institutional collaboration, and cyber patrols. However, the handling of such crimes is still hindered by regulatory gaps, limited technology, and low public awareness. Strengthening legal frameworks and police capacity is essential to effectively combat digital-based sexual crimes.

The rapid development of digital technology has encouraged the emergence of crypto assets as a new investment instrument in Indonesia. Along with the increasing popularity of digital assets, the government responded by imposing tax policies in the form of Value Added Tax (VAT) and Income Tax (PPh) on every crypto transaction. This study aims to analyze the suitability of the tax imposition with the basic principles of tax law, as well as to examine its impact on the growth of the digital asset industry in Indonesia. The method used in this research is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach sourced from regulations, scientific journals, official reports, and international comparative studies. The results of the study show that the imposition of VAT on crypto transactions is not fully in line with the principles of fairness, legal certainty, and efficiency in taxation. In addition, the disproportionately high tax burden has a negative impact on investor interest, encourages offshore transactions, and slows down innovation in the domestic blockchain industry. Therefore, policy reformulation is needed, such as the application of capital gains tax and the provision of fiscal incentives, so that tax regulations can support the sustainable growth of the national digital economy.

This study aims to analyze the importance of professional laws and codes of ethics for members of the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia (Polri). The National Police professional code of ethics is a code of conduct that must be followed by every member of the National Police in carrying out their duties and responsibilities. This study examines the legal aspects that govern the code of ethics, as well as evaluating the challenges and its implementation in police practice. Data was collected through literature studies, analysis of laws and regulations, and in-depth interviews with members of the National Police. The results of the study show that effective enforcement of the code of ethics can strengthen integrity, professionalism, and public trust in the National Police. However, several challenges are still faced in the implementation of the code of ethics, such as the lack of socialization and strict supervision. This research provides recommendations to increase awareness and compliance of members of the National Police with the code of ethics, as well as strengthen its enforcement mechanism to strengthen.

This study describes the efforts made on the maritime boundary issues that occurred between Peru and Chile. Each began in 1947, where the State claimed jurisdiction and exclusive rights to waters 200 miles from each other's coast. The official dispute that occurred between the two began in 2007 when Peru certified the description of the sea that overlapped between the two parties. This type of research is qualitative. The research method used is descriptive analysis technique. Most of the data was collected through library studies and website searches. The data obtained were then analyzed using a theoretical approach related to International Relations, namely international organizations. The results of the study show that from both countries there were no results that described peace over the dispute that occurred because both countries had different interpretations of the borders they had. The last effort was taken firmly by Peru where the dispute would be submitted to the International Court of Justice in order to obtain peace and a decision on the sea areas of Peru and Chile in accordance with International Law through the International Court of Justice (ICJ).

In the community of Langkuru Village, Pureman District, Alor Regency, there are often illegitimate children who cause problems because they become a topic of discussion in the community. The process of resolving illegitimate children can be carried out with national law or through customary law as is done by the community of Langkuru Village, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). The settlement of illegitimate children according to customary law in Langkuru Village, Pureman District, Alor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, is usually resolved in the Customary Warehouse (langwah) because the Customary Warehouse (langwah) is a place of peace for customary problems and never has to get a court decision because basically the residents of Langkuru Village can resolve it by mutual agreement, either a joint agreement with the family or a joint agreement according to custom. The position of illegitimate children in the distribution of inheritance in Langkuru Village remains the same as the distribution of inheritance against legitimate because it adheres to the matrilineal customary system. This type of research uses an empirical legal research type with a sociological legal approach and primary data sources and secondary data are then analyzed descriptively qualitatively.

The presence of the State Administrative Courts Judiciary as an administrative law enforcement institution for justice seekers, often encounter obstacles to the implementation/execution of judgments. The decision in question is in the context of the fictitious lawsuit is negative where the nature of the decision is already in Kracht. Against the verdict that already in kracht, State Administrative Courts officials as the losing party often do not want to comply with the content decision from the judges of the State Administrative Court. This can be caused by several factors such as The implementation of the execution arrangement is not clear, then the presence of administrative efforts that are felt is still not effective in creating a deterrent effect, as well as a lack of awareness from State Administrative Courts officials who losing and not wanting to comply with the order of the State Administrative Courts decision is the main obstacle. Problem is the lack of awareness of the obedient attitude can be due to the nature of the State Administrative Courts decision, which is basically upholding self-respect from the losing party. The act of not complying with the content State Administrative Courts decision can be included in the elements of the Contempt of Court act that is regulated in Law Number 14 of 1985 jo Law Number 5 of 2004 concerning Supreme Court. This can certainly have implications for the possibility of criminalization of officials State Administrative Courts for the consequences of the non-compliance.

This study examines bilateral cooperation between Indonesia and Japan which is realized through The Japan Foundation program, with an emphasis on cultural diplomacy as a soft power approach. Using descriptive methods and qualitative analysis of secondary data, this study reviews the contribution of The Japan Foundation in strengthening the relationship between the two countries in the cultural, educational, and economic sectors. The findings suggest that activities such as Japanese language learning, cultural festivals, and art exchanges play an important role in building cross-cultural understanding. Activities such as Ennichisai in Jakarta, cultural collaboration between Yogyakarta and Kyoto, and community empowerment initiatives in Bandung are proof of the success of this approach. Despite the disparity in cultural influence, Japanese cultural diplomacy has proven to be able to create a harmonious and mutually beneficial relationship for both parties.

Fintech or financial technology is an alternative path in the financial sector based on information technology. Fintech as an innovation from electronic financing institutions provides many benefits, but on the other hand there are also weaknesses that are still a problem in society, namely data leakage in the fintech system which is implemented electronically. One of the companies that experienced a data leak is PT Fintech Cermati. In Indonesian regulations, preventive and repressive efforts against data leaks have been regulated in OJK Regulation (POJK) Number 77 of 2016 concerning Information Technology-Based Money Lending Services and Law No. 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection which regulates the Company's obligations in maintaining the confidentiality of its consumer data. This study aims to determine the extent of compliance and responsibility of PT Fintech Cermati for the protection of its consumers' personal data. The research method used in this study is descriptive analytical, namely against data that has been collected as completely as possible through secondary data from relevant literature sources to be discussed and explained systematically with primary data in the form of literature studies with an analytical concept approach method. The results of this study indicate that the company's obligation to comply with the provisions of Article 16 of the PDP Law in conjunction with Article 26 and Article 28 of POJK 77/2016 concerning maintaining the confidentiality of personal and company data can be held accountable in civil and criminal matters.

The Post-Truth phenomenon has posed significant challenges to global democracy, particularly through the spread of disinformation that undermines public trust in political institutions and democratic processes. In this era, emotions and personal beliefs are prioritized over objective facts, exacerbating political polarization and creating an environment where hoaxes and disinformation can influence political decisions and citizen participation. Furthermore, the Post-Truth era impacts global mobility, as disinformation on issues such as migration, international policies, and ethnic identity heightens tensions between nations and threatens the integrity of international policies. This research aims to explore how disinformation in the Post-Truth era poses a threat to the stability of democracy and global mobility. Using a literature review method from various academic sources, this article analyzes the impact of disinformation on political processes, security, and international relations in the digital era. The findings indicate that disinformation significantly damages democracy and hinders global mobility, highlighting the need for collective measures to combat this threat.
 

The purpose of this research is to investigate various strategies and elements that contribute to the increase in votes for the National Awakening Party (PKB) in the 2024 elections, with a particular emphasis on the Central Java region. This research uses a descriptive qualitative methodology, which collects data through field observations, document analysis, and in-depth interviews. The research results show that several important factors influence the increase in support for PKB in Central Java. First, the successful internal consolidation of the party strengthened the party structure and increased cadre mobilization at the grassroots level. Second, a creative and adaptive communication approach, such as direct campaigns and the use of social media, was able to reach young voters and marginalized groups. Third, the ability of PKB to build strategic coalitions with other parties increased its support base and enhanced its competitiveness in the political arena. Additionally, the improvement of social welfare and local economic empowerment are change initiatives promoted by PKB that align with the needs of the local community. This study found that the combination of these elements will significantly increase PKB's votes in Central Java and provide a new perspective on local political changes leading up to the 2024 elections.
 

This study aims to analyze community participation in village development in T’eba Village and T’eba Timur Village, Biboki Tanpah Subdistrict, Timor Tengah Utara Regency, and to identify the factors that hinder it. Village development is one of the key elements in improving community welfare. However, low community participation poses a challenge that hampers the achievement of inclusive and sustainable development goals. T’eba Village exhibits a higher level of community participation compared to T’eba Timur Village, yet both face challenges that affect the success of their development. The research methodology employed is empirical juridical with socio-legal and conceptual approaches. Primary data were obtained through interviews, observations, and questionnaires, while secondary data were sourced from official documents and related literature. Data analysis was conducted using qualitative descriptive techniques to interpret the research findings. The results show that community participation in T’eba Village reached 82.61%, whereas in T’eba Timur Village, it was only 30.44%. This disparity is attributed to higher community awareness in T’eba Village and better support from the village government in engaging the community. Factors hindering community participation include educational disparities, a lack of awareness about the importance of village development, economic conditions prioritizing subsistence needs, and community perceptions of the effectiveness of the village government. For example, residents of T’eba Timur Village are less involved because they feel that development programs do not directly benefit their livelihoods, particularly in agriculture, which is their primary occupation. This study recommends enhancing community involvement through education, economic empowerment, and strengthening the capacity of village governments to create inclusive and transparent participatory mechanisms. Moreover, it emphasizes the need for coordination between the community and village governments to formulate development policies that are more responsive to local needs. With this approach, village development can become more relevant, sustainable, and impactful for the community.

This research aims to analyze public administration ethics in the implementation of work at the West Sumatra Province Social Service. Public administration ethics is an important aspect that influences the quality of public services and public trust in the government. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation studies. The research results show that there are several challenges in implementing public administration ethics, such as a lack of employee understanding of the code of ethics, low transparency in decision making, and the practice of nepotism. However, there are also efforts made by the Social Service to improve work ethics, such as ethics training for employees and implementing a monitoring system. This research recommends the need to increase ethical awareness among employees and strengthen monitoring mechanisms to create a more ethical and transparent work environment.

Pancasila, as the basis of the Indonesian state, is a philosophical system that underlies national and state life with the principles of divinity, humanity, unity, democracy and social justice. The background to this research focuses on the urgency of Pancasila in globalization and also rapid social change, where new challenges require adaptation so that Pancasila remains relevant and effective. The aim of the research is to analyze the hierarchical and pyramidal structure of Pancasila, the formulation of the relationship between the precepts which complement and qualify each other, as well as the dynamics and challenges faced by Pancasila as a philosophical system. The research method uses library research to collect and analyze data from various relevant sources. The research results show that Pancasila, with its hierarchical structure that positions the precepts in a mutually supportive order, functions as a strong moral and ideological guide. The relationship between the Pancasila principles complement each other and also clarify each other's principles, forming a coherent and comprehensive system. However, challenges such as globalization, social inequality and political dynamics require adjustment and adaptation to maintain the relevance of Pancasila. This research emphasizes the importance of further study and development to ensure that Pancasila remains the basis of a strong and effective state in the modern era.

This research discusses the concept of dual citizenship in the perspective of Indonesian positive law and Islamic law. Dual citizenship refers to the legal status in which a person is recognized as a citizen by more than one country, a phenomenon that is increasingly relevant in the era of globalization. In Indonesian positive law, dual citizenship is generally not recognized, except in special cases such as children from mixed marriages. However, increasing global mobility and individual rights have prompted discussion on the need for wider recognition of dual citizenship. Meanwhile, Islamic law provides a more flexible approach by considering the maqasid al-shariah principle which emphasizes the protection of basic human rights. Through a normative juridical and sociological approach, this research explores how the two legal systems deal with dual citizenship and what the implications are for individuals as well as the state. A comparative study of dual citizenship Dual Citizenship, Positive Law, Islamic Law, Maqasid al-Shariah, Citizenship Regulation practices in several other countries, such as the United States, Canada, Egypt and Pakistan, was also conducted to gain greater insight and understand the best practices that can be adapted in Indonesia. The results show that despite resistance to dual citizenship, its implementation can provide significant benefits, both in terms of protecting individual rights and strengthening international relations. Therefore, it is recommended that Indonesia consider a more comprehensive and inclusive policy regarding dual citizenship, which is in line with positive legal values and Islamic legal principles. This research can hopefully serve as a reference for policy makers and academics in developing regulations that are adaptive to global dynamics.

The aim of this research is to determine community participation in the implementation of development planning deliberations (Musrembangdes) and determine the inhibiting factors that influence the lack of community participation in Tapobali Village, East Adonara District in 2022. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with research locations in Tapobali Village, Adonara District East, East Flores Regency. The theory used in this research is the Community Participation Theory from Isbandi (2007:27) and in this theory there are four forms of participation according to Vaneklasen and Miller, in which there are indicators of Symbolic Participation, Passive Participation, Consultative Participation and Functional Participation. Researchers used data collection methods in this research obtained through observation, interviews and documentation. Researchers found that the level of community participation in Musrembangdes in Tapobali Village was still low. 55 people attended the Musrembangdes, but the residents who attended also tended to contribute minimally to ideas regarding village development planning. It is hoped that the village government will further increase community participation in village development programs so that it can bring optimal benefits to all village residents.

The implementation of Parole is part of the guidance efforts based on the request of the convict, by considering the provisions of "Law Number 22 of 2022 concerning Corrections, and Government Regulation Number 31 of 1999 concerning Guidance and Guidance of Correctional Inmates, as well as several other implementing regulations. Parole is one of the objectives of the prisoner guidance system which is implemented based on the Correctional system. The goal is to prepare prisoners to be able to integrate with society in a healthy way and return to their role as free and responsible members of society. This process is subject to regulations such as the Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia Number 03 of 2018 concerning the Requirements and Procedures for Granting Remission, Assimilation, Visiting Family Leave, Parole, Leave Before Release, and Conditional Leave. This study aims to analyze the implementation of granting parole to recidivist prisoners in the Class IIA Correctional Institution (Lapas) of Gorontalo City. This study uses a normative-empirical research type in the non-judicial case study category, namely a case study conducted without any conflict, so it does not involve the court. The results of the study indicate that the process of granting parole for recidivist prisoners in Class IIA Penitentiary in Gorontalo City is still faced with various obstacles, including the lack of effective guidance, weak supervision, and inconsistent policies. In addition, there is a negative perception from the community towards granting parole to recidivists, which has an impact on their social reintegration. Based on these findings, it is necessary to review policies and improve guidance and supervision programs for recidivist prisoners to reduce the rate of recidivism and increase the effectiveness of parole as a tool for social reintegration.

This study examines the implementation of Law Number 8 of 2015 within the context of the General Election Commission's (KPU) strategy to increase young voter participation in simultaneous regional elections (Pilkada).  Employing a normative juridical research method with a statutory approach, this analysis investigates the legal basis and KPU's strategies in efforts to enhance young voter engagement.  The research findings indicate that Law No. 8/2015 and PKPU No. 8/2017 provide a comprehensive legal basis for the KPU to implement strategies for increasing young voter participation through various programs such as school-based socialization, social media campaigns, and collaborations with youth organizations and educational institutions. Factors influencing the effectiveness of these strategies include internal aspects such as human resources, knowledge management, and financial support, as well as external factors such as public political awareness, effective communication, and public response. This research concludes that while the legal framework is adequate, more detailed regulations regarding young voters are still needed, and the strategies implemented by the KPU are in line with existing laws.

Ethics and integrity play a crucial role in creating an academic environment free from corrupt practices. As a center of learning, the campus should serve as a model for its students in upholding high moral and ethical standards. This article aims to highlight the importance of ethics and integrity as fundamental pillars in efforts to prevent corruption within the academic setting, such as on campus. Through a qualitative approach, data were collected from interviews with two campus workers—a canteen staff member and a parking attendant—who frequently interact indirectly with students and staff. These interviews explore their perspectives on the importance of being honest, responsible, and disciplined in their daily work. The findings show that even though they are not involved in academic activities, both workers contribute significantly to fostering an anti-corruption culture on campus. The canteen staff emphasized the importance of transparency in setting food prices to maintain students' trust, while the parking attendant stressed the need for discipline and order in managing the parking system to prevent irregularities. This article also examines how simple ethical behaviors, such as honesty in transactions and adherence to rules, can have a substantial impact on creating an integrity-driven campus environment. Therefore, the implementation of ethics and integrity is not solely the responsibility of academics but also of every element of the campus community without exception. In conclusion, strengthening the culture of ethics and integrity across all aspects of campus life is an essential part of a sustainable strategy to prevent corruption.

study aims to find out and analyze the factors that cause legal aid institutions to not be verified as legal aid institutions to the poor and the obstacles faced by legal aid institutions in providing non-litigation legal aid in the form of legal counseling to the poor obtained through interviews and observations and empirical juridical, namely those obtained through interviews and literature research. The results of the study show: (1) the factors that cause legal aid institutions to not be verified as legal aid institutions to the poor include: legal factors, law enforcement officials, infrastructure factors, community factors and cultural factors (2) obstacles faced by legal aid institutions in providing non-litigation legal assistance in the form of legal counseling to the poor, which include: internal factors and external factors.

This study aims to determine the criminal law policy in the return of state financial losses in the form of replacement payments by corruption convicts and to determine the efforts made by police investigators in overcoming obstacles to the return of state financial losses in the form of replacement payments by corruption convicts. The method used in this study is a qualitative method, with a normative legal approach as the main approach and empirical legal as a supporting approach. The data sources in this study were obtained from secondary data as the main data and primary data as supporting data. Furthermore, the data were then processed using qualitative methods. The results of the study obtained information that the criminal payment of replacement money has been regulated in Law No. 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Corruption as amended by Law No. 20 of 2001. The amount of replacement money payment is the same as the assets obtained from the crime of corruption. If the replacement money is not paid, the convict is sentenced to imprisonment for a period not exceeding the maximum threat of the principal sentence. Therefore, the return of state financial losses cannot be optimal. The amount of compensation for state financial losses needs to be increased, by confiscating and seizing the perpetrator's assets/wealth. The Asset Confiscation Law needs to be formed as a legal basis for confiscating assets from corruption.

This paper intends to investigate the factors taken into account by the judge in determining the absence in the case of PT Bentoel Internasional Investama at the South Jakarta District Court, analyze the procedures for managing assets whose owners are absent based on the applicable regulations in Indonesia, and investigate the compliance of the procedures for managing shares as afwezidheid assets in the case of PT Bentoel Internasional Investama conducted by the Jakarta Balai Harta Peninggalan (BHP) with the regulations in Indonesia. This study is an empirical legal one using a qualitative methodology. Primary and secondary data are the forms of the information applied. Data collecting methods used are literature reviews and interviews. The interviews were carried out applying flexible topic development based on interview rules. This work employs approaches of descriptive analysis. According to the findings of this investigation, the judge decided on the absence petition of PT Bentoel Internasional Investama based on pertinent legal reasons, legal precedents, and facts provided by the petitioner in view of Under the Indonesian Civil Code, Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia No. 27 of 2013, and Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights No. M.02-HT.05.10 of 2005 the process for managing shares as assets whose owners are absent (boedel afwezigheid) by the Jakarta BHP is governed. Regarding PT Bentoel Internasional Investama, the management of afwezigheid shares was done in line with Indonesian laws by means of an application to the South Jakarta District Court, which designated the Jakarta BHP as the legal administrator. This process complies with Articles 463–465 of the Civil Code and Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) Number AHU.UM.01.01-235, including public notification of share status in mass media, management, recording, safekeeping of collective share certificates, and BHP reports share management to the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK) and the Attorney General's Office and handles official and material tests. Since no objections were found, the Jakarta BHP filed none.

Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the transformation of the health sector in Indonesia has taken place with the beginning of the era of digitization of health services, one of which is the digitization of the implementation of electronic medical records through the Regulation of the Indonesian Minister of Health (PMK) No. 24 of 2022 on Medical Records. Through this regulation, the Government provides freedom for health care facilities to choose the system to be used, which can be a system developed independently, a system developed by the Ministry of Health, or can also collaborate with vendors providing information systems or partner systems for short. However, there is no detailed description of the liability for leakage of electronic medical record data whose system comes from a partner system, so that clear boundaries are needed regarding this matter. This research aims to explore the legal standing of electronic medical record system providers or system partners and the legal liability provided in the event of an electronic medical record data leak. The result of this research is the position of the partner system as a form of PSE in accordance with the provisions of Government Regulation Number 71 of 2019 on the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions and the legal liability of the partner system for leakage of electronic medical record data is as a Controller of Personal Data based on Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection.

Factors causing children to become perpetrators of criminal acts include the attitude of parents who often commit violence against children. Another cause is the increasing number of perpetrators of crimes committed by children in the family, school and community environment. These value systems conflict with each other with the mindset of children who are growing up. Poverty in the social environment is also a cause of children committing crimes. One example is children and adolescents in the Johar Baru area, Central Jakarta who are often suspects in inter-village brawls. Legal Accountability for Children Who Are Drug Dealers Based on Law Number 11 of 2012 in imposing prison sentences on children as perpetrators of narcotics crimes based on various considerations consisting of aggravating and mitigating considerations shows that judges are only oriented towards prohibited acts which means only oriented towards aggravating considerations.

Human rights in the Indonesian political context show a discrepancy between the principles set out in the constitution and their implementation on the ground. While the Indonesian constitution guarantees fundamental rights, various institutional, political and cultural barriers often prevent their effective implementation. This research investigates the dynamics of human rights in the Indonesian political system, highlighting the gap between constitutional norms and their application in practice. Through the analysis of various legal documents and human rights case studies, this article identifies key challenges in the enforcement of human rights in Indonesia. The main results show that while Indonesia's constitution clearly guarantees a range of human rights, there are institutional, political and cultural barriers that hinder the implementation of these rights. The article provides policy recommendations to strengthen human rights protection, including legal reform and capacity building of law enforcement agencies. It discusses the protection of human rights in the Indonesian constitution, its implementation in political practice, as well as cases of violations that have occurred. The Indonesian Constitution guarantees human rights through various provisions listed in the 1945 Constitution, including civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. However, the implementation of human rights in political practice often faces challenges, including corruption, abuse of power, and discriminatory policies. Various cases of human rights violations, such as arbitrary arrests, violence against minorities, and labor rights violations, show the gap between law and practice. Various parties, including the government, non-governmental organizations, civil society, and the international community, play an important role in protecting and promoting human rights in Indonesia. Effective cooperation between these various parties is needed to ensure respect and protection of human rights in all aspects of national life.

This research aims to analyze efforts to overcome the law of abortion killings committed by children on unborn babies. The type of research used is yuridis normative doctrinal. Data sources were obtained from journal and library sources. The results of the analysis show that the crime of abortion murder was committed by a child. In this case, the judge sentenced the child perpetrator to imprisonment for 6 (six) months and 3 (three) months of work training. And whether the judge's decision is in accordance with the objectives of the sentence, what is certain is that in this case there are 3 theories that contain the judge's decision that fulfills the objectives of the sentence, namely the Absolute Theory, the Relative Theory and the Combined Theory.

State science is a discipline that studies the state in various aspects, including its origins, functions, goals, and relationships with society and other institutions. This article explores the country's science development from a global perspective, highlighting the challenges and opportunities it faces in the modern era. This research examines the evolution of state theories, interactions between states and non-state actors, and the impact of globalization on the function and role of the state. In addition, this article also analyzes how technological changes and geopolitical dynamics influence the study and practice of state science. Through a multidisciplinary approach, this article aims to provide in-depth insight into the transformation of state science and its implications for public policy and governance in the 21st century.

This research was conducted because of the background of the use of the Legal Aid Post of the Sukabumi Religious Court which was deemed not fully effective so that the author was interested in examining the services provided by the Legal Aid Post of the Sukabumi Religious Court to the Disadvantaged Community. This research was also conducted to determine the implementation of the service provision of the Legal Aid Post of the Sukabumi Religious Court. The author uses an empirical juridical method that is guided by the Law and examines directly in the field by conducting interviews. The existence of posbakum among the public is still unfamiliar and there are still many people who do not know about posbakum and use the services of advocates who require the public to pay. This results in a lack of information for the wider community about the role of the Legal Aid Post which functions as legal aid for the poor.

The implementation of equal rights for persons with disabilities in Indonesia still needs to be improved. This is a challenge for us as Indonesian citizens to realize equal rights, especially for persons with disabilities. This article was prepared to explore the public's knowledge of persons with disabilities, including the rights that they must obtain. This article was also compiled with the hope of increasing public awareness of the importance of equal rights for persons with disabilities. The researcher used a qualitative method with a survey approach to the wider community, which targeted students at SMAN 25 Bandung. Researchers conducted socialization activities and discussions to find out how the wider community's knowledge about people with disabilities, and the urgency of accessibility for them because this is also one of the processes to implement these laws. It was found that the community already knows what people with disabilities are but there is still a stigma that arises against them. In the environment, there are still many people who feel reluctant or even afraid when facing people with disabilities, so the process of implementing equal rights for them is hampered. Therefore, it is important to give people an understanding of how crucial equal rights are for people with disabilities. They do not need to be fixed or cured, they just need to be accepted for who they are and not treated differently from the rest of society.

The election supervision function is the authority of Bawaslu, thus Bawaslu needs participatory supervision. The participatory supervision carried out by Bawaslu is by involving community groups such as NGOs, and other organizations. Therefore, Bawaslu Bintan formed Saka Adhyasta Pemilu to assist in overseeing the implementation of elections and following up on violations that occur. This study aims to evaluate the quality of participatory supervision carried out by Saka Adhyasta Pemilu in the 2024 elections in Bintan Regency. The research method used is qualitative with data collection through interviews, field notes, and official documents. There are 4 indicators of participatory supervision according to Pasaribu (2011), namely monitoring, inspection, guidance and direction, and correction. The results showed that the indicators of monitoring, inspection, and correction were still not effective, as seen from the lack of violation reports submitted to Bawaslu by Saka Adhyasta Pemilu. However, in the guidance and direction indicator, it has proven effective because Bawaslu has provided education on monitoring and preventing disputed violations in the 2024 elections in Bintan Regency. The factors that make participatory supervision carried out by Saka Adhyasta Pemilu not run well are because of their young age, lack of critical attitude, lack of experience and minimal knowledge of elections.

The Recapitulation Information System, known as SIREKAP, launched by the General Election Commission of the Republic of Indonesia, is an election tool based on the latest technology to receive and manage manual vote counting of general election results which are converted into digital data. The Recapitulation Information System (SIREKAP) is the starting point in the process of transitioning election administration from manual to digital, which will ensure that elections in Indonesia can be held effectively and efficiently in the future, so that elections and democracy will look better. Through SIREKAP, this long process can be shortened, costs can be reduced, disputes can be extended and resolved more quickly, and elections can be conducted in a more environmentally friendly manner. However, this has many challenges and risks that must be taken seriously. SIREKAP is also vulnerable to election data security problems due to system hacking or data manipulation which could endanger the integrity of election results, especially in the 2024 General Election for Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates.

This research aims to analyze the dynamics of the position of the chancellor of a private university as a state administrative official in State Administrative Court (PTUN) disputes. The position of chancellor at private universities has a strategic position in higher education management and academic administration, which often intersects with state regulations. The research results show that private university presidents are often involved in PTUN disputes related to academic and administrative decisions. This research concludes that the position of the chancellor of a private university as a state administration official in PTUN disputes is very dependent on the context and content of the decisions taken. Therefore, clearer regulations and stricter legal guidelines are needed to avoid ambiguity in the legal status of private university chancellors. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the role and responsibilities of the chancellor in private higher education administration and provides recommendations for improving legal policy in the field of higher education.
 

This research aims to find out the role of Bawaslu in creating honest and fair elections in Gorontalo Province and how Bawaslu handles violations of ASN neutrality. In this research, the type of research used is normative-empirical research. This type of research is used because of the compatibility between theory and research methods that researchers need in preparing this research proposal. Bawaslu's role in creating honest and fair elections in Gorontalo province is: carrying out outreach and supervision. Bawaslu's form of handling violations of ASN neutrality is to conduct an inspection and forward it to the State Warden Apparatus Commission (KASN). In handling violations of ASN neutrality, Bawaslu receives reports from the public and makes recommendations to KASN if violations are found. "From KASN, a recommendation will then be made to the PPK (Personnel Development Officer). If the KASN recommendation is not implemented by the PPK, then BKN can make a penalty

Stunting is one of the challenges in human development in Indonesia, referring to the condition of failure in physical growth in children under five years old due to chronic malnutrition and repeated infections, particularly during the first 1,000 days of life, from conception until the child is 23 months old. The Pre-Marriage School (SPN) program by DP3AP2KB in collaboration with the Forum Generasi Berencana (GENRE) serves as an educational platform focused on preparing for marriage and life after marriage with proper planning. The goal of the pre-marriage school is to educate participants on the importance of stunting awareness. The SPN program is part of the efforts by DP3AP2KB to prevent stunting by providing education related to the condition. This research employed qualitative methods with a descriptive qualitative approach, using interviews and documentation for data collection. The study subjects were participants of the pre-marriage school who met the research criteria. Data were analyzed using the Milles & Huberman model, ensuring data validity through method triangulation. The study found that the causes of stunting in Depok City included inadequate nutrition, poor parenting practices, and urbanization. The implementation of the pre-marriage school program in Depok City was designed by the DPRD Commission V and the Mayor of Depok. The pre-marriage school is one of the government’s efforts to accelerate the reduction of stunting in Depok City. However, the limited time for implementation posed a challenge for the SPN program

This research discusses the power of unilateral execution carried out on state-owned collateral objects. There is a lot of gossip or uncertainty related to the status of state assets, in the sense that there are many legal rules that still intersect or overlap in defining state assets themselves. This overlapping of legal regulations has resulted in various interpretations regarding the extent to which the existence and definition of state assets can be applied, one of which is related to BUMN assets, whether they are included in state assets or not state assets. BUMN is a state-owned business entity which of course operates like a business entity in general, so that it carries out various legal and non-legal actions like business entities such as PT, CV, and so on. One of the BUMNs in the form of Persero took legal action by entering into a credit agreement in the form of cash collateral credit at BCA Bank, where it was discovered that the performance of the BUMN was starting to decline and of course this had an impact on the finances of the BUMN Persero itself, so this research will aim to provide a perspective on what the Bank can do if the state-owned company experiences default based on the applicable regulations. This research is using ‘normative-juridical’ as research type where the approach to the processing of legal materials is carried out by means of a literature review. Normative-juridical approach in this research used to analyse the power of unilateral execution of state-owned (BUMN) deposits in credit agreements with a cash collateral credit scheme at Bank X.
 
 
 

Muncar District, Banyuwangi Regency is one of the districts which is an industrial area, especially in the field of processed marine products, such as petis, sardines and and others. There are also quite a lot of workers at UD in Muncar sub-district. The author is interested in conducting research at UD which is engaged in petis processing in Muncar District. The UDs referred to in this research are UD Dewi Sri Ayu, UD Kurnia Industri, and UD Tiga Bawang Putih. Petis companies in Muncar sub-district, Banyuwangi district are very vulnerable to work accidents. This is because to produce petis, high power machines are used and very sharp knives are used to cut fish and also to crush shrimp heads which are used as raw materials for making petis. K3 safety in carrying out this work is very important because considering the situation and conditions faced in the work environment, it is very prone to work accidents. Likewise, what happened at UD Kurnia Industri, the atmosphere and conditions were very uncomfortable because the production system carried out was not in accordance with standards, one of which was that there was no dampening of air pollution and heat because the tools used to cook petis were still very simple and traditional.

The purpose of this study is to find out the inheritance status of children outside of marriage and the division of inherits based on MK decision No. 46/PUU-VIII-2010. The results of the study show that because the out-of-marriage child and his biological father have a blood relationship, the Constitutional Court's ruling can be regarded as reinforcing the status of the off-marital child to acquire the right of inheritance from his biologic father. MK Decision No. 46/Law-VIII-2010 only deals with civil relations and does not regulate the inheritance. Therefore, the decision does not specify how much inheritance children can acquire outside of marriage.

Electronic Fund Transfer is a fund transfer method that is often used because it saves time and costs. However, along with the development of Information and Communication Technology, this method is becoming increasingly vulnerable to cybercrime due to its implementation using electronic systems. In 2021, Oleksandr Chuiko, Maryna Kahalnytska, and Andrei Turskiy stole electronic information from Bank BRI ATM cards and transferred the data to World Elite ATM cards. This action violated Article 81 of the Transfer of Funds Act and Article 35 of the Electronic Information and Transactions Act. The main charge in this case, Article 81 of the Transfer of Funds Act, has sparked debate due to the defendants use of computer technology regulated by the Electronic Information and Transactions Law.

The existence of the Council's Honorary Court as a supporting tool is contained in Article 119 of Law Number 17 of 2014 concerning MD3 in conjunction with Law Number 2 of 2018 concerning MD3 in conjunction with Law Number. 13 of 2019 concerning MD3. That the Council's Honorary Court was established by the DPR with the aim of maintaining and upholding the honor and dignity of the DPR as a representative institution of the people. That the implementation of the Election which is carried out directly is a manifestation of the implementation of democracy which is a manifestation of the sovereignty of the people. In the election, violations of the law were found as regulated in Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning Elections. That election crimes are a form of violation of the law related to acts of falsification of documents, money politics and there is also intimidation of voters and others. That these actions are alleged violations of election crimes because they are contrary to laws and regulations. That to ensure the existence of an election crime, it must go through a court process with a judge's decision, which must first be processed by the Gakkumdu Center, which is an element of Bawaslu, the National Police, and the Attorney General's Office of the Republic of Indonesia. That if proven to have committed an election crime as stated in the district court decision, the legislative candidate has committed an ethical violation, although this must be processed legally in accordance with the mechanism regulated in the DPR Council's Ethics Court, namely referring to the MD3 Law, Regulation of the People's Representative Council Number. 1 of 2015 concerning the Code of Ethics of the People's Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia and Regulation of the People's Representative Council Number. 2 of 2014 concerning the Procedures of the Council's Ethics Court.
 
 

According to the above article, it is in line with the regulations that the Regional Head Election is a democratic festivity, but there are several parties that are not allowed to be directly involved. One of them is the Civil Servants (ASN). ASN are state servants in the process of governance. Therefore, ASN are given limitations to remain neutral during this democratic festivity. However, they often face interference or are tainted by the involvement of ASN who should maintain their neutrality as government officials. The main issues in this research are (1) How is the regulation of the General Election Supervisory Agency on the neutrality of Civil Servants in the 2020 Regional Head Election in Ngada Regency? (2) What are the factors causing the neutrality violations of Civil Servants in the 2020 Regional Head Election in Ngada Regency? This research is empirical juridical research based on applicable laws and regulations and data obtained from the field. This research uses respondents and data collected in a descriptive qualitative manner. The aim of this research is to analyze the neutrality of Civil Servants (ASN) in the 2020 Regional Head Election (Pilkada) in Ngada Regency. The focus of the research is on how the regulation by the General Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) affects the neutrality of ASN and the factors that cause neutrality violations. This research uses an empirical juridical method based on applicable laws and regulations as well as field data. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 respondents, including the Chairperson of Bawaslu, former coordinator of the violation dispute handling division, staff of the violation handling division, and ASN. Additionally, observation and documentation were used to complement the data. The research findings indicate that ASN neutrality violations often occur due to various factors, including political interference and the utilization of bureaucracy for Pilkada interests. This research provides recommendations to enhance supervision and law enforcement by Bawaslu to ensure ASN neutrality in every regional head election process in Indonesia.

The case of dishonorable dismissal for committing a criminal act of office crime shows a significant problem in government governance. This case developed from the Plaintiff being a level III civil servant based on the governor's decree, and then being appointed Secretary of the District DPKD. Based on the regent's decision, Sijunjung was placed in the BPKD functional position. Then the plaintiff was dishonorably dismissed because he was involved in a corruption case and was also deemed to have violated Pancasila and the 1945 Republic of Indonesia Constitution. has permanent legal force. In this case, several functions of state administrative law in creating good governance are really needed, including normative functions, instrumental functions and legal guarantee functions, all three of which are part of the application to create a clean government, in accordance with the principles of the rule of law.
 
 

State Administrative Law is a legal regulation regarding administration in a country, where the relationship between citizens and their government can run well and safely. In forest management, the need for permits is based on absolute legal provisions which have aspects that must be fulfilled beforehand and regarding the boundaries of each activity in managing forests, the government agrees to supervise them based on Law no. 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry Article 31 paragraph (1) To ensure the principles of justice, equity and sustainability, forest utilization business permits are limited by considering forest sustainability aspects and business certainty aspects. The aim of the research is to determine aspects of forest management. The research method used in this research is literature study by collecting data through articles, the web, books and other sources. The results of the discussion of this research are that forest utilization business permits are limited by considering forest sustainability aspects and business certainty aspects, where these aspects are determinants in managing forests which have been considered previously. The meaning of forest sustainability aspects and business certainty is contained in Article 31 Paragraph (1). What is meant by forest sustainability aspects includes: a. environmental sustainability, b. production sustainability, and c. implementation of social and cultural functions that are fair, even and transparent.  What is meant by aspects of business certainty include: a. area certainty, b. certainty of business time, and c. certainty of business legal guarantees.

This research discusses the impact of environmental pollution from agricultural activities on the environment and society, as well as the legal responsibilities of companies in addressing such issues. Various types of environmental pollution common in the agricultural sector are included, such as water, air, soil and genetic pollution. The legal basis governing corporate responsibility for environmental pollution in the agricultural sector is also explained in detail, including provisions in Law No. 32/2009 on Environmental Protection and Management. The negative impacts of environmental pollution on the environment and society are fully described, ranging from ecosystem damage to human health impacts. To address the problem, measures to control and manage waste generated by agricultural and industrial activities are necessary, including public education and awareness. The conclusion of this study highlights the importance of implementing environmentally friendly agricultural practices and complying with applicable environmental regulations and laws to reduce the negative impacts of agricultural activities on the environment and society.

This research discusses the causes of the crime of transporting black stone in the jurisdiction of the Gorontalo Regional Police and efforts to overcome it. The method used in the research is empirical with qualitative descriptive data analysis which describes and describes data and field facts. Based on research results, Gorontalo is in 5th position in the province with the highest poverty; and The lack of public understanding and knowledge regarding mining, where the lack of public knowledge, influences the existence of illegal mining. This situation is based on a lack of education and understanding as the main factors in the community's decision to carry out illegal mining actions, including a lack of socialization and legal education to the community. The prevention of criminal acts of transporting black stone by the Gorontalo Regional Police is carried out through initial efforts made by the police, in this case the Gorontalo Regional Police, namely visiting or visiting the community and providing advice regarding mining activities. Apart from that, conduct patrols in mining areas for early handling, especially checking permits for heavy vehicles used in mining areas, including transport vehicles. Not only that, legal counseling and socialization is also carried out to the community as a first step in overcoming this criminal act; and Repressive Efforts by taking action against the perpetrators, in order to have a deterrent effect. This step is carried out through investigations, inquiries and other coercive measures authorized by law, which end with the application of criminal sanctions against the perpetrators.

The emergence of financial technology (fintech) has brought significant disruption to the conventional banking industry. Fintech offers faster, cheaper and more accessible financial services, which appeal to many customers, especially the younger generation. This study aims to analyse the impact of fintech on the future of conventional banking, with a focus on Bank Mandiri, one of the largest banks in Indonesia. The results show that fintech has a significant impact on various aspects of conventional banking, including: 1) Products and services. Fintech offers innovative and diverse financial products and services that conventional banks cannot access. 2) Distribution channels: Fintechs utilise digital technology to reach customers directly, without the need for physical branches. 3) Business model. Fintech has a more efficient and cost-effective business model compared to conventional banks. 4) Customer engagement. Fintech offers a more personalised and interactive customer experience. Bank Mandiri shows that the bank has taken various strategic steps to face competition with fintech, such as: developing digital services, collaborating with fintech startups, improving operational efficiency. Disputes between fintech consumers and fintech service providers can be resolved through: negotiation, mediation, arbitration, court and legal comparison with default. In addition, we also highlight the need for collaboration between government agencies, industry players, and the tech community to develop a comprehensive and adaptive regulatory framework.

The school environment requires each other to interact and communicate every day. The problem in research is that deaf students who have hearing impairments need knowledge to be able to coexist with society. Teachers really need the right communication approach so that students can understand what is being conveyed so that there will be a reciprocal relationship between the two. The purpose of this research is to determine teachers' communication approaches in social interactions with deaf students. This research explains how a communication approach is important in the social interactions of deaf students through interactions in classroom learning and also in the school environment. This research uses qualitative research methods using Burgoon's interaction adaptation theory which discusses nine principles in adaptation. This research uses data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and documentation techniques. The results of this research are that adaptation in the communication approach in social interaction of deaf students requires adapting interaction patterns, varying distance patterns and strategies as well as the importance of behavior in adaptation. Apart from that, in the communication approach the teacher determines communication media in the learning process in the classroom and provides direction to students to increase social interaction. Learning to develop sound and rhythm perception as well as speech development, these activities are efforts made by the school to increase social interaction for deaf students. Communication patterns in teaching at SLB B YPAC Palembang are two-way communication.

Smuggling of used clothes is a criminal act that is still a serious problem in Indonesia.This is certainly a concern from various parties, especially Customs and Excise as an agency that has duties and responsibilities in the field of Customs. Law Number 17 of 2006 concerning Amendments to Law Number 10 of 1995 gives authority for Customs and Excise to carry out their roles in accordance with the scope of duties and functions carried out. However, in practice in the field, cases of smuggling of used clothes continue to be found, one of which is in the Atambua City area This research uses an empirical juridical research method, which is a study that directly examines the phenomenon of smuggling used clothes that occurs in the field, as well as the role of Customs and Excise investigators and the obstacles of Customs and Excise investigators in eradicating the smuggling of used clothes by conducting an interview with the Head of the Atambua Customs and Excise Office, Head of the Atambua Customs and Excise Enforcement and Investigation Section, Atambua Customs and Excise Investigator Members and the public who are consumers and sellers of used clothes. The results of the study showed: (1) The role of Customs and Excise investigators in eradicating the crime of smuggling used clothes in the Atambua City area includes preventive measures, namely socializing to the public about the smuggling of used clothes and conducting patrols. (2) The obstacles experienced by Customs and Excise investigators in eradicating the crime of smuggling used clothes in the Atambua city area include the breadth of the surveillance area, accessibility, the high interest of the Atambua community in consuming used clothes, law enforcement factors where there are still law enforcement personnel involved in smuggling, facilities or facilities where the number of transportation and investigator members is still minimal, community factors where there is still a lack of sensitivity and community participation in eradicating the smuggling of used clothes in the Atambua city area.

The digital age has brought significant changes in the protection of intellectual property rights (IPR), making it increasingly crucial to safeguard works and innovations from easy infringement. This research aims to analyze the civil liability for IPR infringers in the digital era, which involves the application of civil law principles such as the elements of fault, presumption of liability, and absolute liability. IPR regulations in Indonesia have evolved since the Dutch colonial period until now, adjusting to digital dynamics through various new laws and regulations. This research uses normative methods supported by empirical methods to analyze in depth the civil liability for perpetrators of intellectual property rights (IPR) infringement in the digital era. This approach allows researchers to evaluate legal principles and applicable regulations, as well as collect primary data from real cases, such as copyright infringement on online platforms. Analysis of empirical data from infringement cases provides tangible evidence of the application of the law and its impact. Thus, normative methods supported by empirical methods provide not only a strong theoretical foundation but also a practical context for more effective policy recommendations in protecting IPR.The case studies show that copyright owners can file a lawsuit and, if proven, perpetrators can be penalized to pay damages as well as court costs. Registration of IPRs provides legal certainty and strong evidence in court. Therefore, preventive legal protection through strict regulation and repressive legal protection through strict sanctions are essential to enforce IPR and prevent further infringement in the digital age. This study concludes that consistent law enforcement and increasing public awareness of the importance of IPR protection are crucial steps in facing the challenges of the digital era.
 
 

This journal discusses the concept and implementation of state defense in the context of student life. State defense is an important concept to strengthen and protect the country's sovereignty, as well as build awareness and a sense of national responsibility towards their country. This journal focuses on the conceptual framework of state defense, including the values contained in the concept. Values such as patriotism, loyalty to the country, concern for the environment, and a sense of social responsibility are crucial in building a strong sense of state defense in university students. Furthermore, this journal analyzes how state defense can be implemented in everyday life as a student. The research method used is qualitative description, while the type of research is library research, the activity is carried out by collecting data related to the title which is literature. Through good civic education, active participation in social and political activities, and real contributions to state development. In addition, this journal also discusses how improving integrity as a student is an implementation of state defense and also the reasons why improving integrity and state defense are very important. The author suggests several ways that can be done to improve integrity as a student to realize state defense and citizenship in universities, expand community participation programs, and build awareness of the importance of state defense through mass media and social campaigns. This journal summarizes the importance of state defense in building and protecting state defense, and provides a framework that can be used by educational institutions in implementing the concept of state defense. It is hoped that readers of this journal will gain a better understanding of state defense and the importance of building state defense awareness.

This study aims to determine the criminal responsibility of intellectual disabilities in the legal system in Indonesia and examine how the accountability of drug dealers by people with intellectual disabilities in Decision Number 290 / Pid.Sus / 2019 / PN.Tng which decided the defendant to release and Decision Number 1364k / Pid.Sus / 2017 which decided the defendant to be imprisoned, whether the judge's consideration in deciding the two cases was in accordance with Law Number 35 of 2009 on Narcotics and Article 44 of the Criminal Code. This research is a type of normative legal research that is prescriptive and applied. This legal writing uses a statutory approach and a case approach. The technique of collecting legal materials carried out is by literature study.

This article is to test the effectiveness of Law Number 24 of 2011 concerning Social Security Administering Bodies in PT Companies. LM and sanctions given to companies if they do not carry out the mandate of the Manpower Law. This research method uses an empirical method, namely a process that aims to interpret research data. The results of this research are that the implementation of Law Number 24 of 2011 concerning BPJS related to employment in furniture companies has not been effective. Sanctions imposed on companies that do not carry out the statutory mandate to provide their employees with social security are sanctions in the form of written warnings and fines. 

This research aims to find out and analyze whether the judge's dissenting opinion in case No.0687/Pdt.G/2017/PA.Gtlo regarding the cancellation of this grant provides justice for the parties. The method used in this research is normative juridical with a statutory approach (statute aproach) and a case approach (case aoprouch). The results of this research show that dissenting opinions provide justice for the parties because having a dissenting opinion provides something that is really needed by the parties where the parties feel that their arguments are heard and considered and not set aside by the panel of judges.

This study aims to find out about how the efforts to fulfill the right of alimony from children to parents who are entrusted in  nursing home Griya Lansia “Jannati”. The method used in this study is empirical with qualitative descriptive data analysis that describes and outlines the data and facts of the field. The results of this study showed that the effort to fulfill the right of alimony for the elderly in the nursing home Griya Lansia “Jannati” is not optimal, this is because children do not carry out their obligations in fulfilling the rights of alimony that should be obtained by parents who are in the nursing home Griya Lasia “Jannati”. The child fulfills only a small part of the alimony rights that parents should have. For example, children only provide a living when visiting Within 2 months, and children only visit their parents regularly so that parents feel lonely and abandoned.

Firearms are a big problem when their use can be regulated for civil society, because simply a freedom with big risks will cause other big problems. Providing a sense of security and personal protection by giving rise to abuse will certainly create confusion both for those who regulate it and those who will clearly feel the dangerous impact. This research aims to determine the factors, efforts and obstacles in tackling the crime of possessing firearms without a permit. The research method used in this research uses a normative juridical research approach with a problem approach using a statutory approach. The findings in this research are that a person's internal and external factors greatly influence the efforts that can be made to prevent and overcome criminal acts of possession of firearms and from all forms of efforts made, various obstacles are also found that are present, from the government's quick response in dealing with it to low awareness. the community has an important role in overcoming these legal issues.

this study aims to find out about how the legal liability of football competition organizers in the case of unlawful acts in the tragedy of Kanjuruhan Malang in 2022 based on the Civil Code. The method used in this study is normative with legislation and case approach. Legal materials are collected through library studies, then analyzed prescriptively. The results of the study show that the Kanjuruhan tragedy at the Kanjuruhan Stadium in Malang in 2022 has brought losses to many victims so that there is a need for a form of legal accountability regarding unlawful acts committed by the defendant. For this reason, in civil law, the form of liability is in the form of compensation for damages in unlawful acts under Articles 1365, 1367, 1370 and 1371 of the Civil Code committed by the defendant to the victim.

This research explains the procedure for implementing electronic mortgage registration and discusses legal protection for creditors in mortgage registration through SKMHT in the event of the principal's death. This normative legal research utilizes a prescriptive approach based on legislation, cases, and conceptual analysis Primary data sources include relevant laws and regulations related to mortgages, supplemented by interviews with Notaries and PPAT, as well as secondary legal materials such as books, legal research papers, and previous studies in the form of journals, theses, and dissertations related to the research. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observations, and literature studies Meanwhile, the analysis technique used by the author is qualitative model. The research results indicate that electronic registration of Mortgage Rights is carried out by interested parties through the website https://mitra.atr.bpn.go.id. However, in practice, there are still shortcomings in electronic Mortgage Rights registration, particularly when it is registered using SKMHT (Power of Attorney to Burden Mortgage Rights), and then the certificate owner passes away, the registration of Mortgage Rights cannot be continued. The solution to this problem is to add an optional refinement formulation in the Electronic Mortgage Rights System that allows for the replacement of the Identity Card Number (NIK) of the grantor with the NIK of the recipient if the Mortgage Rights are registered first with a SKMHT.

Land grabbing is the act of taking rights or property arbitrarily or without paying attention to laws and regulations, such as occupying someone else's land or house to which they do not have rights. The act of illegally grabbing land is an act that is against the law, which can be classified as a criminal act. In connection with this case, this is the reason for the author to discuss the factors causing the crime of land grabbing in the Tulang Bawang area as well as efforts to overcome the crime of land grabbing. in the Tulang Bawang area. This research uses a normative juridical approach and is supported by an empirical juridical approach. Data collection was carried out using literature studies and field studies by conducting interviews with Tulang Bawang Sector Police officers, perpetrators and lecturers in the criminal law department at Lampung University, then the data was analyzed qualitatively. The results of the research and discussion show that the causes of land grabbing crimes in Tulang Bawang include environmental factors, weak self-control factors, family factors, and economic factors. Apart from that, efforts to overcome group fights are carried out through 2 (two) means, namely penal and non-penal. Penal measures are carried out only up to the point of reporting to the authorities. Meanwhile, non-penal efforts are carried out through mediation.
 
 

There are provisions regarding trademarks that cannot be registered in Law No. 20 Year 2016, one of which is in Article 20 letter f which states that "Trademarks cannot be registered if they are common names and/or symbols of public property." However, even though there is already a regulation regarding the invalidity of registration of the use of common words in trademarks, there are still many uses of common words as trademarks in Indonesia. This shows that there is still a lack of clarity regarding the parameters of acceptable use of generic words in trademark registration. One of the famous trademark infringement cases using a common word in Indonesia is the case between PT Unilever Indonesia, Tbk. against Hardwood Private Limited with the alleged use of the "STRONG" Trademark with the Supreme Court Decision Number 332 K/Pdt.Sus- IPR/2021. This research aims to discuss the legal action in the settlement of infringement of well-known trademarks that use the word general and the judge's consideration of infringement of well-known trademarks that use the word general based on Indonesian positive law. Based on the research results, the word "STRONG" is an English word that has a strong meaning. Then the word STRONG is a general or generic word that when referring to the explanation in Article 20 of Law No. 20 Year 2016, the word "STRONG" should not be registered as a trademark because it is a common word

Schools, as educational facilities, have a crucial role in improving the quality and standards of national education to make it more advanced. In line with the introduction to PERMENDIKBUD No. 18 of 2019, the government provides compensation in the form of School Operational Assistance Funds (BOS) with the aim of helping fund school operational and non-personnel costs. Implementing school operational assistance is part of the state's responsibility to provide financing to the entire community and is an implementation of the mandate of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia to make the nation's life intelligent. Therefore, the author is interested in analyzing it in research entitled "Legal Responsibilities for Management of School Operational Assistance Funds at SD Negeri 1 Kunjeng, Gubug District" with the problem of what is the legal basis for managing School Operational Assistance Funds (BOS) at SD Negeri 1 Kunjeng and how? Legal responsibility for managing social assistance funds at SD N 1 Kunjeng, Gubug District. This research uses normative juridical which focuses on secondary data supported by the results of interviews and observations and analyzed qualitatively. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the legal basis for managing BOS funds at SD Negeri 1 Kunjeng is rooted in the 1945 Constitution, specifically Article 31B paragraphs (2) and (3), which requires the state to organize an equitable and high-quality national education system. UUSPN No. 20 of 2003 also becomes the legal basis with Article 50 paragraph (2) which requires the government to provide financial assistance for basic education. Technical instructions from PERMENDIKBUD No. 2 of 2022 provides detailed regulations regarding the management of BOS funds according to the needs of educational units, supporting the government's efforts to create equal and quality access to education. Legal responsibility for managing BOS funds at SD Negeri 1 Kunjeng is centered on the principal and the entire school. The 1945 Constitution requires the state to provide free basic education through a 9-year compulsory education program. BOS funds, as a state financial tool, are channeled directly to schools with the principles of flexibility and transparency

This research analyzes the types of dispute resolution that can be carried out due to acts of default committed by buyers in online buying and selling using the Cash On Delivery (COD) payment method in the Shopee marketplace. This research is normative legal research that is prescriptive and applied. The collection of legal materials is through library research, including primary and secondary legal materials. This research aims to find out and examine what dispute resolution can be carried out by sellers due to acts of default committed by buyers in online buying and selling using the COD payment method on the Shopee marketplace in terms of statutory regulations and Shopee's Terms of Service.

The purpose of this research is to determine the coaching pattern of the Special Development Institute for Class I Children in Tangerang, to find out the factors that influence changes in children's behavior in dealing with the law, to find out changes in children's behavior in dealing with the law at the Special Development Institute for Class I Children in Tangerang. Children in conflict with the law are children who are in conflict with the law, children who are victims of the law and children who are witnesses to criminal acts. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive approach. Data collection was carried out by observation, interviews and documentation. The number of informants was ten people, including five supervisors of the Class I Special Development Institute for Children in Tangerang and five informants from correctional students. Determining informants using purposive sampling and testing the validity of the data using data triangulation. From the results of this research, it was found that the factors that cause children to encounter the law include social factors, lack of parental supervision, and economic factors. The coaching pattern includes personality coaching. The results of this research include personality development which has a positive impact on changing the behavior of correctional students in institutions in the form of increasing religious skills and increasing knowledge in formal education.

This research aims to understand the effectiveness of the current tax law regulations regarding e-commerce in Indonesia on state tax revenue. Additionally, it discusses the potential of e-commerce taxation, inhibiting factors, and efforts made by the Directorate General of Taxes to increase tax revenue in Indonesia. This study is an empirical legal research with a qualitative approach. Types and sources of data include primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques used were interviews with representatives from the Direktorat Jendral Pajak, followed by qualitative data analysis techniques. The research findings indicate that the current regulations do not yet cover the taxation of e-commerce itself. The imprecision of regulations leads to the existence of untapped tax potentials if e-commerce taxation is further regulated. Moreover, there are still many taxable entrepreneurs (PKP) who are not compliant in tax payments and reporting. The constantly changing regulations contribute to legal uncertainty in society. Inadequate supervision is also one of the inhibiting factors in realizing the potential increase in tax revenue from e-commerce transactions in Indonesia.

Cases of sexual violence against children, especially those with mental disorders, are a serious problem that requires attention in law enforcement and child protection in Indonesia. In this context, the lack of regulations that specifically regulate the protection of children with mental disorders creates obstacles in handling cases and protecting victims. The problem raised in this research is: how is the law enforced for criminal acts of sexual violence committed against children with mental disorders and what efforts are made by investigators in this case to fulfill the rights of victims. This research is directed towards empirical legal research and the approach used in this research uses a statutory approach and a case approach. This research was carried out at Gorontalo Police. The results of the research and discussion explain that the law enforcement process for criminal acts of sexual violence against children who also experience mental disorders involves a series of steps that take into account the special conditions of the victims. Namely, the fulfillment of the victim's rights as a child with mental disorders, including: during the investigation and inquiry process the victim continues to be accompanied by P2TP2A, Social Services, psychologists and psychologists. This proves that the child is being looked after so that there is no trauma after the incident. In Indonesia there are no regulations that explicitly regulate this matter so investigators still use Article 81 paragraph 1 in conjunction with Article 76 e or Article 82 paragraph 1 in conjunction with Article 76 e of Republic of Indonesia Law No. 17 of 2016 concerning the Determination of Government Regulations in Lieu of Republic of Indonesia Law No. 1 of 2016 Regarding the 2nd Amendment to Republic of Indonesia Law No. 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection into Law in conjunction with Article 64 paragraph 1 to 1 of the Criminal Code. With the general stages of the law enforcement process, namely, Reporting, Investigation, Examination of Victims, Collection of Evidence, Determination of Suspects, fingerprinting process, and then it is handed over to the prosecutor's office for the court process.

This research aims to determine efforts to overcome the spread of pornographic content on social media. This research is empirical research because it places primary data in the community as the main data that will be analyzed qualitatively. The research results show that efforts to overcome the spread of pornographic content on social media are carried out by providing guidance and counseling regarding the dangers and sanctions for spreading pornography in society, especially for students; Conduct dialogue both directly and via radio and other mass media. Apart from that, dialogue is also carried out with the wider community through community-based field activities, such as programs held for the community by the police, for example when the police are asked to provide a welcome and guidance to the community when there is an agenda in the sub-district and village; Carry out raid operations and process legally, namely the police, especially the Bone Bolango Police, carry out raids and operations at entertainment venues, hotels and accommodation, especially in boarding houses which may be used as immoral places. If found, the police will summon immoral perpetrators, including those who make pornographic videos and take legal action; and Providing protection for victims, by first receiving complaint reports, then collaborating with related parties to fulfill the victims' rights.

This research aims to examine more deeply the cancellation of gifts made by parents to their children, as regulated in Article 212 of the Compilation of Islamic Law, where gifts cannot be withdrawn, except for gifts from parents to their children. This research uses a study of decision number 467/K/AG/2017 to see whether the panel of judges applies article 212 of the Islamic law compilation to apply the rules of Ushul. This research is qualitative research with a normative juridical approach. The results of this research show that the panel of judges attempted to prioritize the benefit in accordance with the Ma?la?ah concept put forward by Al-Ghazâlî, both at the Al-darûrât, al-hâjat and al-tahsinî levels, but the panel of judges did not directly quote the rules of ushul and prioritized the rules with a different orientation but with the aim of fulfilling the benefit of the parties involved in the lawsuit, both at the level of preserving offspring (Hifz al-Nasl) and preserving property (Hifz al-Mal) in accordance with the objectives of the syara' (maq??id al-syar?ah).

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan urgensi pendidikan antikorupsi sebagai langkah preventif pencegahan tindak korupsi, ditinjau baik dari aspek pendidikan formal dan pelayanan publik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode studi literatur. Peneliti melakukan studi literatur dengan tujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman mendalam tentang pentingnya pendidikan antikorupsi dan pentingnya nilai integritas dalam masyarakat, sehingga peneliti mengelompokkan, mengolah, dan menggunakan berbagai literatur yang relevan saja.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pendidikan antikorupsi sebagai upaya pencegahan tindak pidana korupsi hendaknya dilakukan sedini mungkin. Dengan kata lain, pendidikan antikorupsi sangat urgen diterapkan kepada pelajar, mahasiswa, dan setiap kalangan termasuk diantaranya aparatur sipil negara sebagai pemegang dan pengatur kepentingan publik. Dengan begitu, tujuan Indonesia sebagai land of inegtity dapat tercapai sepenuhnya.

Ensuring the preservation of human rights and the coherence of law enforcement's tasks are predicated on the pre-trial provisions of the criminal procedure legislation. As part of its mission to ensure that the criminal justice system is fair, the pretrial facility has put safeguards in place to monitor the effectiveness with which police officers carry out their tasks. All eyes are on the judge's evaluation of the law's applicability in light of pre-trial judgment 4/Pid.Pra/2022/PN.Kla. Normative and empirical theories of law are both used in this study's methodology. Primary data collected from the field and secondary data collected from various relevant legal sources are both used in this study. The study team included a law school professor, a prosecutor from the South Lampung District Prosecutor's office, and a judge from the Kalianda District Court. The court considered the following factors in rendering pretrial decision 4/Pid.Pra/2022/PN.Kla, in accordance with the study's conclusions: Instead of using the seizure reports and records that initially connected the suspect to the South Lampung District Prosecutor's Office ( Respondent) as evidence, the judgment was based on legal, social, and philosophical factors. Beyond that, the applicant was not suspected of being the subject of an official audit by the State Financial Loss Calculation Audit (PKKN). In order to establish a monetary loss to the state, the investigator must explicitly recognize a critical component that forms the foundation or risk of the inquiry. All of the applicant's pretrial requests were therefore granted by the court. The officials tasked with carrying out the pretrial decision's enforcement have finished their task. Kla is based on the multi-stage execution of criminal legislation.

The aim of this study to understand efforts in combating crimes involving the use of sharp weapons and the inhibiting factors influencing underage individuals in misusing sharp weapons. The method used was a normative juridical approach and an empirical juridical approach with a qualitative research type. Primary and secondary data sources were used. The research results show that the police in preventing and dealing with crimes involving sharp weapon abuse committed by children use a pre-emptive approach, the police focus on identifying potential risks that could cause children to be involved in the misuse of sharp weapons. The preventive approach involves outreach and education activities in the community to increase public awareness about the negative impacts of sharp weapon abuse by children. This study is only related to tackling sharp weapon crimes committed by children. This research contributes by identifying and analyzing various risk factors that contribute to underage individuals engaging in the misuse of sharp weapons, aiding in the development of preventive strategies.