Active learning is an instructional approach that positions students as central participants in the learning process through interactive, collaborative, and reflective activities. This study aims to examine the implementation of active learning strategies in enhancing student engagement at the elementary school level. A literature review method was employed, analyzing 20 national and international scholarly articles published between 2019 and 2024. The findings indicate that strategies such as Problem-Based Learning, cooperative learning, and experiential learning effectively increase students' participation, motivation, and academic achievement. The integration of digital media and educational games also contributes positively to students’ focus and emotional engagement during lessons. However, several implementation challenges were identified, including limited teacher competence, insufficient learning facilities, and time constraints within the curriculum. These findings highlight the importance of policy support, continuous teacher training, and the provision of adequate learning resources to ensure the optimal application of active learning in elementary classrooms. Therefore, active learning emerges as a strategic solution to improve the quality of primary education by fostering student-centered and engaging learning experiences.

The application of learning media based on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an important part in improving the quality of learning in elementary schools, especially in class V of SD Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah Pekalongan. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using ICT media in improving interactivity, attractiveness, and flexibility of learning, as well as identifying obstacles faced during the teaching and learning process. The method used is qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews with teachers, questionnaires to students, and direct observation of the learning process. Qualitative data was analyzed using a thematic approach, while quantitative data was processed descriptively and inferentially to measure student engagement and understanding. Data triangulation was conducted to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings. The results show that ICT media can increase students' motivation and involvement in learning, provide flexibility in accessing materials, but there are obstacles in the form of adjusting learning materials and limited supporting infrastructure. In conclusion, the integration of ICT media in basic learning needs to be supported by training for teachers and infrastructure development so that its implementation is more optimal and has a positive impact on the quality of education.

This study aims to explore innovative learning strategies that integrate the concept of Least Common Multiple (LCM) in mathematics with physical and spiritual activities, namely jumping rope while reciting dhikr. This strategy is based on holistic learning that combines cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects, in accordance with the direction of the Independent Curriculum. The method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) for two cycles implemented on grade IV Elementary School students. The results of the study showed that this approach was effective in improving students' understanding of the LCM concept, while fostering religious character and increasing students' active involvement in the learning process. The average student score increased from 60 in the pre-cycle to 84 in the second post-cycle. This strategy not only breaks through the boundaries of conventional mathematics learning which tends to be monotonous, but also strengthens spiritual values ??and togetherness among students. The integration of dhikr into the rope jumping activity provides a fun, meaningful, and character-building learning experience.

This study was conducted under the title “Development of Indonesian Language Learning Media Based on Animated Videos for Grade VII MTs Swasta Darul Ulum Budi Agung Descriptive Text Material,” which was motivated by low student motivation and understanding of descriptive text lessons. This situation occurred because attractive and interactive learning media were rarely used, causing students to tend to be passive in the learning process. The research methodology employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE development model, which includes Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research population consisted of students at Darul Ulum Budi Agung Private Islamic Junior High School, with a sample size of 30 students in the experimental group and 30 students in the control group. Data collection was conducted using interviews, tests, and questionnaires. Validation was provided by experts in the fields of content, media, and language. This study shows that the use of educational media in the form of animated videos falls under the category of highly suitable for use, both in terms of content and presentation. This media is capable of enhancing students' learning motivation, clarifying their understanding of descriptive text concepts, and creating a more engaging and interactive learning environment. In other words, the use of animated videos can serve as an innovative solution as a learning medium for Indonesian language, particularly descriptive text material, to improve the quality of education at MTs Swasta Darul Ulum Budi Agung.

This study aims to examine the application of the Hungarian method in solving assignment problems based on linear programming, particularly in optimizing work time allocation. Through a literature review of 15 research articles, it was found that the Hungarian method consistently proves effective in improving work efficiency, reducing time waste, and optimally matching resources with appropriate tasks. These studies reported reductions in work time ranging from 3 to 663 minutes after applying the method, depending on the complexity and context of each case. Additionally, integrating the Hungarian method with software tools such as POM-QM and LINGO further accelerates the optimization process. The findings indicate that the Hungarian method is a practical, flexible, and relevant mathematical approach across various sectors, supporting operational decision-making in an objective and efficient manner.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of teacher teaching skills on student learning outcomes in integrated social studies subjects at SMP Negeri 4 Batuda'a Pantai, Gorontalo Regency. The research approach used in this study is a Quantitative approach using Descriptive research method The results showed that there was a Positive (5.376 > 2.004) and Significant (0.000 < 0.005) Influence between Teacher Teaching Skills on Student Learning Outcomes in Integrated Social Studies Subjects at SMP Negeri 4 Batuda'a Pantai Gorontalo Regency. The coefficient of determination from the previously obtained regression model is 0.344, this value means that 34.4% of the variability in student learning outcomes can be explained by the teaching skills of teachers in integrated social studies subjects at SMP Negeri 4 Batuda'a Pantai. In other words, the better the teacher's skills in managing the learning process, such as explaining material, guiding discussions, providing reinforcement, and managing the class, the higher the possibility of students achieving optimal learning outcomes.

This study aims to analyze the supervision materials implemented at State Elementary School 080658. The primary focus is on the effectiveness of the supervision content in improving teaching quality and teacher professionalism. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, with data collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The results show that the supervision materials cover lesson planning, instructional delivery, student assessment, and teacher professional development. Supervision conducted systematically and continuously was found to enhance teachers' pedagogical competence and performance. However, several challenges were identified, such as limited time, lack of training for supervisors, and some teachers’ resistance to supervision. This study recommends improving supervisor capacity through training, developing more contextual supervision materials, and applying a more collaborative supervisory approach to enhance the effectiveness of supervision at State Elementary School 080658.

This study discusses the meaning of character education from the perspective of existentialist philosophy, which emphasizes individual freedom in forming their own moral values ??while still prioritizing responsibility for every choice made. Existentialism rejects a dogmatic approach to education and emphasizes the importance of reflection, authenticity, and real experience in the moral learning process. This approach allows students to internalize moral values ??more deeply through personal experience and critical reflection on the decisions they make. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. Data were obtained from various academic sources, including existentialist philosophical thoughts such as Jean-Paul Sartre, Søren Kierkegaard, and Viktor Frankl, as well as relevant previous research. The results of the study show that existentialism-based character education provides space for students to understand moral meaning more deeply, so that they can become individuals who have high moral awareness, think critically, and are responsible for their every action.

The advancement of information and communication technology has revolutionized educational paradigms, demanding the presence of innovative and contextual learning methods. One transformative approach that is increasingly being adopted in the context of elementary education is the Virtual Field Trip (VFT) a digital-based field trip simulation that allows students to explore various educational locations virtually. This article aims to thoroughly analyze the implementation of VFT in elementary-level learning using a qualitative approach based on grounded research and life-history methods. Through observation techniques, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and the analysis of digital and audiovisual documents, this study reveals three main findings:  (1) VFT can broaden students' horizons and sharpen their imagination by virtually bridging real learning experiences; (2) This approach enhances student engagement and enthusiasm through immersive visual and interactive presentations; and (3) Learning becomes more meaningful and contextual, as students can understand concepts directly and in an applied manner. The analysis shows that VFT is not only a pedagogical solution to physical and geographical limitations but also a strategic tool to promote critical thinking, global awareness, and cross-cultural understanding from an early age. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of VFT implementation is highly influenced by technological readiness, educators’ digital competence, as well as institutional and parental support. Therefore, a comprehensive and adaptive implementation strategy is needed to optimize the potential of VFT as an inclusive and sustainable future learning instrument in elementary schools.

The continuous advancement of technology affects the education sector, especially through the emergence of new media that increasingly use digital technology, commonly called e-learning. One prominent example is the use of Android-based educational media via mobile phones, which are designed to operate under explicit guidelines that enhance students' learning experiences. The media used in educational activities function as a channel for transmitting information, thus facilitating the understanding of learning materials and increasing the success of achieving educational goals. After achieving learning objectives, a student is given a certification that lists their name, achievements, and behavioral modifications. The importance of media literacy is essential for students in obtaining instructions and knowledge from their educators, which ultimately results in a deeper understanding of the subject matter. This investigation aims to determine, based on the main findings, the suitability and benefits of this media for elementary school students. The research method used is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR), with articles taken from several sources such as Google Scholar.

This research aims to find out and understand the meaning of the syllabus, know and understand the benefits of the syllabus, know and understand the principles of syllabus development and so on. This research adapts the Research and Development (research and development) method. This method aims to produce certain products, and test the accuracy of these products (Sugiyono, 2013:407). The product in this research is a syllabus that was developed with reference to the structure and design of the 2013 curriculum. This shows that the resulting syllabus is suitable for use in preparing learning plans.
 

This research was conducted to examine in depth what are the main differences between the Learning Outcomes (CP) and Learning Objectives (TP) in the Merdeka Curriculum compared to the Core Competencies (KI) and Basic Competencies (KD) in the 2013 Curriculum. The main focus is on how this affects the development and implementation of mathematics teaching modules in phase E, especially in SMA Negeri 16 Padang. The research method used was qualitative research involving direct observation at the school, conducting in-depth interviews, and reviewing documents related to various teaching modules. From the analysis, it can be seen that the structure of CP and TP is more integrative, contextual, and flexible compared to the structure of KI and KD which tend to be separate and procedural in nature. In addition, teaching modules based on Merdeka Curriculum encourage the development of the Pancasila Student Profile and 21st century competencies. This conclusion has a major influence on curriculum development and learning designs that are more adaptive to student needs and the times.

This study aims to (1) Describe the application of gamification-based cooperative learning models in mathematics subjects in the counting ability of grade I students. (2) To determine the students' counting ability after using gamification-based cooperative learning model in mathematics subject in grade I. (3) To find out whether there is an increase in counting ability after using a gamification-based cooperative learning model in mathematics subjects in grade I. This research used PTK which was carried out in two cycles. Each cycle includes 4 stages, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subjects of this research were students of class I B MIN 2 Kota Palangka Raya with a total of 37 students. The results showed (1) In cycle I, the analysis of teacher activity obtained a percentage of 92.70% with very good criteria, there was an increase in cycle II with a percentage of 98.80% with very good criteria. While student activity in cycle I obtained a percentage of 88.54% with very good criteria and an increase in cycle II with a percentage of 97.61% with very good criteria. (2) The increase in learning ability seen from the posttest results is evident from the increase in posttest scores in each cycle. In cycle I, the classical completeness was 56.75% to 86.48% in cycle II. (3) The increase in student learning outcomes using a gamification-based cooperative learning model to improve students' numeracy skills towards improving learning outcomes in cycle I the percentage of student completeness reached 56.75% while in cycle II it increased by 86.52%. In Cycle I N-Gain got a medium category by obtaining a value of 0.377 with the N-Gain score division category 0.3?g?0.7. Whereas in cycle II it got a high category of 0.755 with the N-Gain division category score g> 0.7.

Learning motivation is one of the important factors that influence the success of the learning process. Lack of student learning motivation often becomes an obstacle in achieving optimal learning outcomes. This article aims to examine how an active learning approach can improve student learning motivation in a formal educational environment. An active learning approach directly involves students in the learning process, either through group discussions, case studies, experiments, or simulations, thus creating a more meaningful and enjoyable learning experience. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method by collecting data from literature studies, classroom observations, and interviews with teachers and students at the junior high school level. The results of the study show that the implementation of active learning consistently can foster students' sense of responsibility for the learning process, increase self-confidence, and build a high sense of curiosity. In addition, the interaction between students and teachers becomes more dynamic, which ultimately contributes to increasing students' enthusiasm for learning. It can be concluded that active learning is not only able to increase students' intrinsic motivation but also create a more collaborative and interactive learning environment. Therefore, teachers are advised to integrate active learning strategies into the teaching process as an effort to build a productive and enjoyable learning culture. This approach is one of the effective solutions in facing the challenges of education in the modern era that demands active participation and full involvement from students.
 

This research aims to analyze the application of Croissant processing in Pastry & Bakery Section of Ciputra World Hotel Surabaya. This stage starts from weighing the ingredients, mixing the dough, making lamination, cutting the dough, proofing, baking, and serving croisaant. The focus of the research was on the processing stages of lamination formation using single fold 3 times and producing 27 clearly visible thin layers. The research method involved observation, interview, and structured questionnaire with eight respondents (pastry chef, CDP pastry, demi chef, commis, daily worker, trainee). Results showed the majority of respondents rated the selection of raw materials, control of kneading temperature, resting of dough, and number of laminations as “Good” to “Very Good,” although there is a need for improvement in the understanding of temperature control. The processing process includes ingredient preparation, dough making (gluten development, elasticity), lamination forming (folding and rolling with butter), dough shaping, proofing (final fermentation for volume), and baking, Presentation involves visual double check, test panel, as well as cleanliness of equipment for safety.
 

This study aims to understand how the use of the game congklak can contribute to improving the numeracy skills of grade II elementary school students. Using a qualitative approach through a case study, this research involved students, teachers, and parents as resource persons to gain in-depth insights into the role of games in the math learning process. The research subjects were grade II students at SDS Islam Ulul Albab. The findings show that congklak can be an effective tool in helping students hone their numeracy skills. In addition to offering a fun way to learn, this game also helps train social skills, critical thinking, and strategy application. Based on observations and interviews, students were more active and enthusiastic when learning math through congklak, and were able to relate the subject matter to everyday life situations. Overall, congklak proved to be not only an interesting learning medium, but also has an important role in supporting students' cognitive and social development, so it has the potential to be an effective learning innovation at the primary school level.

This study aims to analyze the impact of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on the learning outcomes of intellectually disabled 11th-grade students at SLB Negeri Sukapura, Kiaracondong District, Bandung City, in science subjects. The study involved two students with IQ ranges between 40-67. A collaborative approach was used, involving researchers and teachers to observe students' activities during problem-based learning sessions. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and learning outcome tests. The results indicated that implementing PBL positively influenced students' engagement and understanding, particularly among students with higher IQs. However, challenges persisted for students with lower IQs, requiring adjusted teaching methods for greater effectiveness. The application of PBL demonstrated an average improvement in learning outcomes, although some students did not meet the minimum mastery criteria. This study suggests further enhancements in the implementation of PBL to optimize learning experiences for intellectually disabled students.

Character education in elementary schools (SD) is an important aspect in shaping a young generation that not only possesses intellectual intelligence but also strong moral values. This article aims to explore how the integration of character education can be applied within the context of learning in elementary schools. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach, reviewing various sources on character education in SD and its implementation practices. The research findings indicate that character education integration can be carried out through a thematic approach in the curriculum, active learning models, and the role of teachers as role models. Challenges faced include time and resource limitations, as well as a lack of cooperation with parents and the community. As solutions, there is a need for the development of a character-based curriculum, teacher training, and the enhancement of synergy between schools, parents, and the community.

Natural Sciences (IPA) are the knowledge of nature, including living things, dead objects, and processes that occur around it. Natural science is a branch of science that is very broad and includes physics, chemistry, biology, and the science of Earth and Space. This study aims to explore the importance of natural science (IPA) in basic education, focusing on developing scientific skills and understanding of natural phenomena. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. This approach aims to describe the phenomena that occur in science learning and analyze their effectiveness in increasing student understanding. The results showed that IPA learning has an important role in student daily lives. With an interdisciplinary approach that includes physics, chemistry, biology, and earth and space science, from the four IPA fields allow students to develop critical thinking skills and problem solving needed to face global challenges. Thus, natural science is very important in everyday life and also in understanding the relationship between humans and nature. Through a deep understanding of natural science, we can better appreciate the beauty of nature and play an active role in maintaining its sustainability for future generations.

This research aims to analyze the types of errors made by fifth grade elementary school students in solving mathematical problems. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. The research subjects were 25 students who were selected based on the criteria of various academic abilities and difficulties in problem solving. Data was collected through mathematical problem solving tests, semi-structured interviews, and observations. The research results showed that students' errors in solving mathematical problems were divided into three types, namely: conceptual errors (44%), procedural errors (36%), and calculation errors (20%). Conceptual errors occur due to students' lack of understanding of basic mathematical principles, such as fractional number operations. Procedural errors are caused by students' ignorance in determining systematic steps to solve problems. Meanwhile, calculation errors arise due to students' low accuracy and concentration. This research recommends using a problem-based learning approach and interactive media to increase students' understanding of concepts. Apart from that, providing varied practice questions and feedback can help students correct their mistakes. Thus, students' mathematical problem solving abilities are expected to increase significantly.

In various types of statistical analysis, the Weibull distribution is an important continuous probability distribution. One crucial aspect of studying this distribution is estimating its parameters. The maximum likelihood method is the approach used for the two-parameter Weibull distribution. This method aims to determine the parameter values by maximizing the likelihood function based on the available data. The advantages of the maximum likelihood method lie in its properties, such as consistency, efficiency, and asymptotic normality. Since the form of the likelihood function in the Weibull distribution is quite complex and cannot be solved analytically, numerical solutions are required. One approach used is the Newton-Raphson method, which serves to approximate the parameter values or find the optimal solution.

This research is motivated by the difficulties experienced by students in imagining and composing fantasy stories. To overcome this, a Flipbook-based e-module was developed for the Indonesian Language subject with fantasy story text material containing elements of critical reasoning to train students' critical reasoning skills. The purpose of this research is to develop digital learning media that facilitates the learning process. The research uses the ADDIE development model (analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation). This research was conducted at Puspita Middle School with 39 students of class VII-G as research subjects. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires to students, educators, media experts and material experts to assess the feasibility of the e-module. The results showed that the e-module was declared valid and practical to use, with an assessment from media experts of 86.67%, material experts 98.67%, indicating a statement that it was very appropriate without revision, and an assessment from Indonesian Language teachers of 94.67%, and student responses of 96.14%. Thus, the e-module of fantasy story texts containing critical reasoning based on flipbooks gets a very good and very decent category.
 

This study aims to describe the application of the Project Based Learning (PJBL) learning model in improving the understanding of the concept of changes in the state of matter in Elementary School students. The background of this study is based on the low understanding of students on the material of changes in the state of matter, which can have an impact on the weak mastery of scientific concepts as a whole. The method used is qualitative research with a library research approach, where data is collected through analysis of various scientific literature, journals, and relevant academic sources. The results of the study indicate that PJBL is a learning model that emphasizes the active involvement of students in real projects, from designing, implementing, to presenting the results. The application of PJBL in the topic of changes in the state of matter encourages students to experience scientific processes such as melting, evaporating, freezing, and condensing directly through simple experiments. PJBL not only improves students' conceptual understanding, but also develops science process skills, critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and responsibility. In its implementation, PJBL follows certain stages starting from determining essential questions to reflection. Despite facing several challenges such as limited time, facilities, and teacher readiness, solutions can be sought through effective planning and professional training. Thus, PJBL has proven to be the right approach in improving the quality of science learning in elementary schools, especially in strengthening students' understanding of the concept of changes in the state of objects in a comprehensive and meaningful manner.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of using map media in the discovery learning method to improve the understanding of fifth grade elementary school students on the material of natural features of Indonesia. This study is a qualitative study with a library research approach that relies on data sources from scientific and credible literature, such as accredited journals, academic books, and relevant previous research reports. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the application of discovery learning assisted by map media can increase student activity, interest, and involvement in learning. Students become more active in exploring information, discussing, and expressing opinions. In addition, the use of maps as a visual medium encourages an increase in students' cognitive understanding, as indicated by a significant increase in test scores after learning. Interaction between students through group discussions has also proven effective in forming shared understanding and improving social skills, such as cooperation, communication, and tolerance. The discovery learning method encourages meaningful learning because students are directly involved in the process of discovering concepts through learning experiences, not just receiving information from teachers. Changes in student behavior from passive to active show that this approach is in line with the principles of constructivism and supports character development and learning independence in accordance with the Merdeka Curriculum. Thus, discovery learning assisted by map media is an effective, participatory, and contextual learning strategy in improving the quality of social studies learning in elementary schools.

The purpose of this research is to describe the development process of Student Worksheets based on cryptarithm that can enhance logical thinking abilities and to determine the validity and practicality results of the developed product. Cryptarithm is a means to develop students' logical thinking skills in the context of mathematics. The logical structure in cryptarithm encourages students to develop logical thinking skills. Students must be able to identify mathematical patterns and use logic to limit the possibility of substituting numbers for existing letters. This research is a development study using the R&D method. The development model used is ADDIE, which includes analyze, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The testing was conducted in two stages: a limited trial with 5 students and a broad-scale trial with 20 students. The research results indicate that the student worksheets is valid with a percentage score of 98.33% and can be considered practical for use by students as an effort to improve mathematical logical thinking abilities, with a practicality score of 87.13%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the Cryptarithm-based student worksheets developed to enhance mathematical logical thinking abilities is categorized as Highly Valid and Highly Practical

Education plays an important role in improving the quality of human resources, where teachers serve as the key to the success of the teaching and learning process. Prospective teachers need to possess adequate knowledge and skills to carry out teaching responsibilities effectively. The Teaching Practice Program (PLK) - Teaching Assistance is a course designed to help students of the education program at Universitas Negeri Padang develop teaching skills before entering the professional education field. However, based on preliminary observations at SMK Negeri 5 Padang, it was found that PLK-Teaching Assistance students still lacked certain teaching skills, such as mastery of subject matter, use of media and teaching methods, and classroom management. This study aims to determine students' perceptions of the teaching skills of PLK-Teaching Assistance students at SMK Negeri 5 Padang. The results are intended as feedback and improvement to enhance the teaching skills of these students. The research used a quantitative approach. The population consisted of Grade X and XI students of the Mechanical Engineering program, with a total sample of 126 students. The results showed that students' perception of the teaching skills of PLK-Teaching Assistance students in the Mechanical Engineering Education program at SMK Negeri 5 Padang was categorized as good, with a percentage of 67%. This included: 1) questioning skills (56%), 2) reinforcement skills (56%), 3) explanation skills (56%), 4) teaching variation skills (51%), 5) opening and closing learning skills (55%), 6) small group and individual teaching skills (56%)—all categorized as good; and 7) classroom management skills (41%), and 8) small group discussion guidance skills (42%)—both categorized as less satisfactory. Therefore, overall, students' perception of the teaching skills of Universitas Negeri Padang's PLK-Teaching Assistance students in the Mechanical Engineering Education program at SMK Negeri 5 Padang was considered good.

This study aims to investigate the influence of school environment on the academic achievement of students at SDN 02 Jambak. A quantitative research method using multiple linear regression was employed to analyze the relationship between school environment variables (school facilities, school climate, and teacher support) and academic achievement (exam scores). The results show a significant influence of the school environment on the academic achievement of students at SDN 02 Jambak. School facilities and teacher support variables contributed the most to academic achievement. These findings highlight the importance of improving the quality of school facilities and teacher support to enhance student academic performance. Further research is recommended to consider other variables that may influence academic achievement, such as family and individual factors.
 
 

This study aims to analyze the use of technology, especially QR Code, in mathematics learning in elementary schools. Using a literature review method, data was collected from various relevant national and international journals. The results of the study indicate that the integration of QR Code in mathematics learning has proven effective in improving student learning outcomes, interest, and engagement. QR Code is used in various forms of media, such as Student Worksheets (LKS), comics, flash cards, posters, and interactive videos, which support contextual, visual, and independent learning. The application of QR Code also helps students understand abstract concepts, improves numeracy and spatial skills, and supports the development of 21st century skills. This study concludes that the use of QR Code is an innovative strategy and is feasible to be applied in mathematics learning at the elementary school level.
 
 

The study aims to determine whether there is an influence of entrepreneurship education on student creativity. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with a sample size of 36 people. The instruments used are questionnaires and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is simple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of the data analysis, it is known that there is a significant influence of entrepreneurship education on the creativity of students of the Department of Economic Education, Faculty of Economics and Business, Gorontalo State University. The magnitude of the influence of entrepreneurship education on student creativity is 62.5% and the remaining 37% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study.

This study aims to determine the effect of using sequential picture media on students' ability to complete cloze sentences among third-grade students at MI Al-Hikmah Masangan in the 2024/2025 academic year. The research method used in this study is a quasi-experimental design with a Non-Equivalent Control Group design. The research sample consisted of two classes: the experimental class, which received treatment using sequential picture media, and the control class, which did not receive any treatment. The instrument used in this study was a cloze test that had been tested for validity and reliability. The data obtained were analyzed using statistical tests. The population in this study comprised all third-grade students at MI Al-Hikmah Masangan in the 2024/2025 academic year, totaling 28 students. Based on the results of the analysis, a significant difference was found between the experimental and control classes. This is evidenced by the hypothesis test results, which showed a significance value of 0.021 < 0.05, leading to the rejection of H0 and the acceptance of H1. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of sequential picture media has a significant effect on the ability of third-grade students at MI Al-Hikmah Masangan to complete cloze sentences.

This social project aims to instill character values and develop critical thinking skills among children at Insan Madani Orphanage, Blitar Regency. The program was designed as a form of community service by PGSD students of Nahdlatul Ulama University Blitar through an educational, interactive, and practical approach. Activities included seminars, discussions, educational games, poster-making, and hands-on projects such as planting vegetables. The method emphasized participatory learning to foster values such as responsibility, cooperation, and empathy, while simultaneously training logical, analytical, and reflective thinking skills. The results showed high enthusiasm and active participation from the children in each session. They were able to express ideas confidently and demonstrated improvement in understanding character concepts and critical thinking. The orphanage welcomed the program and expressed hope for future collaboration. For the students, this activity provided real-world experience in applying character education and nurturing social awareness. This program demonstrates that the synergy between character development and critical thinking training is essential to shaping a golden generation that is intellectually capable and morally grounded.

This research is motivated by the low interest and skills of class X students of SMKS PAB 5 Klambir Lima which is caused by less interesting teaching methods and minimal innovation of learning media utilized during teaching and learning activities in the classroom. This study aims to develop comic learning media on negotiation text material for class X students. The research methodology uses research and development with the ADDIE model consisting of five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The population in the study were class X students of SMKS PAB 5 Klambir Lima with a sample size of 28 students. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation, then analyzed using a Likert scale, mean, and the N-Gain formula to obtain valid and accurate results. The results of the study indicate that the comics developed were declared very feasible by media experts 96%, language experts 96%, and material experts 92%. The level of practicality of the comics also obtained very practical results with teacher responses of 4.7 and students 3.30. In addition, the results of the effectiveness of comics show an increase in students' writing skills, with an average N-Gain of 81.35% in the effective category. This study shows that comics can be an alternative teaching material that supports the learning process and learning outcomes experience significant development.

This research is a quantitative research using a phenomenological approach. Research that uses a systematic approach to collect, analyze and interpret numerical data obtained directly from the field. This study uses data collection techniques in the form of observation techniques, questionnaires and documentation. The population in this study were 50 respondents of class IV E and IV F students of MIN 1 East Kutai. Furthermore, to analyze the data, the researcher used a simple linear regression formula with validity and reliability test calculations and assisted by using the IBM SPSS 2.6 application. From the calculation results, it was found that the results that influenced technology-based learning media on increasing student learning interest were 0.307 with an interval category between 0.200-0.390 which means having a low correlation level so that it can form a regression equation Y = 46.358 + 0.277X. The results of the hypothesis that were tested using the t test obtained results of 2.146> 2.010 or tcount> ttable, so it can be stated that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Based on the results of t count, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship or influence between the independent variables on the dependent variables. Thus, the Influence of Technology-Based Learning Media on Increasing Learning Interest in Grade IV Students at MIN 1 Kutai Timur has a positive value with a determinant coefficient of 9.42% and 90.58% is influenced by other factors such as learning models, teacher motivation, school environment, and parental guidance.

Multiplication is a basic skill in mathematics that plays a vital role as a basis for understanding more complex concepts. However, many elementary school students still find it difficult to understand this concept because the learning approach is less varied and tends to be abstract. This study aims to review the effectiveness of the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach in helping elementary school students understand the concept of multiplication better. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various previous studies on the application of RME in multiplication learning. The results of the study show that the application of RME with the help of concrete media such as number bags, puzzles, elimination boards, math boards, and magic boards is consistently able to improve students' understanding of concepts. In addition, this approach also encourages active participation, increases learning motivation, and develops students' analytical skills. The RME approach has been shown to be more capable of providing a more interesting and meaningful learning experience when compared to conventional learning methods. The implications of this study indicate that the RME approach can be a recommended method in elementary school mathematics learning to build a strong foundation in understanding mathematical concepts.

The Index Card Match learning model is an active and enjoyable strategy that enhances student involvement in learning activities. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Index Card Match model in increasing student participation in thematic learning for 3rd-grade elementary school students. The research used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The results showed that the Index Card Match model effectively increased student activity in the learning process through paired card matching activities involving questions and answers. Additionally, this model fosters a fun and interactive classroom environment that encourages students to be more confident and expressive. Therefore, the Index Card Match model is effective in boosting student participation and offers teachers an alternative to deliver meaningful and engaging learning experiences.

Writing an educational research report is essential to disseminate research results and apply scientific findings in educational practice. A good report must be written systematically, structured, and in accordance with academic standards. This study uses literature study to review guidelines and examples of educational research reports. The results show that reports generally consist of a title, introduction, literature review, methods, results and discussion, and conclusions, appendices, and bibliography. Each section has a different but interrelated function to convey the research results completely. This study emphasizes the importance of attention to the writing structure so that the report is effective and meets academic standards. With the right understanding, research reports can make a significant contribution to the development of education.

The poems in Sapardi Djoko Darmono's work have beauty and meaning that need to be analyzed. This research aims to analyze the physical and mental elements in four poems, namely Hatiku Selembar Daun by Sapardi Djoko Damono, In My Prayers, Gerimis Falling in Love, and Kita Saksi-saksi. The method used is qualitative descriptive with a structural approach, which focuses on the study of the internal structure of poetry, including physical elements such as diction, imagery, rhyme, and language style, as well as mental elements such as themes, tone, feelings, and mandates. The results of the analysis show that the four poems have a distinctive power of expression in conveying the poet's inner experience. The physical element is used effectively to reinforce the atmosphere and meaning, while the inner element reflects the struggle of emotions, spirituality, and deep reflection on life and love. The entire poem shows the typical characteristics of modern Indonesian poetry which is full of meaning and aesthetics.

This article aims to determine how important Civic Education learning is in schools, one of which is in elementary schools, to form a character that cares about the environment. This study uses the SLR (Systematic Literature Review) method where researchers search for and review various sources such as journals, books, or other sources that are in accordance with the topic to be discussed. Civic Education learning in elementary schools is a very important learning in forming a character that cares about the school environment. By integrating Civic Education learning in elementary schools, it can develop awareness to be able to form a character that cares about the environment. The results of this study are that Civic Education learning has a very important influence on the formation of a character that cares about the environment

This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach which aims to examine how teachers and students view the challenges of using technology in elementary school learning. The purpose of this analysis is to provide insight to teachers and students to find out the various challenges that can be faced in the use of technology in the learning process. This literature review also provides knowledge about the challenges faced in the use of technology in learning in primary schools. The data in this study were taken from five journal articles relevant to the topic, published between 2021 and 2025. Data analysis uses content analysis techniques where each source or literature studied is adjusted to the context of the subject presented in this study. The results of this study show that the role of teachers is very important in the use of technology in learning. To improve the quality of learning, the perception of teachers and students is very important regarding the use of technology in this learning. In the use of technology, there are still a number of obstacles to integrating technology into the learning process. However, the existing challenges can be overcome with the right support from various parties.

One essential component of human life is education,resource development, and mathematics plays an essential role in developing logic and problem-solving skills among students. However, many elementary school students find mathematics to be difficult and boring, resulting in a lack of interest in the subject. One solution to enhance interest in learning is through the use of educational games. This study aims to analyze the role of educational games in improving elementary school students' interest in learning mathematics. The method employed is a literature review, collecting and analyzing related references. The findings suggest that the use of educational games can increase student motivation and learning outcomes by creating an enjoyable and interactive learning environment.

In everyday life, decision making is an unavoidable activity, both in personal, organizational and societal contexts. Each individual or group is often faced with various alternative choices, where each choice has certain consequences. In your career, decision making is very important. In making a decision there are definitely factors that influence it. In this research, the author used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method This research uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach with data sources originating from previous journal literature.  Data collection was carried out by documenting all articles and journals that were relevant to this research. From 20 similar articles, researchers took 10 articles to analyze and summarize. The results of this research show that the factors that influence career decision making are internal factors which include self-efficacy, motivation, interests, skills and personal perceptions, which are the psychological and emotional basis for individuals in determining their career direction, as well as external factors such as family support, the environment. Social, economic opportunities, capital, and market conditions play a significant role in providing resources and external incentives that support career decision making.

This research aims to analyze the physical and mental elements in the poems "Aku Kangen 1", "Aku Kangen 2", "Aku Kangen 3" and "Waiting for Flowers" by Heri Isnaini which are contained in the anthology Montase: Serpihan Srêm published by Pustaka Humaniora. The physical elements of poetry include diction, rhythm, imagery, and grammar, while the inner elements include themes, tone, atmosphere, and mandates. This study applies a structural approach with a qualitative descriptive method, which focuses on text analysis as the main focus. The results of the analysis show that these poems use simple but highly emotionally charged language, as well as visual imagery and deep feelings in describing longing and waiting. Certain typography and repetition structures reinforce the dramatic effect and musicality of the poem. From the inner side, the main themes that emerge are longing, loneliness, and hope for encounters, which are conveyed in a melancholy tone and a calm, reflective atmosphere. The implied message encourages the reader to reflect on the meaning of presence, loss, and hope in everyday life. This research confirms Heri Isnaini's ability to unite form and meaning poetically, as well as his contribution to contemporary Indonesian poetry.

This study aims to analyze the structure of the Management Information System (MIS) implemented in MTs EXPGA as a secondary educational institution. MIS is an important instrument in supporting decision making, managing academic and non-academic data, and improving the efficiency of school administration. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach with observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The results of the study indicate that the MIS structure in MTs EXPGA is divided based on operational, managerial, strategic, and decision support functions. Although the implementation of this system has covered the basic needs of school management, improvements are still needed in terms of data integration and HR training. This article provides recommendations for improvements to optimize the use of MIS in supporting educational goals in the digital era.

This study aims to improve mathematics learning outcomes on addition and subtraction material through the use of elevator media in Grade 1 at SDN Pakahan in the 2024/2025 academic year. The problems encountered include low understanding of place value concepts, confusion in the borrowing and carrying process, and monotonous and less varied learning methods. The study employed a classroom action research approach conducted in two cycles, using both quantitative (pre-test and post-test) and qualitative (observation, interviews, and reflective journals) data collection techniques. The results showed an increase in the average student score from 72.2 initially, to 78.8 in the first cycle, and 88.4 in the second cycle, with a learning mastery rate reaching 100%. This improvement was influenced by the use of concrete learning media, increased student motivation, appropriate evaluation questions, and effective classroom management. Thus, the elevator media proved to be effective in enhancing students’ understanding and learning outcomes in basic arithmetic operations.

The problem of this study is the lack of students' critical thinking skills in mathematics learning. The purpose of this text is to describe critical thinking in mathematics. The methodology used in the research of this article is qualitative. One of the methods used is qualitative using data collection techniques in the form of diagnostic tests. From several sources obtained, the most relevant data related to this article are presented. The ability to think critically has been proven to have a very important role in learning the material rounding numbers. Students who have good critical thinking skills are not only able to apply rounding rules mechanically, but also understand basic concepts and can apply them in various problem contexts. This study recommends the importance of integrating learning strategies that can develop students' critical thinking skills in mathematics learning, especially through problem-based learning approaches and contextual learning.

Learning Social Sciences (IPS) in Indonesia is still dominated by conventional methods based on memorization, so students often have difficulty connecting material with real life. Various studies have proposed learning innovations, but their implementation is still limited and poorly evaluated in the context of Merdeka Belajar. This research focuses on the implementation of social studies learning innovations at SDS Islam Ulul Albab which combines the role play method, the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) type cooperative learning model, and the use of audiovisual technology through Smart TV. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of innovative methods in improving students' conceptual understanding without having to memorize. Using a qualitative approach with a field research method, data was collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The results showed that the role-playing method helped students understand social studies material through hands-on experience, while the TGT model increased students' participation and learning motivation through fun academic competition. In addition, the use of audiovisuals provides a more interesting learning experience and makes it easier for students to understand abstract social studies concepts. In conclusion, this learning innovation is effective in improving students' understanding conceptually, aligns with the principles of Merdeka Belajar, and has the potential to become a learning model that can be used to improve students' understanding of social studies.
 
 

This study aims to (1) the relationship between K3 knowledge and K3 behavior; (2) the relationship between K3 attitudes and K3 behavior; (3) the relationship between K3 knowledge and K3 attitudes and K3 behavior in the workshop of SMK Negeri 5 Padang. This study uses the expost facto method, the data obtained are interval and nominal data. This study uses three types of variables, 1) K3 knowledge variable (X1), 2) K3 attitude variable (X2) and 3) K3 behavior variable (Y). Data collection techniques use questionnaires, observations. The population and sample in this study were students of the Mechanical Engineering Department, Class XI, SMK Negeri 5 Padang, totaling 89 students, the sample was taken using the total sampling technique. The data analysis techniques used are descriptive and multiple regression. Hypothesis testing based on the results of the regression test that has been carried out, the results show that: (1) there is a positive relationship between knowledge and K3 behavior of 35.5% of class XI TPM students of SMK Negeri 5 Padang (2) there is a positive relationship between K3 attitudes and K3 behavior of 37.5% of class XI XI TPM students of SMK Negeri 5 Padang (3) there is a positive relationship between knowledge and K3 attitudes together towards K3 behavior of 40.8% of class XI TPM students of SMK Negeri 5 Padang, from the data there is a relationship between K3 Knowledge and attitudes towards K3 Behavior.

Character development is a crucial element in the educational landscape, particularly in elementary schools where a child's personality starts to take shape. An effective approach to cultivating students' character is through Islamic Religious Education (PAI). This research seeks to evaluate how significantly Islamic Religious Education impacts the character development of elementary school students. A qualitative method is employed for this investigation, utilizing observation methods, interviews, and documentation concerning PAI teachers and students from various elementary schools. The findings from the research show that Islamic Religious Education plays a crucial role in promoting character traits like integrity, self-control, accountability, and acceptance. Effective learning, teacher role models, and religious activities in schools are supporting factors for the success of character education. On the other hand, limited lesson time and lack of parental involvement are challenges in its implementation. In conclusion, Islamic Religious Education has an important role in forming the character of students holistically from an early age.
 
 

This study was motivated by the condition of students who are still lacking in literacy activities carried out by the school in the morning 15 minutes before learning begins. This study aims to determine Teacher Efforts in Improving Students' Literacy Skills through the Reading Corner at MI SALAMAH Jambi City, the method used in this study is qualitative using data collection instruments in the form of observation, interviews and documentation. The data sources are the Principal, Class Teachers, and students, Data analysis techniques used are Data Reduction, Data Display, and Conclusions. The results of this study indicate that, Teacher Efforts in Improving Students' Literacy Skills through the Reading Corner at MI Salamah Jambi City have been implemented well, for example, children can already speak well and correctly but there are also those who still cannot speak correctly. Supporting and inhibiting factors in Teacher Efforts in Improving Students' Literacy Skills through the Reading Corner at MI Salamah Jambi City, The supporting factors are such as facilities and infrastructure, having a reading corner in the classroom, and environmental factors. While the inhibiting factors are, the books in the reading corner are inadequate, and still incomplete, as well as factors within the students and parents. Teachers' efforts to improve students' literacy skills through the reading corner are by utilizing existing facilities, and always providing motivation to students and increasing the number of books in the reading corner.

This study aims to analyze the extent to which halal certification and customer satisfaction affect consumer loyalty at Daifuku Mochi in Sangatta Utara. The approach used is quantitative with field research methods. Data were obtained through questionnaires, direct observation at the store, and documentation. The study population amounted to 1000 people, and the sample was determined as many as 50 respondents using the quota sampling technique. The analysis was carried out with multiple linear regression which resulted in the equation Y = 2,394 + 0.360X1 + 0.541X2, indicating a positive influence between the two independent variables on consumer loyalty. The t-test results show that customer satisfaction has a significant effect on loyalty (tcount 3.166 > ttable 2.011; sig. 0.003 < 0.05), while halal certification is not partially significant (tcount 1.443 < ttable 2.011; sig. 0.156 > 0.05). However, simultaneously, both have a significant effect on consumer loyalty (Fcount 6.171 > Ftable 3.19; sig. 0.004 <0.05). The R² value of 0.375 indicates that 37.5% of the variation in customer loyalty can be explained by the two variables, while the rest is influenced by other factors outside this study.

This research discusses the meaning and religious message in four poems entitled "Sinner", "Prayer", "I Will Not Stop Looking for You", "To God" by Heri Isnaini. The purpose of this research is to find out how poets convey the spiritual connection between humans and God. The research was conducted using the Literature Study method. Poetry is analyzed based on themes, word meanings, and language use that reflects religious values. The results of the study show that the poems describe feelings of guilt, hope, love, and an effort to get closer to God. The language used is simple but full of meaning and symbols. The conclusion of this study is that poetry is a medium to convey love and search for God in a deep and honest way.

Heri Isnaini's poetic works offer a profound beauty of language and meaning that needs to be analyzed. The purpose of this research is to analyze the physical and mental elements contained in the poem by Heri Isnaini entitled "I met you at the end of the road", "maqamat cinta", with you "at dusk" and "with the poem of memories". The method used in this analysis is a literature study method by collecting several relevant literature sources, including literary theories and poetry analysis, to support the understanding of the works being studied. The result of this analysis is that the inner element and the physical element have an influential role in building a work, especially in the poem by Heri Isnaini. The physical element in the form of diction, theme, and language structure provides aesthetic beauty, while the inner element contains messages, longing, and reflections on life that contain strong meaning and emotions. The conclusion of this study is that the inner and physical elements have an important role for literary works in building a beauty.

Writing skills are essential in education and need to be developed from an early age to ensure academic success. However, many children face challenges in writing, whether it’s related to structure, vocabulary, or creativity. These difficulties can hinder their ability to effectively communicate their thoughts and ideas. To address this, the Reading to Learn (R2L) method presents a solution that can significantly enhance children’s writing skills. The R2L method is a comprehensive approach that combines both reading and writing activities in a systematic way, allowing children to understand various text structures and patterns that they can apply in their own writing.This article discusses how the R2L method is not only effective but also enjoyable for children. Unlike traditional teaching methods that are either teacher-centered or student-centered, the R2L approach emphasizes the importance of collaboration and interaction between the teacher and the students to build knowledge. The method encourages children to think critically and creatively, helping them transform their ideas into coherent written form.By using the R2L method, students not only improve their writing abilities but also gain confidence in expressing their thoughts and ideas clearly. This boost in confidence is essential for their overall development as learners. The application of the R2L method in classrooms provides an innovative and engaging way to teach writing, fostering both creativity and critical thinking skills. As such, the R2L method offers a valuable approach to developing writing skills in children, making learning both effective and fun.

Learning the concepts of Greatest Common Factor (GCF) and Least Common Multiple (LCM) at the elementary school level faces significant challenges due to their abstract and complex nature. This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of innovative learning strategies using the congklak game in enhancing students' understanding of GCF and LCM concepts. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) methodology with the ADDIE model, involving 14 fifth-grade students from SDS Nahdlatul Ulama Medan as research subjects. The congklak game was developed as an interactive learning tool that integrates traditional game elements with mathematical concepts. Implementation was conducted through structured phases including needs analysis, media design, prototype development, learning implementation, and outcome evaluation. Research findings demonstrate significant improvements in students' conceptual understanding and learning outcomes. The use of congklak media successfully created contextual learning experiences that enabled students to visualize abstract GCF and LCM concepts through manipulation of congklak seeds. This strategy also increased active student engagement, promoted collaborative learning, and created an enjoyable learning atmosphere. Data analysis showed improved average student scores and higher learning mastery rates compared to conventional teaching methods. This study provides practical contributions to the development of mathematics teaching strategies at the elementary school level, particularly in teaching GCF and LCM concepts. The research findings recommend the use of congklak media as an effective alternative for enhancing the quality of meaningful mathematics learning oriented toward conceptual understanding.

This study aims to analyze the impact of Distance Learning (PJJ) on the learning outcomes of elementary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic. In its implementation, PJJ presents various challenges, including decreased learning outcomes (learning loss), lack of student involvement, low concentration, and limited learning facilities. Inhibiting factors such as access to technology, minimal parental guidance, and lack of motivation for independent learning also worsen the condition. However, various strategies have been implemented by teachers and parents to overcome these obstacles, ranging from variations in learning methods, strengthening communication, to creating a conducive learning environment. The results of the analysis show that collaboration between teachers and parents is very important in maintaining the quality of learning. This study also found a significant difference between learning outcomes before and during PJJ, where face-to-face learning tends to provide better results. This study recommends the need to strengthen educational infrastructure and increase the digital capacity of all elements of education as an effort to face similar challenges in the future.
 

The research that has been conducted titled "The Influence of Model Project Based Learning On Skills to Write Biography of Class X State High School Text" which is motivated that the low motivation and ability of students to write, especially in writing biographies. And the dominant method of lectures in the learning process. The method used is quantitative with a quae-experimental design in the form of pre-test and post-tests with a sample of 35 class X-1 and 35 students from class X-2. Data collection techniques with written tests, observations, documentation, and questionnaire. The results stated that (1) there is an increase in post-test results in the experiment class compared to the control class, (2) the average post-test value of experimental class students higher than the post-test student values, (3) The use of the media-based PjBL model has a positive impact on the biography text skills. Thus, the model Project Based Learning terbuktif is effective in improving the skills of biography text writing.

This research discusses the analysis of students' learning difficulties in understanding cube building material. Mathematics is a basic science that must be studied from an early age because it is closely related to other sciences in order to advance to the next level. The research was created to solve students' learning difficulties at SD Negeri 104208 Cinta Rakyat. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. The results obtained are that students still lack understanding of the material that has been presented by the teacher in the process of teaching and learning activities, there are many students who do not understand the material explained by the teacher. It can be seen that students' learning difficulties are also determined by low interest in learning and Lack of understanding of the material taught. Several factors include disinterest in mathematics and ineffective use of learning media. This research suggests that schools are expected to innovate in the use of learning media and learning methods that are changed and adapted to students' learning needs and interests.

This study aims to examine effective learning strategies in improving elementary school students' understanding of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) mathematics questions through a numeracy approach. The numeracy approach is an ability that not only involves numeracy skills, but also understanding and applying mathematical concepts in the context of everyday life so that students can think critically, analytically, and creatively. The method used in this study is a literature study that examines various scientific sources related to the application of numeracy and the development of HOTS in mathematics learning at the elementary school level. The results of the study indicate that learning strategies such as problem-based learning, Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education (PMRI), collaborative learning, the use of interactive media, and integrated numeracy formative assessments are very effective in helping students master HOTS questions. In addition, the development of metacognitive abilities and adjusting strategies to student characteristics are also important factors for successful learning. The numeracy approach that links mathematical concepts to real contexts can increase students' learning motivation and active involvement so that understanding of HOTS questions can increase significantly. This study recommends that teachers integrate the numeracy approach in the planning and implementation of mathematics learning in order to produce meaningful learning that is oriented towards the development of students' high-order thinking skills.

This article aims to explore the importance of contextual learning in improving elementary students' understanding of scientific concepts through a literature review method. The analysis of various sources reveals that the contextual approach enhances students’ learning motivation, active engagement, and conceptual understanding. Learning linked to everyday experiences allows students to construct deeper and more sustainable meanings. Moreover, real-world contexts help develop students' critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Literature studies indicate that integrating contextual approaches into science learning creates a more meaningful and enjoyable learning environment. Previous research also demonstrates improved student achievement in science when contextual learning is applied consistently and systematically. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers design instructional strategies based on local and relevant contexts. In conclusion, contextual learning significantly contributes to enhancing elementary students' understanding of science concepts and deserves to be a primary approach in the basic education curriculum.

The use of instructional media is expected to address learning challenges, particularly early reading difficulties among students. This study aims to develop a syllable card learning media that is valid, practical, and effective. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model, involving 29 second-grade students at MIS Ar Rahman.  The research results indicate that syllable cards help students overcome reading difficulties. Validity tests by media and content experts yielded an average score of 86% (highly valid). Practicality was assessed through a teacher response questionnaire, scoring 96% (highly practical). Effectiveness was tested using a Pretest-Posttest approach, resulting in an N-Gain Score of 76% (effective category), with the students’ average pretest score at 57.9 and posttest score improving to 90.1.

Indonesian and German originate from different language families, namely Austronesian and Germanic. This distinction leads to significant grammatical differences between the two languages. This article explores key aspects that differentiate Indonesian and German grammar, including sentence structure, case system, verb conjugation, article usage, and compound word formation. Understanding these differences helps language learners avoid common mistakes and enhance their proficiency in both languages. This study is supported by various sources from recent books and academic articles to provide a more comprehensive analysis.

Instilling the value of unity from an early age is essential in shaping a young generation with tolerance and the ability to live harmoniously in diversity. However, the teaching of Pancasila in elementary schools is still largely carried out through conventional approaches that inadequately address students’ affective development. Instruction often remains teacher-centered and lacks interaction, making it difficult for students to internalize national values in their daily lives. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of implementing the Think Pair Share (TPS) model in enhancing students’ understanding of the value of unity in sixth-grade Pancasila education. The research employed a qualitative approach using a literature review method. Data were collected from scholarly journals, books, and relevant studies published between 2020 and 2025. The data were analyzed using content analysis techniques to explore the patterns of TPS implementation and its impact on students’ comprehension of unity. The findings reveal that the TPS model fosters a collaborative, inclusive, and participatory learning environment, enabling students to grasp and internalize the value of unity more deeply. The stages of TPS—thinking, pairing, and sharing—provide students with opportunities to express opinions, listen to others' perspectives, and reach shared understanding. In addition to improving academic outcomes, this model also significantly contributes to the development of character and social attitudes. In conclusion, the TPS model is an effective and relevant teaching strategy for instilling Pancasila values, particularly unity, within the context of 21st-century learning and the Merdeka Curriculum, which emphasizes active, contextual, and character-based education.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how Social Studies is taught in private primary schools using the National Curriculum framework, namely the Independent Curriculum. The study focuses on teaching methods, character education integration, and the various enabling and impeding elements that influence curriculum implementation. To gain a thorough understanding of instructors' experiences presenting the curriculum, a qualitative research approach with a basic qualitative design was employed. Three teachers from grades 4, 5, and 6 at MIS Hayatul Islamiyah, Depok, were selected using purposive sampling, and the population consists of social studies instructors at private primary schools. Semi-structured interviews accompanied by field notes and documentation were used to gather data. An open-ended interview guide encompassing topics such as lesson planning, teaching techniques, evaluation tactics, and the integration of character education served as the primary tool. As teachers navigate opportunities and challenges in connecting their curriculum with national education goals, the data reveal a range of dynamics in the implementation process. In addition to offering suggestions for improving the standard of Social Studies education moving forward, this study provides a comprehensive overview of current practices in private school settings.

The research model (Mix Method) is an approach that combines quantitative and qualitative methods in one study to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of a phenomenon. The purpose of this writing is to explain the nature of the mixed research model (mix method), the importance of the mixed research model (mix method) in research, the types of mixed research (mix method) in research, the steps of the mixed research model (mix method) in research and what are the advantages and disadvantages of the mixture (mix method) in research. In this writing, the author uses the library research method, the author collects data from reference sources from various literatures such as books, journal articles, research reports, and other literature sources in accordance with the topic of discussion. The results in this paper show that the mixed research model (mix method) provides flexibility in research design and increases the validity of the results.

Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) is an effective approach to improve mathematics learning outcomes while providing students with opportunities to gain real experience in understanding mathematical concepts. Data analysis used by comparing two cycles obtained from student learning evaluation results. The results of the study illustrate that there was a significant increase after using a realistic approach. This study aims to improve the understanding of the concept of distance between points in MA AISYIYAH PALEMBANG students using a realistic approach. This method uses the Class Level Approach (CAR) research method which is carried out in two cycles. Data were collected through conceptual understanding, observation, and documentation.

Case study research is one of the methodologies in qualitative research that seeks to investigate phenomena comprehensively in a real-world context. This paper provides a comprehensive discussion of case study research design, covering various aspects ranging from definitions and types to the steps involved in implementation. Various types of case studies are explained based on expert opinions, including intrinsic, instrumental, and collective case studies, along with classifications of explanatory, exploratory, descriptive, and others. Furthermore, the systematic phases involved in conducting case study research are detailed, including problem formulation, data collection and analysis, and reporting of results. Focus on the use of triangulation techniques and contextual approaches are essential to ensure the validity of findings. By gaining an in-depth understanding of this design, it is hoped that students and researchers will be able to design case studies appropriately and make significant scientific contributions.
                                                                                                                                       
 
 

The Discovery Learning model has advantages, including fostering a sense of enjoyment in students due to the excitement of discovery that always leads to success. This encourages students to direct their own learning activities, engaging their minds and motivation during the learning process in class. This research aims to improve the learning motivation of fourth-grade students at Elementary School 219/IV Alam Barajo Jambi through the application of the Discovery Learning model. This study uses a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method with two cycles. The results show that the application of the Discovery Learning model can enhance student learning motivation, marked by increased activeness, interest, and awareness in the learning process. This research implies that the Discovery Learning model can be an alternative for teachers to improve student learning motivation in elementary schools. Based on observations, student learning improved by 16% from cycle I to cycle II, while teacher activity increased by 15%. The learning completeness rate rose from 2.3% (pre-cycle) to 68.3% (cycle I) and reached 89.4% (cycle II). These findings demonstrate that the Discovery Learning model effectively enhances the learning motivation of fourth-grade students at Elementary School 219/IV Alam Barajo Jambi in Pancasila Education learning.

This study presents an analysis of the characteristics of Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in the questions found in the chapter on human body structure and function in an eighth-grade textbook aligned with the Merdeka Curriculum used at SMP Muhammadiyah 10 Bandung. The aim of this research is to identify the characteristics of HOTS questions contained in the textbook. The method employed in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach, wherein the content is analyzed by grouping questions categorized as HOTS, analyzing the characteristics of HOTS question types, and categorizing the questions to determine whether they qualify as HOTS. The data is then recorded on an identification sheet. The results indicate that most of the questions meet HOTS criteria, accounting for 68%, while a smaller portion falls under the category of Lower-Order Thinking Skills (LOTS). The HOTS questions take four forms: case excerpts, images, graphs, and tables. This research is expected to contribute to the development of question items that align with the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum..
 

Psychological assessment plays an important role in guidance and counseling, especially in understanding the psychological condition of the client and increasing the effectiveness of the intervention provided. This study aims to explore the function of psychological assessment in guidance and counseling, analyze its benefits in improving the quality of services, and identify the challenges faced in its implementation. The research method used is a literature study with a descriptive and exploratory approach, which aims to analyze data from various academic sources related to psychological assessment. The results of the study indicate that systematic assessment can help counselors understand clients, find appropriate intervention strategies, and launch client development after receiving intervention. However, challenges in implementing assessments, such as limited valid measuring instruments and client resistance, are still obstacles to its effectiveness. The implications of this study indicate that improving the quality of assessment through counselor training, developing more adaptive assessment methods, and educating clients can improve the effectiveness of guidance and counseling as well as individual psychological well-being.

Learning assessment at the primary school and madrasah level plays an important role in supporting a holistic education process. This study aims to explore teachers' understanding of formative and authentic assessments and the challenges they face in implementing them. Data shows that around 60% of teachers still rely on written test-based summative assessments, which tend to measure limited cognitive abilities and can cause stress in students. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, this research involved interviews with teachers and analysis of learning documents. Results show that teachers' understanding of formative and authentic assessments greatly affects the effectiveness of their implementation. Teachers who understand the importance of formative assessment are better able to provide constructive feedback, while an understanding of authentic assessment allows them to design tasks that are relevant to the real context. Challenges such as limited training and the habit of using traditional methods are still obstacles. This study recommends the need for continuous training for teachers to improve their understanding and skills in designing more diverse and effective assessments. Thus, it is expected that assessments can create more engaging learning experiences and support students' holistic development.

The poem titled "Nyanyian Angsa" by W.S. Rendra is one of his works rich in meaning, especially in a social context. In the digital era, revisiting this work through cyber literature offers a new perspective that is more accessible to readers. This study aims to explore how the intrinsic elements of the poem can be objectively analyzed within the digital media domain. The objective of this research is to reveal the structure and intrinsic components that shape "Nyanyian Angsa", enabling readers to gain a deeper understanding of the poem's overall meaning. This study employs a descriptive method with an objective approach, focusing on the poem's text itself as the main data source, with reference to its intrinsic literary elements. The findings reveal that "Nyanyian Angsa" demonstrates intertextuality with the story of Maria Zaitun, previously published as a novel by Joko Santoso. The poem also forms a strong yet free narrative structure. The analysis shows that aesthetic value and message remain intact even when presented in digital form. This affirms that cyber literature can serve as an effective medium to revive and reintroduce classical literary works.

This study examines ethnomathematics in traditional tools of the Malay ethnic group at the North Sumatra Provincial Museum, encompassing ceremonial and livelihood tools. The research employs a qualitative approach using ethnographic methods to explore the mathematical concepts embedded in these objects. Ceremonial tools such as bentan, tiered trays, incense burners, and glass holders were analyzed based on geometric concepts such as circles, cylinders, ratios, and sequences, while livelihood tools such as goat hoofs, horns, sickle, and one-sided fish traps represent spatial geometry, symmetry, and volume concepts. The findings reveal that these traditional objects not only serve practical purposes but also contain mathematical and philosophical values reflecting Malay culture. These tools can be utilized as context-based mathematics learning media, helping students understand mathematics through the lens of local culture. This study emphasizes the significant role of ethnomathematics in integrating education with cultural preservation while strengthening local identity in the era of globalization.

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of seventh grade students on the material of Linear Equation One Variable (PLSV) and Linear Inequality One Variable (PtSLV) through the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model. This research is a Classroom Action Research (PTK) conducted in two cycles at Bustanul Ulum Pakusari Islamic Junior High School. Each cycle consists of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The results showed that in cycle I the average score of students was 69.3 with a completeness rate of 69%, while in cycle II there was an increase in the average score to 74.3 with a completeness rate of 74%. In addition, the activeness of students in the learning process increased from 76% in cycle I to 100% in cycle II. The application of the PBL model is able to increase the active involvement and learning motivation of female students, and has a positive impact on improving learning outcomes. Thus, the application of the PBL model is effective in improving the quality of mathematics learning, especially in PLSV and PtSLV material.

This study aims: 1) To determine whether or not there is an influence of the Open Ended Approach on solving mathematical problems of class X APHP students of SMK Negeri 1 Sukaluyu Cianjur, 2) To determine the increase in mathematical problem solving abilities of class X APHP students of SMK Negeri 1 Sukaluyu Cianjur, 3) To determine the effect of the open ended learning approach on mathematical problem solving abilities. The research method used is quasi experimental. The sampling used is Purposive Sampling. The target population in this study were all students at SMK Negeri 1 Sukaluyu Cianjur who were registered in the even semester of the 2024/2025 academic year consisting of 2 classes. The results of the study showed that the open ended learning approach can present more interesting mathematics learning and students become more active in participating. During the study, the researcher observed the learning process. When students are taught using the open ended learning approach, students become more interested in learning to solve mathematical problems.

Character education is an important aspect in supporting moral development in students. Through character education, students can be equipped with strong moral values, so that they can become individuals with good character and contribute positively to society. Character education can help students develop the ability to think critically, make the right decisions, and behave ethically. In addition, character education can also help students develop an awareness of the importance of moral values, such as honesty, empathy, and responsibility. Thus, character education is very important in supporting moral development in students and helping them become individuals with good character and contribute positively to society. Therefore, character education needs to be a priority in the education system, so that students can be equipped with strong moral values ??and become individuals with good character.

Education plays a pivotal role in Indonesia's national development, as it significantly impacts the quality of human resources. Consequently, the government prioritizes education by aiming to develop students who are devoted to God Almighty, knowledgeable, and possess noble character. Educational personnel, particularly school principals, hold a strategic position in achieving these objectives. A school principal's leadership is essential in managing educational resources, collaborating with teachers and staff, and guiding students toward learning goals. In a decentralized education system, principals function as top administrators with multiple roles, including manager, supervisor, educator, leader, innovator, and motivator. However, educational challenges often stem from distortions in meaning and practice, which contribute to declining education quality. As the primary agent of school leadership, the principal must demonstrate professional competence to identify school needs, empower existing resources, and involve the community in achieving educational goals. The concept of modern schools—such as model and exemplary schools—has emerged in response to society’s demand for quality education. In this context, the school principal is required to lead with strategic planning, administrative effectiveness, and inspiring leadership to ensure school success and student achievement. This study explores the multifaceted role of the school principal in improving educational quality, emphasizing their responsibilities in management, leadership, educational support, and administration. It concludes that professional and competent principals are essential for shaping a school environment conducive to educational excellence and preparing competitive human resources in the global era.

This study aims to explore the influence of self-reward on the learning motivation of PGSD (Primary School Teacher Education) students at Universitas Negeri Padang. Self-reward refers to a form of self-appreciation given by individuals after achieving specific goals or completing tasks. This research employed a qualitative approach through interviews and observations involving several students. The pre-test results indicated that most students had a moderate level of learning motivation, with an average score of 65 out of 100. After implementing self-reward strategies such as buying food, playing games, going to karaoke, and taking class trips students demonstrated increased motivation, with the post-test average score rising to 78. Students reported feeling more enthusiastic, confident, and consistent in engaging with academic activities after practicing self-reward. Additionally, self-reward served as an effective coping mechanism to combat academic fatigue and boredom. In conclusion, self-reward plays a significant role in enhancing students’ learning motivation and can be considered a recommended personal development strategy in higher education settings.

This study aims to improve students' mathematics learning outcomes through the implementation of Lesson Study with the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach. Lesson Study was conducted in two cycles following the Plan-Do-See stages, involving teacher collaboration in planning, implementing, and reflecting on the learning process. The CTL approach was utilized to connect mathematics material to real-life contexts, making learning more meaningful and relevant. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of Lesson Study with the CTL approach significantly enhances students' understanding of the material, strengthens their engagement in learning, and provides a more effective learning experience. These findings suggest that the combination of Lesson Study and CTL can be an effective strategy in mathematics instruction to improve students' learning outcomes.

This study aims to analyze the difficulties of grade 4 students in understanding the concept of fractions and their impact on mathematics learning. The research participants consisted of 4th grade students at an elementary school in City Research finds that many students have difficulty understanding the concept of fractions, especially in dividing fractions, simplifying, and comparing fractions. Apart from that, it was also found that this difficulty was related to a lack of understanding of basic number concepts and poor basic mathematical operation skills. The results of this research indicate that there is a need to improve the structure and focus of learning so that students understand the concepts better. The use of more interactive learning media also needs to be considered to increase student understanding. The aim of this research is to help grade 4 students overcome difficulties in understanding the concept of fractions in mathematics learning. Through interactive learning, it is hoped that the mathematics learning process can be improved.

This study aims to improve the literacy skills of fifth-grade students at SDN Citarik III through the implementation of thematic learning. The method used in this research is Classroom Action Research (CAR), which was conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The results of the study showed significant improvement in the students' literacy skills, reflected in the increased literacy test scores and active student involvement in group discussions. The thematic learning approach successfully enhanced students' reading, writing, and critical thinking skills. This improvement was more evident in the second cycle, where the majority of students showed significant progress in their literacy abilities.

The purpose of this study is to test the validity, level of practice, and effectiveness of PPT media in the form of hyperlinks to improve the learning outcomes of grade V students of SDN Ngepon 1. The research method is Research and Development (RnD) and the ADDIE method consists of stages in Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate. The results of the validation of the media validator are 86.6%, the material validator is 96.3%, the language and number validator is 88.8%, the results of the teacher questionnaire are 87%, while the student questionnaire is 95% of 31 students. Indicates that the results of the study are valid assessments of PPT media with effective values, and product trials.

Education policy functions as a framework that sets educational standards and goals, so as to ensure that all students have equal access to resources and learning opportunities. Through the development of relevant curricula and quality teacher training, education policies can improve teacher competency, which in turn has a positive impact on student learning outcomes. In addition, educational policies also include systematic monitoring and evaluation to identify areas of improvement, thereby enabling the necessary adjustment strategies to meet students' needs more effectively. This research aims to determine the role of change management in order to determine the role of educational policy in improving the quality of education for students. In this research, qualitative methods were used through literature. Well-designed education policies can improve access to education for all students. Education policy also plays an important role in improving the quality of teaching through continuous training for teachers. Participation of parents and communities in supporting educational policies.

This research aims to see the effect of the project based learning model on the ability to understand concepts in fraction material in fourth grade elementary school. This type of research is a quantitative approach and uses a quasi-experiment method. The design in this study was a nonequivalent control group design, namely using two classes, namely class IVB as the experimental class and IVA as the control class which was obtained randomly. The experimental class will be given PjBL learning model treatment and the control class will receive conventional treatment. This study gave a pre-test to both classes before giving treatment to both classes and gave a post-test to the class after receiving treatment. Based on the results of the hypothesis test data analysis that the researchers carried out, significant independent t-test results obtained for the initial and final values ??of the experimental class and control class were 0.027. Based on these results, a significant value of 0.027 <0.05 was obtained, so Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected. Thus, it can be concluded that there is an influence of the project based learning model on the ability to understand concepts in fraction material in class IV elementary school.

This research aims to describe (1) to determine the Madrasah Management at MTs N 2 Deli Serdang in supporting and optimizing the implementation of extracurricular activities as an effort to improve student learning achievement (2) to determine the extent of the contribution of extracurricular activities to increasing student learning achievement at MTs N 2 Deli Serdang (3) to find out the obstacles faced by madrasas in managing extracurricular activities and how they affect student learning achievement. This research uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The subjects in the research were the Head of Madrasah, Deputy Head of Curriculum, Extracurricular Advisor and students. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation. Data collection analysis carried out data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. And based on the results of research that researchers have conducted, extracurricular activities have run well in accordance with the planning, organization, implementation and supervision that the madrasah has carried out.

This research aims to determine the perceptions of Elementary Schools English teachers towards the implementation of Merdeka Curriculum. This research used a qualitative descriptive method. The data is collected by using questionnaires. This research involved 9 English teachers in Lubuklinggau Timur I of Elementary Schools. The results showed that English teachers have a positive perceptions of Merdeka Curriculum. In conclusion, Merdeka Curriculum has many positive impacts on students, teachers, and the teaching and learning process. The positive impact on students is that students became more active, independent, and improvement based on student interests. In addition, a positive impact on teachers are given self-independent in the teaching and learning process. The teachers are free to express ideas about how to teach and keep the classroom atmosphere more comfortable.

This study aims to measure the effectiveness of using the traditional game "engklek" for teaching English vocabulary mastery of grade 6 students at SDN Mlaten, Mojokerto. This research used a quantitative approach with a one group pretest-posttest design. The research sample consisted of students in grades 6A and 6B at SDN Mlaten. Data was collected through pretest and posttest to measure students' vocabulary mastery before and after intervention. Data analysis was conducted using paired t-test statistical test to determine the significance of the value results. The results showed that there was a significant change in students' English vocabulary mastery after participating in learning using the traditional game "engklek".  The average score of the pretest was 56.73 and the average score of the posttest was 82.65. The test carried out also produced positive results because the sig level. is below or less than alpha (0.00 < 0.05). This has implications for rejecting the null hypothesis (H0) and accepting the alternative hypothesis (Ha). The use of the traditional game "engklek" has proven effective for teaching English vocabulary mastery at primary school.

Kurikulum 2013 memiliki tujuan mempersiapkan manusia Indonesia agar memiliki kemampuan hidup sebagai pribadi dan warga Negara yang beriman, produktif, kreatif, inovatif dan efektif serta mampu berkontribusi pada kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, bernegara dan peradaban dunia. Untuk mewujudkan tujuan tersebut peran guru dilingkungan sekolah sangatlah penting dalam membentuk keterampilan siswa khususnya dalam matapelajaran biologi kelas X MIPA di SMA Negeri 1 Salo. Dimana proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan masih bersifat konvensional dimana guru menerangkan dan siswa mendengar, mencatat, melakukan tanya jawab seadanya serta menyelesaikan tugas dan latihan. Dengan model pembelajaran tersebut belum mampu meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian tindakan kelas penerapan media gambar sebagai model pembelajaran biologi materi virus pada kelas X MIPA di SMA Negeri 1 Salo. Pelaksanaan PTK dilakukan dengan 2 siklus dengan proses perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah penerapan media gambar untuk proses pembelajaran materi virus matapelajaran biologi berhasil meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran siswa dengan tingkatan hasil belajar siswa pada nilai 80-100(Baik) dan lebih tinggi dari nilai KKM yang berada pada nilai 75

Islam teaches the importance of tolerance and peace between individuals, whether they are of the same religion or those of different religions. Multiculturalism is a topic that is increasingly being discussed lately. Increased interest in the issue of multiculturalism is in line with progress in education that is free from restrictions. Multiculturalism education can help individuals to appreciate differences with a high level of tolerance, which is in accordance with Islamic values ??in social interactions in society. Through this education, students can strengthen their personal character and find an identity that is consistent with their knowledge, especially in Islamic Religious Education, which emphasizes the main characteristics of Muslim behavior.
 

This research is motivated by the low learning outcomes of first-grade students in the subject of mathematics, specifically in the topic of grouping and presenting data in the form of lists and tables. The aim of this study is to investigate the improvement of first-grade students' learning outcomes in mathematics through the implementation of the problem-based learning model using a culturally responsive teaching approach. This research is classified as a classroom action research conducted in two cycles. The subjects of this study are 27 first-grade students from SDN Putat Jaya IV-380 Surabaya. Data for this research were collected through observations and tests, and were analyzed using quantitative descriptive methods. The results indicate that implementing problem-based learning through a culturally responsive teaching approach can enhance students' learning outcomes in mathematics, specifically in the topic of grouping and presenting data in the form of lists and tables. The average pre-cycle learning outcome was 69.55, which increased to 78.51 after the first cycle of PBL implementation, and further improved to 90.88 in the second cycle. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the problem-based learning model through culturally responsive teaching is effective in enhancing the learning outcomes of first-grade students in mathematics at SDN Putat Jaya IV-380 Surabaya..
 

This article aims to describe the implementation of flipbook media in teaching short story writing in class XI SMA Negeri 16 Semarang. The problem in this study is that there is no use of instructional media to construct short story texts in class XI students. Therefore, researchers try to apply flipbook media, especially in learning to compose short story texts. The article that the researcher wrote is a conceptual article. Conceptual article contains ideas In this article data is obtained by direct observation in class. While writing this article is done by identifying and seeking information from relevant data, analyzing the results, then developing and conveying ideas based on the researcher's understanding. Learning outcomes are expected to be more optimal with the use of learning media that is not boring for students. The solution that can be used with these problems is the use of flipbook media. The use of flipbook learning media is expected to be able to overcome the difficulties experienced by students in learning to write short story texts and students are not easily bored in participating in learning.
 

This research aims to comprehensively examine students’ mathematical proof abilities, including the factors that influence them and the efforts that can be made to improve these abilities. The method used in this study is a systematic literature review by analyzing various related research articles published in reputable scientific journals such as Springer Link and Semanthic Scholar. The results of the study show that students’ mathematical proof abilities are still relatively low, influenced by various factors such as conceptual understanding, reasoning ability, and experience in constructing proof. Several ways that can be done to improve students’ mathematical proof skills include developing teaching materials, implementing learning models that encourage proof activities, and providing systematic training and feedback. This study provides important implications for the development of mathematics learning in higher education, especially in efforts to improve students’ mathematical proof skills.

The research conducted this time focuses on analyzing imperative pragmatic sentences which include illocutionary acts in the procedure text contained in the Indonesian language book for junior high school grade VII of the Merdeka Curriculum. The purpose of this study is to analyze imperative sentences and find the types of imperative sentences used in procedure texts. The analysis technique used in this research is descriptive qualitative. This study uses two data collection techniques, namely listening and recording techniques. The listening technique applied is the free listening technique, because the analysis does not involve conversation. The data analysis method used in this research is using agih method and shown with formal and informal methods. Based on the results of the research conducted, it is found that the conclusion in the analysis of the procedure text shows the imperative sentences used in the text. In this research, imperative sentences are found that can be classified into various types. The author finds several types of imperative sentences, namely sentences that belong to the imperative of smooth, sentences that are part of the imperative of request, sentences that are imperative of request, imperative sentences of invitation, and sentences that are imperative of hope. The imperative meaning found in this study contains the intention to be able to command or request addressed to someone with the purpose of doing something.

Information technology is advancing increasingly rapidly, especially in the era of society 5.0. Manual implementation has almost disappeared due to technological advances in programming. Today's activities or jobs tend to emphasize us being experts in using computers. In the era of society 5.0, logical thinking is very necessary in understanding the elements of combining mathematics and computer programming algorithms because the two are interrelated. The literature analysis method used in writing this article is to determine the actualization of this programming algorithm. The collection of this article was searched by searching books and several previous articles which were then developed by developing the titles of previous articles using bibliometric methods. So it is hoped that the development of technological science can run smoothly with the participation of programming algorithms in it so that mathematics education students are able to improve the quality of the combination of technological and mathematical sciences in the era of society 5.0.
 

This study examines the Material Requirement Planning (MRP) method in planning the production of Dewi Passion Fruit syrup. Through a literature study approach, collecting articles or journals related to production planning, determining order size and MRP. The results showed that the results of forecasting the demand for passion fruit syrup were 87,751 liters with passion fruit raw materials of 175,502 kg and sugar of 87,751kg. As well as based on the Material Requirement Planning (MRP) method and lot sizing techniques which include Silver Meal Algorithm and Wagner Within Algorithm, the one used in this study is Silver Meal Algorithm because it has a smaller total order cost and storage cost than Wagner Within Algorithm.

This research aims to study methods that can be used to test paired sample data in parametric and nonparametric statistics. Parametric statistics are used if the data sample meets certain assumptions, namely normal distribution and a minimum interval measurement scale. Meanwhile, if these assumptions are not met, you can use nonparametric. This research data was generated randomly to be applied to the paired sample test and the Wilcoxon test. These tests were applied to test the difference in averages before treatment and after treatment. The test results show that for normally distributed data using the paired t test it is proven that there is a difference between the averages before and after treatment. The same thing applies to data with an exponential distribution which is tested using Wilcoxon, that there is a difference in the average before treatment and after treatment.

Real analysis is a course that requires formal proof of a formal definition. Almost all students have difficulty learning real analysis. These problems require the provision of learning models that can serve students who learn real analysis. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview or description of the Model to improve the quality of real analysis lectures. The method used in this study is Systematic Literature Review. The results of the study concluded that models to improve the quality of real analysis lectures are very diverse. Learning models such as the use of Flow Proof and Extended Triad Level ++ Learning Models, to the application of learning modules such as Project-Based Learning Modules can be effectively and efficiently used to improve the quality of real analysis lectures.

Board games are one of the learning media to increase student interest in a subject. And on this occasion I made "Domino Match". And to determine the material to be applied I did it to a high school (SMA). Based on interviews with two material experts at the school, I know that the material is quite difficult for the students there, namely the Matrix. So I apply the matrix material to a game in the form of domoni cards, with the hope that their interest will arise and their perspective on Mathematics.  The selection of game tools in the learning process can be adjusted to the characteristics and needs of these students. Then in designing or making a game tool in general based on criteria that are in accordance with the cognitive development of students. Based on the results of the research there are 4 (four) factors that affect the low student learning outcomes, namely, the lack of student interest in mathematics, lack of student concentration during the process learning, low understanding of student concepts, and lack of student discipline. 

The use of interactive digital-based learning media has become an increasingly important topic in the field of education, especially at MI Azzainiyah II. This media offers the potential to enhance students' literacy and numeracy skills and enrich their learning experiences. However, to maximize its benefits, it is important to understand the perceptions and experiences of students, teachers, and educational staff regarding the use of this media. This research utilizes an interview approach as the primary method for data collection. Interviews are conducted with two groups of participants: students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Azzainiyah II and teachers/educational staff involved in the use of interactive learning media. The interview questions focus on the students' level of literacy and numeracy, their learning experiences, the effectiveness of learning media, and the challenges faced by teachers in integrating this media into the curriculum. From the results of the interviews with students, it is expected to reveal how interactive learning media contributes to improving their literacy and numeracy skills. Furthermore, students' perceptions and experiences in using this media will also be analyzed. From the interviews with teachers and educational staff, the effectiveness of using this learning media in enhancing classroom learning will be discussed. The challenges faced by teachers in integrating this media and the solutions they propose will also be an important part of the discussion. The results of this research are expected to provide valuable insights for further development in the use of interactive learning media at MI Azzainiyah II.

Students feel physics is a difficult subject and full of formulas, the amount of subject matter that must be memorized, lack of motivation from within students to learn physics, and the inaccuracy of models, methods, and learning media used by teachers, so that learning activities feel bored and boring. Theaim of the research to determine student learning outcomes using the Discovery Learning model assisted by Powerpoint media. This type of research is quantitative research. From the data analysis, the average score of the experimental class was 10.32 with a classification standard of 2.19 and the average score of the control class was 10.06 with a division standard of 2.08. In the normality test for the experimental class obtained Lcount< Ltable = 0.066 < 0.246 and in the control class Lcalculate< Ltable = 0.056<0.234 then both classes have normal distributed data. In the homogeneity test of the data of both samples obtained Fhityoung ? Ftabel = 0.429 < 0.657 then both samples came from samples that Homogeneous. The results of the t test are obtained tcount>t table = 2.021 > 1.684 so that Ha is accepted. Thus, this study shows that there is a significant influence on the discovery learning learning model using PowerPoint media on student learning outcomes at SMAN 1 Tanoh Alas.

This research aims to answer the problems that have been raised/explained above, while the aim of this research is to describe the improvement in learning outcomes using the inquiry learning model with the help of image media in Class IV B SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan. In the P2K implementation carried out at SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan, the research subjects were 28 Class IV B students at SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan, of which the total number of students was 16 women and 12 men. This was carried out in 2 cycles, the first cycle had 3 meetings and the second cycle had 3 meetings. Evaluation in class is carried out in the form of questions and evaluation questions. During the learning process, there is a change in students' attitudes during the learning process in accordance with the results of observations, namely by implementing the guided inquiry learning model assisted by image media, it can increase students' self-confidence to ask both the teacher and their friends about material they do not understand and can increase student attendance. .Data collection was carried out through observing teacher activities and observing student activities. The number of students is 28 people; The results of initial observations made in cycle I were only 62%, increasing to 82% in cycle II. With this increase, it can be concluded that the application of image media can improve the writing skills of grade 4 students at SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan.
 

The background of this research, there are various kinds of problems related to the professional competence of certified teachers. By strengthening professional competence, it is hoped that the competence of certified teachers will increase. The purpose of this study was to analyze and describe: 1) Strengthening the competence of certified teachers in SD Region IV Cluster Rajadesa District, Ciamis Regency; 2) Obstacles faced by certified teachers in strengthening their professional competence in SD Region IV Group, Rajadesa District, Ciamis Regency; 3) Efforts made by certified teachers in strengthening their professional competence in SD Region IV Group, Rajadesa District, Ciamis Regency. The research method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The informants in this study included school principals and certified teachers. The results of the study show that 1) Strengthening the professional competence of certified teachers in SD Region Gugus IV Rajadesa District, Ciamis Regency in terms of the aspect of professional competence is generally in the criteria of being effective so that it can be said to be good. However, there are aspects that need to be improved, namely the use of technology-based media and learning resources, understanding research in learning and participating in implementing student development; 2) There are obstacles faced by certified teachers in strengthening their professional competence in SD Region IV Group, Rajadesa District, Ciamis Regency; 3) There are efforts made by certified teachers in improving their professional competence in SD Region Cluster IV, Rajadesa District, Ciamis Regency.

Leadership of transformasional has a positive relationship with subordinate commitment. Transformational leaders are also able to inspire their subordinates to be committed to the vision and mission of the organization's goals, as well as creating strong emotional bonds between leaders and subordinates. This research is based on the context of Islamic educational institutions which require a transformative leader to be able to keep up with changes in line with the times. Through the library research research method, this research explores the components of transformative leadership in Islamic educational institutions. This research provides insight into the contribution of transformative leadership components in leading an Islamic educational institution that can bring change and give rise to innovation.
 
 
 
 

This research was aimed to find out whether the implementation of Project Based Learning can be effectively increasing students’ writing skills. Quantitative method was used in this research by giving pre-test and post-test in order to know the students’ productivity in writing. There were 25 students as the participants.  They were in the fifth semester in which 13 students became the experimental class and the 12 students became the controlled class. The mean score showed that the pretest was 50 and the score of the posttest was 76,15. The percentage and frequency of the students’ score on the pretest for experimental class showed that 7 or 54% got an average score, 5 or 38% got a poor score, and 1 or 8% got a very poor score. While, after the researcher conducted the project based learning, the posttest showed that 5 or 38% of students got very good scores, 2 or 15% of students got a good score and 6 or 46% students got an average score. There was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest. based on the result, there was a significant difference between the experimental class and the controlled class in their writing achievement. Hence, the implementation of project based learning was effective in increasing students' writing ability in writing news.

One mathematical model in the form of a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations is the predator-prey model. The predator-prey model explains population changes of one prey population and one predator population due to changes in time. The radial basis function network method is used to find a numerical solution to the predator-prey model. The radial basis function network method can directly approximate the function and derivative of the prey-prey model using a basis function. The basis function used is a multiquadric basis function. Numerical solutions using the radial basis function network method obtained from this research show high accuracy and low error. The absolute error obtained from the two simulations with ?t = 0.01 each is 0.0066 in the first simulation and 0.022 in the second simulation. The errors obtained are relatively small because each only represents 0.66% of the initial value of the first type and 0.5% of the initial value of the second type. This shows that the radial basis function network method is efficient in calculating the predator-prey model solution.

This research aims to improve students' disciplinary character through Pancasila material using holistic methods. The holistic method has four important aspects, namely: mental, physical, emotional and spiritual. The results of this research show that the holistic method is very effective in improving students' disciplinary character. Students not only understand the principles of Pancasila cognitively, but can also apply the principles of Pancasila in everyday life. Students show an increase in discipline, responsibility and emotional control. This research shows that the holistic method can be an effective method for improving the disciplinary character of students through Pancasila material in elementary schools, which will make students become people who are balanced, have integrity, and are able to apply Pancasila values in everyday life.

Problem solving ability is one of the problems still faced in mathematics learning. Problem solving abilities function as a learning method to train and support problem solving abilities in mathematics problems. The aim of this research is to describe the level of students’ problem solving abilities based on the polya procedure. Judging from the stages of understanding the problem, planning, implementing planning, and looking back. This type of research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection using problem solving ability tests and interviews. The research was conducted on third semester Informatics engineering students at Stella Maris University, Sumba. The result of the research results of the problem solving ability test were included in the quite good category. There are several factors that become obstacles for students, namely (1) the process of solving questions is not coherent and does not match the steps for solving the problem, (2) some students are confused about identifying elements that are known and asked about and, (3) in learning students tend to remain silent when found difficulty in solving the questions given..

Developing scientific literacy in students is the main objective of any reform in science education. Scientific literacy is one of the most significant competencies of the 21st century. One problem with science education in Indonesia is that students fail to give enough attention to the knowledge that has already been taught, which results in a lack of scientific comprehension. By observing how the student responded to the student's collaboration abilities during their chemical studies from the viewpoint of the chemical literacy teacher, the study was trying to figure out how well second-year students understood chemical literacy on the level of a problem. In order to ascertain high school chemical literacy, a descriptive research design and quantitative methodology were employed in the study. The interview guides and chemical literacy questionnaires, which provide data on students' understanding of chemical literacy, are the study's instruments. Students from high schools in cities and villages, both regular and vocational, are the subjects of the study. Studies show that 39% of respondents agreed that high school students had very little understanding of the concept of chemistry. It is further supported by the opinions of a few of the chemical teachers who teach the XI class.

This research aims to determine the effect of using colored text on student learning outcomes in opportunity material and to see students' interest in learning using colored text. This research design uses Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Test questions and questionnaires were used as research instruments. Test questions are given with the aim of measuring student learning outcomes before being given treatment and after being given treatment. Meanwhile, questionnaires are used to determine students' responses to learning whether using colored text or only black and white text. The data analysis technique used is the t-test with a significance level of ? = 5% or 0.05. With these calculations, the tcount value is 5.593 and the ttable value is 2.008, so tcount > ttable. So it can be concluded that there is an influence of the use of colored text on student learning outcomes in opportunity material. Based on the validity and reliability test on the research instrument, the calculated r value > r table was obtained so that all items in the questionnaire were valid. Meanwhile, in the reliability test, it was found that the data was reliable.

Acid-base topic is considered as a difficult topic by high school students of SMAN 3 Padang Panjang. This is proofed by the result of their mark that showed 80.2% of 101 students do not past the test.  This is an indication that the students hava a learning difficulties. Learning difficulties is the condition where someone has an obstacle in learning about something. This research intend to identify the student’s learning difficulties on acid-base topic and  find out the factors of their learning difficulties. The method of this research is descriptive method. The sample of this research are 32 students of class XI IPA 3 SMAN 3 Padang Panjang. And from the research, researcher find out that the percentage of learning difficulties indication of the sample is 46.8% with the category is high enough. This learning difficulties are influenced by scheduling and implementation of learning factors.

The purpose of this research is to explain the process of development, produce the product, and explain the effectiveness of the learner's work sheet (LKPD) assisted by the application of quizizz in the short story text in the students of the X class of Private Catholic High School 2 Kabanjahe. This type of research is research and development (R&D) with research design ADDIE development model consists of 4 main stages: Analysis, Design, Develop, Implementation, and Evaluation. Data collection techniques are the lifts given to media experts, material experts, and pupils. The test subject is limited to students/I grade XI IPS 1 of 32 people. Data analysis techniques are quantitative descriptive of material experts, media experts and student respondents. The results of the validation of the expert of the material were 93.1, of the media expert was 96.73, and the student response was 91.98. The evaluation of LKPD's eligibility assessment of the application of quizizz on short story material for eleventh grade students by the experts of the materials, the media experts and the students obtained a total ratio of 93.92 who entered the category was very good. The result of this study was LKDP with the help of the quizizz application of short story materials for eleventennial students. Recommendations for further research are expected to develop LKPP by using other applications with broader and better material.

This publication addresses topics related to electoral processes and suffrage. Its objectives include elucidating the principles of voting and suffrage, discussing challenges associated with voting rights during elections, and examining citizens' passive voting rights. The journal employs library research methodologies, involving the collection and analysis of materials from various literature sources.

Easy exploration of content - content containing videos or images on social media which in this case we as users do not know how the social media algorithm works in displaying the content we see. This research aims to analyze the influence of social media algorithms on content consumption patterns. This research uses a qualitative research method with a literature study research type and is continued by directly analyzing social media platforms, namely TikTok and Instagram. From the results of the analysis, it can be seen that the algorithm of this social media both on the TikTok and Instagram platforms has similarities, namely being influenced by interactions from users in the form of (likes, comments, and shares), user search history, trending topics, and influenced by accounts that are followed. So that the content consumption patterns of social media users will remain the same because all the content that users see or enjoy is based on the user's own interests.

This article describes the development of Dick & Carey's learning design model on the Carey on the material of Linear Equation System Two Variables (SPLDV) Class X Senior High School.The purpose of this research is to explain the stages of the development of the Dick & Carey development stages of Dick & Carey learning design in designing effective and structured learning in the context of mathematics learning on and structured in the context of mathematics learning on the material of the System of Linear Equations Two Variables (SPLDV) Class X SMA. Two Variable Linear Equation (SPLDV) material. As for the results of the development of learning design Dick & Carey's learning design development results provide a success in learning objectives. This learning model provides a systematic and structured stage process for teachers in making plans for structured for teachers in making plans or designs in the implementation of learning. implementation of learning. This learning model also emphasizes on achievement of specific learning objectives and evaluation of learning outcomes. learning outcomes. This article provides an overview of the importance of developing learning design model to achieve success in student learning process.

The research is aimed at identifying factors that cause student failure in learning and the types of difficulties experienced by students. The subject of this study is an eighth grade high school student Dwiguna Depok. The data analysis technique used in this study is data reduction, i.e. concluding, separating important things that have already been obtained through the observation, interview and documentation stages of mathematical learning difficulties. This research includes a descriptive type with a qualitative approach. The results show that there are several factors that cause students difficulties in learning mathematics, including individual differences in mathematical ability, lack of motivation, inappropriate teaching methods, health or emotional disorders, and environmental factors.

Spirituality is a need of every individual in the relationship between God Almighty. Talking about spirituality is closely related to religion and divinity. Religion is a very important thing that plays a major role in providing guidance for life and in religion there is also an order to study for each of His servants regardless of the differences in each individual human being. Children with special needs (ABK) are children who have different characteristics from children in general, therefore several factors that have an influence on the spiritual aspects for children with special needs require assistance from parents, teachers, and a supportive environment to provide religious learning values for the spiritual development of children with special needs. This study uses a qualitative method by collecting data from a literature review which is processed into steps to be implemented for the reader. This study aims to provide some methods used as a medium for learning religion to meet the spiritual needs of children with special needs according to the characters they each have. Such as learning religious concepts for visually impaired, deaf, disabled, disabled, and tunalaras children using appropriate media based on their needs. Religious education is an important component for children with special needs to make them perfect humans who coexist with other humans. God created all His creatures perfectly without exception, whether natural or unnatural, all are His very special gifts.

This research aims to identify the problems faced by the Karya Prima Computer course study group. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach by collecting data through interviews and observations of residents studying the Karya Prima computer course. The research results show several main problems, namely related to the marketing of Karya Prima computer courses, where information regarding these computer courses is still difficult to reach in the community. As a solution, the group offers a medium, namely, where the group will create a browser/poster to market the Karya Prima computer course so that it can be reached by the local community.

This action research aimed to improve the performance of teachers through a collaborative approach at SD Negeri Lulut 2, Klapanunggal, Bogor Regency. The study identified key issues in teacher performance and student learning outcomes, planned collaborative strategies involving teachers, the school principal, students, parents, and other stakeholders. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation, analyzed, and action plans implemented. The findings showed a significant improvement in teacher performance and student learning outcomes, particularly in classes 5 and 6. Collaboration among stakeholders proved essential in achieving these improvements. However, challenges such as resource availability for innovative learning implementation remain. Continuous commitment and collaboration are essential for sustained educational quality improvement.

This research aims to determine the learning outcomes of class V students at Lonrong State Elementary School, Bajeng District, Gowa Regency in science learning after implementing the Card Sort Type Active Learning Model on Science Learning Results for Class V Students at Lonrong State Elementary School, Bajeng District, Gowa Regency. This research uses a pre-experimental quantitative research method involving one class as a focus class using a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The population in my research was class V students with a total of 20 students at Lonrong State Elementary School, Bajeng District, Gowa Regency. The sampling technique used was using only the experimental group without a control (comparison) group. The author took samples using total sampling techniques or saturated samples. So the sample size for this research is all fifth grade students at Lonrong State Elementary School, Bajeng District, Gowa Regency. The instruments used were student observation sheet instruments and science learning outcomes tests in the form of multiple choice questions to measure student learning outcomes with Pretest and Posttest. The results of the research show that the science learning outcomes of students in class V of Lonrong State Elementary School, Bajeng District, Gowa Regency, descriptive statistical analysis data revealed that after implementing the Card Sort Type Active Learning Model, the average score on the Pretest was 45, which is in the very low category with the number of students not 16 students completed, namely 80% and 4 students completed, namely 20%. Meanwhile, the average on the PostTest, namely 68.05, is in the medium category with the number of students who did not complete 4 people, namely 20% and 16 students who completed it, namely 80%. The average score on the PostTest is higher than the average score on the Pretest. Meanwhile, the average in the n-gain test was 0.41, which means it is in the medium category. So it can be concluded that the application of the Card Sort Type Active Learning Model to student learning outcomes in class V science learning at Lonrong State Elementary School, Bajeng District, Gowa Regency has increased.

A teacher's role is to help students improve the quality of their education. So teachers must be able to improve student achievement with the various abilities they have. In the learning process the problem faced by a teacher is classroom management. Classroom management is a teacher's skill to create and maintain optimal learning conditions so that they can restore them if disruptions occur in the teaching and learning process. Therefore, teachers must be able to manage the learning process in the classroom well by implementing learning strategies, especially in the subject of Islamic cultural history. The problem raised in this research is the teacher's strategy for overcoming SKI learning boredom at MA Al-Amien I Pragaan, which is described in two research focuses, namely: 1. What are the classroom management strategies as an effort to overcome SKI learning boredom at MA Al-Amien I Pragaan 2. What are the supporting and inhibiting factors that influence classroom management strategies as an effort to overcome SKI learning boredom at MA Al-Amien I Pragaan. This research was designed using a descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. From this method, researchers then process and analyze to obtain data or information. The subjects of this research were taken from teachers and students. Data analysis uses data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. For data validity, researchers used source triangulation. The results of this research are: 1. Class management strategies as an effort to overcome SKI learning boredom, namely: a. Using various methods, namely: discussion method, lecture method, mind mapping method, clipping method. b. Changes in class formation 2. Supporting and inhibiting factors that influence class management strategies in SKI learning, namely: a. teacher competency, b. students' abilities, c. classroom facilities and atmosphere.

Education is a process carried out to change the mindset and behavior of humans into individuals who have good character, insight, and quality in order to become individuals with dignity. The development of an increasingly advanced era demands that the learning process in schools use technology as a means of supporting learning activities, for example in the use of learning media. One of the learning media that utilizes current technological developments is Canva. This article aims to describe the application of Canva media as a learning medium to examine the structure and language of discussion texts in class IX H Junior High School 36 Semarang. The benefit of applying Canva as a learning medium for studying discussion text material is that students are more interested and find it easier to understand how to study the structure and language rules of discussion texts.
 

This study aims to find out the difference in self-acceptance rates between students and 7th grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Yogyakarta during puberty. This study also aims to find out the level of self-acceptance in students and students separately. This study uses a comparative quantitative method with 60 students out of a total of 192 students. Data was collected through a Google Form questionnaire containing 47 items based on aspects of self-acceptance according to Hurlock (2004). The reliability of the instrument was tested using Alpha Cronbach with a coefficient of 0.917. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the level of self-acceptance between students and students. Based on data analysis, 20.7% of students are in the medium category, 65.5% in the low category, and 13.8% in the very low category. For female students, 6.5% were in the very high category, 3.2% in the high category, 61.3% in the medium category, 22.6% in the low category, and 6.5% in the very low category. These results are used as the basis for the preparation of social personal guidance topics in the Guidance and Counseling Study Program, Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta.

This study aims to describe the level and influence of motivation that affects students' mathematical number sense ability on integer material viewed from the learning motivation of class VII students of MTS Al-Fattah Singkawang. This research method is descriptive with qualitative research type. The subjects in this study were 30 class VII C students. The objects in this study are mathematical number sense ability and students' learning motivation on integer material. Data collection using student motivation questionnaires and instruments in the form of descriptive tests that are adjusted to the number sense ability indicators and have been tested using content validation, construct validation, reliability, discriminatory power, and level of difficulty. The data analysis techniques used are questionnaire data analysis and test data analysis (scoring, data description, and interviews). The research results obtained are; 1) The level of mathematical number sense ability viewed from high learning motivation is at the medium level of number sense ability, 2) The level of mathematical number sense ability viewed from medium learning motivation is at the medium level of number sense ability, 3) The level of mathematical number sense ability viewed from low learning motivation is at the medium level of number sense ability 4) Factors of student learning motivation that affect number sense ability include; 1) the surrounding environment 2) students are less enthusiastic in learning 3) students' memory decreases 4) students' lack of understanding.

This research aims to describe the moral values found in the movie “Ghostbuster Afterlife ", based on the character’s behaviour and action and why they occurred in movies. The moral of a story in movies is the lesson that the story or movie teaches about how to behave in the world or what action should be used in certain situations. The method used in the research is conducted using a descriptive qualitative method which described the data from the observed people and behaviour. The research data were collected by watching the movie and identifying the data related to the study. There are 11 moral values found in the movie “Ghostbuster Afterlife”. From this research the relevance between the implications of the movie toward our own moral values is honesty. Being honest with other people will help develop our relationships with others, especially with family, friends, and loved ones will help improve life and character.

The Solar Power Plant (PLTS) represents one of the pioneering electricity producers established at Manado State University. The aforementioned solar cell technology is a mechanism that effectively transforms solar energy into electrical energy. Indonesia, being situated on the equator and endowed with ample sun resources, stands to benefit significantly from the adoption of solar energy, thus enhancing its effectiveness. This study employs a quantitative methodology with a descriptive framework to examine the impact of light intensity on the voltage and current of solar panels. Based on the obtained measurements, it can be observed that the intensity of the sun is directly proportional to its brightness, assuming that there is no cloud cover. In ideal bright conditions, the maximum duration for the absorption of solar energy in a single day can extend up to 9 hours. On the contrary, the duration of optimal absorption during overcast or rainy weather conditions is limited to a maximum of five hours during a single day. The calculations were conducted using the average power generated on the initial day, which amounted to 30,299.76 kilowatt-hours per day, and on the subsequent day, which totaled 40,991.22 kilowatt-hours per day. There exists a positive correlation between the intensity of solar radiation and the performance of solar panels, whereby an increase in intensity leads to a corresponding increase in panel performance.

This research aims to analyze learning difficulties in the mathematical reasoning subtest for students taking the Computer-Based Writing Examination (UTBK). The mathematical reasoning subtest is an important part of measuring students' abilities in solving high-level mathematical problems. The research method used was quantitative analysis of UTBK results data as well as in-depth interviews with a number of students.The results of the analysis show that the majority of students have difficulty understanding the mathematical concepts underlying the reasoning subtest. Factors such as a lack of understanding of basic concepts, less effective learning methods, and exam anxiety may be the main causes of these difficulties. Apart from that, these findings also indicate that there is a gap in students' preparation for the types of mathematical reasoning questions tested in UTBK. Developing more interactive and in-depth learning strategies, providing intensive academic guidance, and improving metacognitive skills can be a solution to overcome these learning difficulties. In addition, this research suggests that UTBK administrators and educational institutions pay special attention to understanding basic mathematical concepts at the upper secondary education level in order to increase students' readiness for exams. By understanding the difficulty of learning the mathematical reasoning subtest, it is hoped that it can make a positive contribution in formulating more effective educational policies, as well as providing direction for teachers and educational institutions in improving the quality of mathematics learning at the high school level.

An algorithm is a series of steps to solve a structured problem in a systematic and logical manner. Algorithms help solve problems quickly and accurately. In the modern era dominated by technology and computing, programming has become an inevitable skill in various aspects of life. One's success in solving technical and non-technical problems often depends on a deep understanding of programming algorithms. Algorithms are logical steps used to solve problems, and a solid understanding of algorithms opens the door to exceptional problem-solving abilities. This article will cover the basic concepts of algorithms, effective teaching methods, as well as case studies that demonstrate the real impact of understanding algorithms in improving problem-solving skills. This research aims to investigate the benefits that individuals gain in improving their problem-solving skills through understanding programming algorithms. The writing of this article uses the library research method. The result of this research is that there are many benefits gained from understanding algorithms in solving problems both in software and in the real world.

When people hear the word algorithm, they definitely think it has something to do with programming languages, computer science, mathematics, and lots of numbers. This is true because algorithms are closely related to computer science. An algorithm is a certain series of logical steps to solve a problem. A collection or series of instructions designed to solve a problem is called a program. And writing a program in a programming language is called programming. Programming algorithms are the basic things you need to know and are the first step in the programming process. Algorithms can be presented in two ways, namely written or illustrated, following a method or following the programmer's steps. The purpose of writing this article is to find out basic concepts or initial understanding of programming algorithms. In this article the author uses a method, namely the literature study or library research method. The literature study method used is also accompanied by bibliometrics. The results of this research describe the characteristics, basic structure, functions, notation and examples of programming algorithms.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the Problem Solving learning model in improving the mathematical critical thinking ability of elementary school students. Through the Systematic Literature Review approach, this study analyzes a number of relevant studies. The results of the study show that the Problem Solving model has significant potential in improving students' critical thinking skills. This model encourages students to be actively involved in the problem-solving process, relate mathematical concepts to real life, and stimulate creativity. However, the implementation of this model requires careful planning, support from various parties, and teacher competency development. Further research is suggested to delve deeper into the factors that affect the successful implementation of the Problem Solving model, as well as develop more specific instruments to measure students' critical thinking skills.

This article discusses the learning difficulties experienced by mathematics education students. Learning difficulties are a common challenge faced by students in the learning process, but for mathematics education students, these learning difficulties can have more complex implications. This article aims to identify factors that can cause learning difficulties for mathematics education students, as well as finding effective solutions to overcome these problems. This research uses qualitative methods by conducting interviews and observations of mathematics education students who experience learning difficulties. The research results show that factors such as a lack of understanding of mathematical concepts, anxiety about mathematics, and lack of motivation in learning are the main causes of learning difficulties for mathematics education students. To overcome these learning difficulties, this research recommends an approach that focuses on developing understanding of mathematical concepts, reducing anxiety about mathematics through a more interactive and creative approach, and providing appropriate motivation in the learning process. Apart from that, forming study groups and providing individual guidance are also considered effective in helping students overcome their learning difficulties. It is hoped that this article can provide a deeper understanding of the learning difficulties of mathematics education students and provide recommendations that can help improve the quality of mathematics learning for mathematics education students.

Students' lack of understanding of a concept is usually called a misconception. This research aims to determine misconceptions about understanding plane material by applying polya theory at PGMI 3 State Islamic University of North Sumatra. The subjects in this research were 4 PGMI 3 UINSU students. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive research. Data collection in this research was carried out using observation and test methods. The results of the research showed that there were student misconceptions in working on plane material problems with the application of polya theory, including: misconceptions about signs and misconceptions about work procedures. This misconception occurs because students are not careful and do not understand the concepts in working on flat shapes using polya theory.

This study aims to analyze students’ critical thinking abilities based on learning styles. This research uses qualitative research methods. This research began by giving tests to class IX-A students to obtain data on students' mathematical critical thinking abilities. The results of this research show that only 14% of students were able to achieve the KKM score, while 86% failed to achieve it. This shows that students' critical thinking skills are highly valued in mathematics education. The conclusion of this research is that students' critical thinking abilities in terms of learning styles in quadratic function material are still relatively low.

Normally we experience hardships in deciding the result of a pseudocode calculation, particularly in settled control structures or settled circles. Generally muddled. We experience issues speculating rationale or deciding the result. For instance, what is the final product of the cycle? Is that correct? Where are the beginning and end points of the circle? Where could the limit of the circle's body be? Should this cycle proceed or stop? Does the circle go on until the outcome or intelligent condition is valid? Does the circle run until the condition is valid? Aside from that, in light of the fact that the human psyche has impediments in recollecting or rehashing, a device is expected to examine it. In light of this issue, the creator is searching for a basic model or technique for variable examination, both info factors and result factors with algorithmic rationale in a pseudo code calculation. This is the creator's goal in planning a table called a control table. For this situation, the errand of work area control is to report the historical backdrop of a few changes and their rationale of the different investigated factors, as well as data sources and results, with the assistance of tables. The reason for this paper is to dissect the reaction to the plan of the Specific Reconciliation Calculation utilizing the flowchart technique and inspect potential instances of issues, in particular precise coordination.
Keyword : Algoritma Analysis

In the literary world, literature is divided into serious literature and popular literature. Serious literature has weightier and more complex writing while popular literature tends to be light and easily understood. Storks belong in popular literature, where they contain lighter stories, and easier words to understand, so that they can be read in different circles. The short stories have intrinsic and extrinsic elements in them. To learn what values the storytellers contain, an objective and mimetic approach is employed to help the reader understand what the writer is trying to say. In the "Pelajaran Mengarang" short, there's a lot of social value that comes from extrinsic. Seno Gumira Ajidarma used several figures of speech that the reader could easily understand. Even values found in intrinsic elements can be understood directly through the lines and conversations found in events. The study was also intended to be beneficial in the development of a brief literary work.
 

The aim of the study was to describe the application of the jigsaw type cooperative model theme 8 sub theme 3 in fourth grade students at Muhammadiyah Kemiri Elementary School, to describe the increase in student learning activity with the jigsaw type cooperative model theme 8 sub theme 3 in fourth grade students at Muhammadiyah Kemiri Elementary School, to describe the increase in student learning outcomes with cooperative model type jigsaw theme 8 sub theme 3 in class IV SD Muhammadiyah Kemiri. Research using the type of classroom action research. The research subjects were fourth grade students at Muhammadiyah Kemiri Elementary School for the 2021/2022 academic year with a total of 25 students. This research data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, tests, documentation. Analysis of the data obtained is the result of observing the implementation of learning, observing students' activeness in each cycle and tests in cycle I and cycle II

The first step in the problem-based learning model is to expose pupils to actual or simulated challenges. When presented with this topic, students will understand that in order to solve it, they will need to apply critical thinking techniques, take a methodical approach, and integrate data from several scientific disciplines. Through student observations in the school environment, particularly the school garden, this experimental study seeks to ascertain the impact of the problem-based learning model (PBM) on student learning outcomes in ecosystem content in class X SMA Negeri 2 Tondano. A pretest-posttest control group design was employed in the study procedure. Sixty people were randomly selected from each of the two courses; the experimental class was treated using a problem-based learning model, while the control class was treated using a traditional learning model. Tests with objectives are employed as tools. Testing the normalcy and homogeneity tests—two criteria for data analysis—comes first and is followed by hypothesis testing. The study's findings revealed that the experimental class's average learning outcome was 98.16, while the control class's average learning outcome was 81.63. As a result, student learning outcomes can be enhanced by the problem-based learning model (PBM).
 

This research discusses the opinions of Generation Z or what we know as Gen-Z regarding Arabic language learning at MI level. The many benefits of Arabic make Arabic a mandatory subject in several institutions. This research uses library research or bibliographic research by examining several references to assess Arabic language learning in MI based on the Gen Z perspective. Literature searches were carried out by collecting references from several previous studies. The aim of this research is to explore perspectives or perceptions regarding the importance of Arabic in Early Level institutions. The results of this research are that Gen-z believes that Arabic should be taught at MI/SDI as a unique subject that differentiates MI/SDI from other state elementary schools. Generation Z needs to learn Arabic from an early age to achieve better learning outcomes.

Problem solving is a planned process that needs to be carried out in order to obtain a solution to a particular problem that requires systematic resolution steps. Systematic methods are used in the learning process to solve problems or face challenges needed in everyday life. The research method used is the Literature Review System with writing stages, namely data planning, screening, extraction, analysis. Search literature studies using google scholar data base using the Publish or Perish application. The use of the Math City Map approach can affect the problem-solving ability of students in mathematics learning. The use of the Math City Map approach helps learners understand and solve math problems better and effectively develop problem-solving skills. Learning outside the classroom using MCM applications provides a more immersive and challenging experience for students, helps them apply knowledge, and improves social and personal skills.

This research discusses a comparative analysis of school exam scores during and after the Covid-19 pandemic that were achieved by students, which was carried out at SD Bahagia. The aim of this research is to compare student learning outcomes during the Covid-19 pandemic and after the Covid-19 pandemic, to find out the process results achieved by students with online learning / learning from home and face-to-face / new normal learning. This research uses a design method to make it easier for researchers to design student data analysis with structure and steps. The results and discussion of the student report card assessments during and after the Covid-19 pandemic were very good and the average score was not below 62, so the results obtained by the students in the statement were declared passed because the students were able to follow the online learning process and understand the material provided by the teacher. , even during the Covid-19 pandemic which limits long distances. Meanwhile, after the Covid-19 pandemic, teacher and student communication was achieved which resulted in students understanding the material easily without any obstacles.

Classroom management is an effort made by teachers to create and maintain classroom conditions so that they remain normal and optimal in carrying out learning so that it can continue to run effectively and efficiently. Thematic learning is integrated learning that uses themes to link several subjects so that it can provide meaningful experiences to students. The aim of this research is to describe classroom management in thematic learning. This research method is a descriptive approach with a qualitative research type. The results of this research indicate that the classroom management carried out by teachers at SDN 2 Trienggadeng Pidie Jaya has generally been carried out well and teachers have utilized the available classroom facilities and infrastructure.

Technology has led to a new world order without renewable technology, the world of education would not be as efficient as it is today. Not only in the world of education, technology also affects the economy, social, culture and geopolitics. Besides the technology itself, it is our obligation to be educated because if we only use technology without insight, it is feared that we are governed by technology, not us. One of the advances in the world of education is artificial intelligence which greatly helps the educational process but must also be inserted with critical thinking not to be dissolved and drifted in the ease of this very sophisticated technology.
 
 

The role of a teacher is very important to the formation of students at school. So it takes full awareness by a teacher regarding his role and function as a professional teacher. Thus the title of this study is the awareness and responsibility of teachers towards the implementation of the roles and functions of teachers in educating and teaching. The purpose of this research is to find out how the awareness and responsibility of teachers towards the implementation of the roles and functions of teachers in educating and teaching at SMPN 24 Medan. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observations, and interview questionnaires given to students. The results of this study indicate that teachers' awareness and responsibility are very important in implementing their roles and functions as educators and teachers. It takes good cooperation between teachers and principals along with other supporters such as adequate facilities.

The aim of this research is to explore the impact of using the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model on the expository writing skills of class VI students at SDN Bangbayang 2 Elementary School. This research is based on the low level of expository text writing skills of elementary school students, students tend to be less interested in practicing writing. Students consider writing activities to be a difficult task. Problems that often occur in writing activities are the inability to use punctuation, spelling, diction, sentence structure and written content, so it is certain that the results will not be in accordance with the expected competence. The research used an experimental design with a control and experimental group, the experimental group consisted of 30 students at SDN Bangbayang 2 and the control group consisted of 35 students at SDN Bangbayang 1. Data was collected through written  tests before and after the intervention. The results showed that the experimental group  experienced a significant increase in the average posttest score compared to the pretest, while the control group only showed a slight increase in the posttest and pretest. The conclusion of this research is that the integration of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL)model is effective in improving students' expository writing skills.
 
 

Researchers discuss the Implementation of Innovative Learning Models: Constructivist and Cooperative in Increasing Early Childhood Creativity. This research aims to explain how innovative learning models, namely constructivist and cooperative learning, can increase the creativity of early childhood. The method used in this research is qualitative research. This research was carried out by collecting references through books and research journal articles from various parties which have been published in information media and the latest news on internet websites. The reference materials used have been adapted to the discussion topic which is still the same as the discussion title of this article. And the results of this research are by playing constructive games and by forming groups. The impact of the innovative learning model, namely constructivist and cooperative learning, is that it is able to increase the creativity of early childhood. Apart from that, children can develop intellectually.

This study aims to find out how the mastery of social arithmetic in terms of parenting style. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The research subjects were parents and students of class VII SMP Negeri 3 Wadaslintang with different parenting patterns, and 2 students and parents with authoritarian parenting patterns were selected, 2 students and parents with permissive parenting patterns and 2 students and parents with democratic parenting. Data collection methods used are questionnaires, interviews, tests, and documentation. Data analysis techniques were carried out by (1) data reduction (2) data presentation (3) verification. The results of the research show that students with permissive parenting styles experience (1) difficulty in understanding the questions (2) making a solution plan (3) implementing the solution plan, so that the social arithmetic mastery of students with permissive parenting styles is in the low category. Students with authoritarian parenting styles experience difficulty in carrying out problem solving plans, so that the mastery of social arithmetic of students with authoritarian parenting styles is in the medium category. Students with democratic parenting styles can solve problems well, so that students with democratic parenting styles mastery of social arithmetic is in the high category.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of using artificial intelligence technology Artificial Intelligence (AI) in teaching Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in secondary schools (SMA). The method used in this research uses a library method where the literature review method is a systematic approach in collect,evaluate and synthesize literature then draw conclusions. The purpose of this writing is to find out how Artificial Intelligence (AI)dan improve PAI learning and its influence on student learning outcomes.

This research aims to describe the multi-representation instrument's feasibility and analyze students' multi-representation ability in solving problems regarding work and energy materials. This research uses a mixed methods approach with sequential explanatory design. The analysis results show that seven items are feasible to measure students' multi-representation abilities. Students' level of multi-representation ability in solving problems on work and energy material in the category needs some improvement 20%, inadequate 69%, and missing 11%. Students in the needs some improvement category were interested in the format of the questions used in the test. However, students still have difficulty representing the problem. They made some efforts to understand the problem, answered according to the steps, and had a strategy to answer the question correctly. Students in the inadequate category had difficulty representing the problem but still had a strategy to answer it. Meanwhile, students in the missing category struggled to represent the problem because they did not have steps and strategies to answer.

This research aims to create an instrument to measure critical thinking skills in algebra material for students at SMP N 1 Percut Sei Tuan, especially for class VII students. The research was carried out on October 24 2023 using the R&D (research and development) approach and the Borg & Gall model which has 10 stages, namely: data collection, planning, product draft development, design validation and revision, product refinement resulting from field trials, field trials ( large groups), product refinement, and implementation. This research produced a reliability value of 0.702 with 60 respondents and 5 questions, which states that the 5 questions were reliable. By carrying out this research, it is possible to determine students' critical thinking abilities and at the same time improve the critical thinking abilities of students at SMP N 1 Percut Sei Tuan..

In this journal, we analyze the basic concept of programming algorithms, which is the main basis for software development. The algorithm itself is a structured set of steps to solve a problem. Then in this journal the author presents an in-depth explanation of what is meant by algorithm, structure, steps and others. This article uses a descriptive method where the author first analyzes, summarizes and describes different situations, conditions from several different sources which are then collected into an article or writing. Collecting data or information sources is carried out using library research techniques from journals, books or internet media which are used as reference material or references relating to the title discussed, namely the basic concept of programming algorithms with more accurate data and clear sources.

The purpose of this research is to find out how the Independent Learning Curriculum is implemented in Class XI Christian Religious Education at St. Vocational School. Nahanson Sipoholon in 2023. The method used in this research is mixed methods. This research is a research step that combines two previously existing forms of research, namely qualitative research and quantitative research. For interviews, the population of school principals was 1 person and Christian Religious Education teachers were 2 people. The interview used is an in-depth interview or commonly known as an in-depth interview which is usually aimed at obtaining in-depth information and is developed according to the situation and conditions in the field. The interview data in the form of statements contained 15 items. So the results obtained in all interviews were in the very good category with a percentage of 97.7%, then the very poor category with a percentage of 2.23%. The population for the questionnaire was all class XI students who adhere to Protestant Christian beliefs at St. Vocational School. Nahanson Sipoholon learning in 2023/2024 is 131 people and a sample of 58 people was taken using random sampling techniques. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 26 items. The results of data analysis show that the overall percentage of the implementation of the independent learning curriculum in class XI Christian religious education at St. Vocational School. Nahanson Sipoholon in 2023 is 72.94% and is in the good category, namely in the interpreted value between 61%-80%.

The aim of this research is to determine: (1) The influence of students' learning interest and discipline together on the natural sciences learning achievement of State MTs students in West Jakarta. (2) The influence of interest in learning on the natural science learning achievement of State MTs students in West Jakarta. (3) The influence of student discipline on the Natural Sciences learning achievement of State MTs Students in West Jakarta. The research was conducted at MTs in West Jakarta, especially MTs Negeri 36 Jakarta and MTs Negeri 11 Jakarta. The population in this study was 711 students so the sample used was 71 students. The method used is a survey method with multiple regression test data analysis. The results of hypothesis testing show (1) There is a significant influence on students' learning interest and discipline together on the natural science learning achievement of State MTs students in Jakarta. This is proven by the sig value. = 0.000 < 0.05 and calculated F = 11.320. (2) There is a significant influence of interest in learning on the natural science learning achievement of State MTs students in Jakarta. This is proven by the sig value. = 0.002 < 0.05 and t = 3.217. (3) There is a significant influence of student discipline on the natural science learning achievement of State MTs students in Jakarta. This is proven by the sig value. = 0.003 < 0.05 and t = 3.116.

Misconceptions are misunderstandings or inequalities in solving mathematics learning problems by understanding concepts that are in accordance with mathematical rules or scientists' concepts. This journal aims to find out misconceptions about teaching arithmetic series that occur among students based on misconception indicators. The method used in this writing is qualitative-descriptive. There were 18 research subjects carried out at PGMI 3 UIN North Sumatra. There are often or still are some students who experience misconceptions about arithmetic series material, both from conceptual, strategic and systematic misconceptions, but in translation there are no more misconceptions. The data collection techniques used were observation and questionnaire questions. The results of the analysis that has been carried out are that in the process of learning arithmetic series, there are still some misconceptions among students due to a lack of understanding of the concept and not being careful in determining strategies for arithmetic series material, resulting in errors in solving problems.

Increasingly, more and more changes and advances are occurring, especially in the technology sector which requires users to understand and understand the meaning of an algorithm command. Basically, algorithms are steps used to solve problems. In the world of computing, programming algorithms are packaged by collaborating machine language with human desires. This article aims to compare the stability and effectiveness of machine languages that are often used by programmers. This article uses a systematic literature review method with sources from several studies and papers that have been conducted. The results of this study show that there are advantages and disadvantages of python and C++ respectively.

This research was motivated by the character building of students at SDN 1 Kadupandak was not optimal. This is related to the socio-cultural environmental conditions of the school. The objectives of this study are: 1) to determine the condition of the socio-cultural environment of the school; 2) obstacles in the socio-cultural environment conditions of the school in the formation of the character of students at SDN 1 Kadupandak; 3) Efforts to overcome obstacles in the socio-cultural environment conditions of the school in building the character of students at SDN 1 Kadupandak. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Research data was obtained from informants, namely principals and teachers. The data collection tools used in this study are interviews, observations, documentation studies, and carrying out triangulation, then the data is processed by data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and verifying data. The results of this study show that the condition of the school's socio-cultural environment in the formation of student character at SDN 1 Kadupandak in terms of routine activities; spontaneous activities; exemplary; and conditioning has been well imolemented. However, there is an aspect that needs to be improved, namely the need for evaluation carried out by teachers related to school culture, because there are still students who need to be guided and reminded by teachers to carry out school culture activities.

The purpose of writing this article is to determine increased access and equal distribution of the potential of Islamic educational institutions. This research uses a type of library research. Library research is research carried out by reviewing various journals and related reference books. The results of his research show that one of the pillars of national education is the expansion and equal distribution of access to education. Expanding and equalizing access to education which is aimed at expanding the capacity of educational units by referring to the national priority scale which provides equal opportunities for all students from various groups of society who are diverse both socially, economically, gender, geographically and at the level of intellectual ability, and physical condition. Expanding and equalizing access provides the widest possible opportunities for the Indonesian population to be able to learn throughout their lives in order to increase the nation's competitiveness in the current era. Access to Islamic educational institutions has great significance for the development of individuals and society as a whole. This helps understand Islamic teachings, strengthens religious identity, teaches morals and ethics, understands relevant social and political issues, and helps build character and integrate religious values ??in daily life. Obstacles to access to Islamic education in this village include Lack of material books and competence of teaching staff. This factor influences the quality of education and students' understanding of Islamic teachings. Therefore, to overcome this problem, greater efforts need to be made to increase access to education, provide adequate book materials, and increase the competency of teaching staff in village areas. Teacher training plays a key role in the distribution of Islamic religious education. Effective teacher training should focus on understanding local culture, relevant curriculum, innovative teaching methods, classroom management skills, community involvement, use of technology, and development of empathy skills.
 
 

This research aims to describe the quality of the questions in terms of the validity and reliability of the four-tier diagnostic test instrument as well as identifying students' misconceptions regarding rectilinear motion material using the four-tier diagnostic test. This research is research using the Ex Post Facto method with a quantitative descriptive research type. The quality of the questions is reviewed in terms of instrument validity, namely internal validity including content, construct and language, then external validity including content and construct. The results of the analysis in this study show that the internal validity for the content, construct and language domains is 91%, 90% and 91% respectively. External validity includes content with respective false positives and false negative values ??of 9.0% and 7.33%, then the construct aspect produces a value of 0.47. The reliability of the instrument shows that rcount = 0.420. The factors that cause misconceptions experienced by students originate from within themselves, originating from humanistic thinking with a percentage of 25.98%, then from preconceptions, associative thinking, wrong intuition and wrong reasoning with percentages of 18.38%, 15.44%, 5.88% respectively, and 5.64%.

Modeling has been carried out using the STARS software to analyze the structure and chemical composition of a primary star with a mass of 2.24M_? type Algol. Algol type stars are close binary star systems that experience the Algol pradox. The Algol paradox is a situation where a star with a smaller mass turns out to have evolved further than a star with a larger mass. The results of this modeling are (1) HR diagrams (2) star structure graphs and (3) graphs of star chemical composition as a function of radius.

The purpose of this research are 1) To determine the attention of parents of class VI students at SD Negeri 122368 Pematang Siantar T.A 2023/2024, 2) To determine the mathematics learning outcomes of class VI students at SD Negeri 122368 Pematang Siantar T.A 2023/2024, 3) To determine the effect of attention parents on the mathematics learning outcomes of class VI students at SD Negeri 122368 Pematang Siantar T.A 2023/2024. This type of research is quantitative research with an ex post facto method. This research sample used total sampling, namely all class VI students, totaling 35 students, consisting of 15 male students and 20 female students. Data collection in this research was carried out using questionnaires and documentation. The data analysis technique used is a simple linear regression test and a significant test (t test). The results of the research show that there is a significant influence between parental attention (X) on mathematics learning outcomes (Y) of class VI students at SD Negeri 122368 Pematang Siantar T.A 2023/2024. This is proven by the tcount value for the parental attention variable (X) of 6.287 while the ttable value is 1.69236, so tcount > ttable (6.287 > 1.69236), with a sig value ? = 0.00 < 0.05 so it can be stated that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Variable contribution.

This study seeks to ascertain the extent of student discipline in relation to their study habits and examine its impact on enhancing student academic performance. The research methodology employs a correlational design to ascertain the correlation between discipline and study habits in order to enhance the academic performance of class XII students at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano. The population consisted of 46 pupils, and the sample was obtained by a random sampling procedure or by random selection. Random sampling is a technique for selecting samples in a random manner, ensuring that every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen. The sample size in this study comprised 30 students. The findings of the research, which employed descriptive statistical analysis, indicate that the mean student discipline score is 33.13, the student study habits score is 30.43, and the mean student learning score is 90.6. The research findings, obtained through the use of Pearson product-moment correlation, indicate that the value of rcount is greater than rtable for a sample size of 30, specifically 0.394. If rcount > rtable, it indicates that discipline has an impact on the study habits and learning outcomes of class XII students at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano. If the count of r (rcount) is greater than the count of r in the table (rtable), the null hypothesis (HO) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted, according to the proposed research hypothesis. Discipline exerts a substantial impact on the study habits and academic achievements of twelfth-grade students at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano.

This research was conducted with the following aims: (1). Developing a flip PDF corporate based E-module on momentum and impulse material for class X Science students at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Tidore Islands. (2). Knowing the feasibility of a flip PDF corporate based E-module on momentum and impulse material. (3). To find out the responses of teachers and students to the corporate PDF flip-based E-module on momentum and impulse material for class X Science students at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Tidore Islands produced in this research. This development research refers to the 5 steps of ADDIE development design, namely: analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The product trial consisted of validation by material experts, media experts, language experts, physics teachers, and 20 students of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Tidore Islands class X Science. Data collection used interview guides, expert validation sheets, teacher response sheets and student response sheets. This research produced a product in the form of a flip PDF corporate based E-module and is very suitable for use with eligibility criteria including 87% of media experts which are categorized as very suitable, 86% of material experts which are categorized as very suitable, and 95% of language experts which are categorized as very suitable. The teacher response was 92% in the strongly agree category and the student response was 93% in the strongly agree category.

In the ever-evolving landscape of education, the importance of effective lesson planning cannot be overstated. As the cornerstone of successful teaching and learning, lesson plans serve as the roadmap that guides educators through the complex process of imparting knowledge and skills to their students. This study aims to delve into the intricacies of lesson planning, with a particular focus on strategies for creating effective lesson plans, the steps involved in their development, and methods to enhance students' English competence. This research is using qualitative research method by using interview, observation, and collecting lesson plan from english teacher. The setting for this research study is in junior high school. The Research participants is student of junior high school 2 ligung for grade 7 and 8. This research is using observation, interview, and collecting lesson plan from teacher as research instrument. From the researcher analysis English  teacher strategy to effective lesson plan is first the teacher must see the condition of the class and the condition of the child and choose simple and fun material. and determine the title of the material to be taught and required time allocation. On making lesson plan teacher can determine the material that want to be taught and then write time allocation for the lesson plan and decide what class and school to be written in lesson plan. Then teacher can write learning objectives learning outcomes and assessment of learning outcomes.

This research discusses the song entitled "The Man" by Taylor Swift from a gender perspective. This song describes women's views on how their lives would be different if they were men. The aim of this research is to determine the specific representation of gender equality in Taylor Swift's song "The Man". This type of research is content analysis with a deconstruction approach; we will delve into the lyrics of this song and analyze how Taylor Swift highlights gender inequality and stereotypes that are still widespread in society. The results show that in her song entitled "The Man", Taylor Swift describes how stereotypes still exist in society regarding gender inequality. The gender equality that Taylor Swift advocates through her songs includes many things such as; freedom to choose a lifestyle, freedom to be a leader, freedom to work without discrimination from the social environment and several other freedoms that are difficult for women to obtain.

The research article aims to explore the instances of code switching and code mixing found in the novel "Bercinta Dalam Tahajjudku" by Anshela. This novel exhibits the use of multiple languages, influenced by factors involving both speakers and their interlocutors. In this storyline, Jade and Rintis, being of the same age, frequently use informal language. Therefore, the occurrences of code switching and code mixing in "Bercinta Dalam Tahajudku" by Anshela can serve as viable educational resources for high school settings due to their alignment with linguistic, psychological, and socio- cultural aspects. This novel is suitable as supplementary material because the author's language is accessible for readers, especially students. Through instances switching between different languages and blending them, this novel aids in broadening students' perspectives and knowledge, providing insights into linguistic structures and elements.
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This literature aims to present the integration of TPACK (Technological, Pedagogical, And Content Knowledge) in mathematics learning and see its role in increasing learning effectiveness. By conducting analysis from various relevant sources of articles, journals and previous research, we can identify the benefits of integrating TPACK in mathematics learning in algebra form material. The results of this literature analysis show that there is a positive impact in increasing the effectiveness and abilities of students. The combination of technology, pedagogy and content knowledge makes mathematics learning able to provide a more interactive learning experience. It is hoped that this article can be a helpful reference for educators and educational researchers who are interested in implementing TPACK in the learning process to increase learning effectiveness.
 
 

This research, done is to explore about the paradox used in the song lyrics, and through the exploration will be known how and why it is used there. The research conducted by using the method of qualitative research, which does not use statistical data; it is collected in the form of written, spoken, or observed behavior. The researcher also uses the library research in the collecting data.
               Findings of this research are paradox is used by bringing order to the ambiguous shared meanings that are provided by perceptions of reality, constructing a draft to use as a guide for their future research, reformulating element of modern, industrial society, understanding the start or result of research, supporting the suitability of the goal of the research, giving space to have critical quality, amplify contrast between elements of the lyrics.
               Through this research is hoped that it can inspire the readers to deeper into the subject of paradox, spark the discussion of the paradox sentences or ideas in Martinez’s lyrics, so that the readers can have a better understanding about the paradox itself.

This study explored the perceptions of stakeholders towards English proficiency in Pengkelak Mas tourism village. Four research questions were set to lead the study; (1) English roles in developing Service satisfaction, (2) challenges stakeholder face in developing Pengkelak Mas tourism village, (3) factors contributing to the challenges in developing English proficiency in Pengkelak Mas tourism village and (4) solution can be implemented to solve the problem of increasing English ability in developing Pengkelak Mas tourism village. Qualitative descriptive was used to determine the research result. Documentation, observation, questionnaire and interview were used to obtain the data. The data was analyzed by thematic analysis with 17 participants from different background chosen through random technique. The results depicted that stakeholders agree that English is important for their professional life as it increase the work efficiency, as well as the challenges faced by stakeholders in developing tourism in Pengkelak Mas village include a lack of English proficiency. The absence of language training facilities constituted one of the factors. Therefore, a feasible solution to address this issue is the establishment of specialized English language training focusing on the context of tourism.

The purpose of this study is to describe and explain the meaning contained in the Bau Lolon ceremony for the people of Puhu Village, East Adonara District, East Flores Regency. The benefits of this study are that theoretically the results of this research are useful for (1) developing theoretical concepts as well as procedures and benefits of carrying out the Bau Lolon ceremony for the people of Puhu Village, East Adonara District, East Flores Regency; (2) Can add insight and cultural knowledge related to traditional rituals. While the practical benefits are (1) as input for the East Flores government to keep and maintain the meaning of the Bau Lolon ritual for the people of Puhu Village, East Adonara District, East Flores Regency; (2) as reference material and information in studying culture in the people of Puhu Village, East Adonara District, East Flores Regency; and (3) as an alternative material for local content lessons in schools. The theory used is the hermeneutical theory. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The results of the study show that the meaning contained in the Bau Lolon ceremony for the people of Puhu Village, East Adonara District, East Flores Regency is as follows: (1) Religious meaning; (2) The meaning of respect for the ancestors; (3) The meaning of application and protection; and (4) cultural meaning.