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Labor is a complex interaction between psychological and physiological drives in women. (90%) delivery is accompanied by pain. In the active phase there is an increase in the intensity and frequency of contractions, so that the peak pain response is in this phase. Pain and soreness during labor are basically caused by strong contractions during labor. Breathing relaxation techniques can control pain by minimizing sympathetic activity in the autonomic nervous system. This study aims to determine the effect of deep breathing relaxation techniques on reducing labor pain in the first active phase. The type of design in this study is pre-experimental with The number of samples was taken according to the Accidental Sampling technique, samples were taken when patients went to the Andra Agustiana PMB Clinic with a minimum of 30 respondents. The data collection technique used a questionnaire sheet and a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain scale. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that before being given the breathing relaxation technique, most respondents experienced severe pain or pain levels on a scale of 7-10, namely 25 respondents (71.4%) and after being given deep breathing relaxation technique treatment, most respondents experienced moderate pain (scale 4-6) as many as 28 respondents (80%). The results of data analysis obtained the Asymp.significancy value = 0.000 (ρ<0.05). The conclusion is that there is an effect of providing deep breathing relaxation techniques on reducing labor pain in the first active phase. It is hoped that deep breathing relaxation techniques can be applied in the management of labor care as an alternative to reduce labor pain for mothers giving birth in the first active phase

ABSTRAK Dismenorea merupakan nyeri menstruasi yang umum dialami remaja putri dan berdampak pada aktivitas serta konsentrasi belajar. Penanganan nonfarmakologis seperti kompres hangat dan air asam jawa dinilai efektif mengurangi nyeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi tersebut terhadap penurunan nyeri dismenorea pada siswi SMAN 6 Semarang sebagai alternatif terapi alami dan aman.Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuasi-eksperimental dengan pendekatan pre-test dan post-test pada satu kelompok. Metode kuantitatif diterapkan untuk mengukur perubahan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Sampel diambil menggunakan teknik accidental sampling dengan pertimbangan purposive sampling, yakni memilih responden yang sesuai kriteria secara kebetulan dan mudah dijangkau saat penelitian berlangsung.Data pretest dan posttest tidak berdistribusi normal (p 0,05). Uji Wilcoxon Signed Ranks menunjukkan p-value 0,000 ( 0,05) dan nilai Z -5,230, menandakan pemberian kompres hangat dengan kombinasi air asam jawa berpengaruh signifikan menurunkan nyeri dismenorea pada remaja putri di SMAN 6 Semarang.Berdasarkan penelitian pada 35 remaja putri dengan dismenorea, mayoritas (88,57%) berusia 13-15 tahun dan semua memiliki siklus menstruasi normal. Sebelum intervensi, tingkat nyeri bervariasi dari ringan hingga sangat menyiksa. Setelah intervensi kompres hangat dengan air asam jawa, nyeri menurun signifikan. Uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan p-value 0,000 (0,05), membuktikan intervensi efektif mengurangi nyeri dismenorea.

Background: Over time, the need for cesarean sections for pregnant women is increasing. Patients who have undergone surgery often experience common problems when they are hospitalized after surgery. Postoperative pain is one of the most common postoperativ e problems. One non -pharmacological method for managing pain is the Benson relaxation technique. Objective: This Community Service (PkM) aims to reduce pain in post -cesarean section patients using the Benson Relaxation Technique. Method: The Benson relaxat ion technique was applied directly twice for 15 minutes, two hours after surgery, as part of the community service activity. The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) was used to measure pain. The target audience of this PkM was 30 post -operative patients at RSI Purwokerto who experienced pain. Results. Before the intervention, the average pain score was in the moderate range (4.9), and after the intervention, the average pain score was in the mild range (2.3). This was demonstrated by the PkM exercise. 2.13 is the average reduction in pain. Conclusion: The results of this Community Service (PKM) exercise indicate that postoperative pain can be reduced using Benson relaxation.

Acute pain is a common complaint following surgery in patients with femur fractures and can hinder recovery if not managed effectively. This study aimed to describe the application of Benson’s relaxation therapy in reducing pain after Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) for femur fracture. A nursing care case study was conducted on Mrs. S, an 82-year-old woman, in the Central Operating Theatre of Labuang Baji General Hospital, Makassar. Assessment was performed in the post-anesthesia care unit, followed by the identification of the nursing diagnosis Acute Pain (D.0077), intervention using Benson’s relaxation therapy combined with collaborative pharmacological analgesia (ketorolac), implementation, and one-hour evaluation. Results showed a reduction in pain intensity from a score of 6 to 4 on the Numeric Rating Scale, a change in pain pattern from continuous to intermittent, and improved vital signs along with decreased behavioral indicators of pain (grimacing, restlessness, and protective posture). These findings indicate that Benson’s relaxation therapy is an effective non-pharmacological intervention for managing acute postoperative pain, consistent with theoretical evidence that this technique reduces pain perception through muscle relaxation, deep breathing, and reinforcement of spiritual beliefs.

Pain is one of the main complaints experienced by postoperative patients, including those undergoing laminectomy, which can interfere with comfort, hinder mobility, and slow the healing process. Non-pharmacological nursing interventions such as relaxation techniques have become important alternatives for reducing pain holistically. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the finger-holding relaxation technique in reducing pain in postoperative laminectomy patients. The study used a descriptive case study design involving a patient named Mrs. S in the Amarilis Ward of Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Regional Hospital, Purwokerto. The intervention was carried out for three consecutive days, twice a day, with each session lasting 15 minutes. The results showed a marked decrease in pain score from a scale of 7 (severe pain) on the first day to 1 (mild pain) on the fourth day, accompanied by gradual improvement in physical mobility, absence of surgical wound infection, and better discharge readiness. This technique also had a positive impact on the patient’s emotional comfort. Therefore, the finger-holding relaxation technique is proven to be a simple yet effective intervention in supporting the holistic recovery of postoperative laminectomy patients.

Labor is the process of expelling the products of conception, namely the fetus and placenta, after reaching full term and being viable in the womb. There are two types of delivery: normal delivery and caesarean section (SC). Caesarean section (SC) is a surgical procedure performed through an incision in the uterine wall to deliver the fetus. Caesarean delivery is indicate in cases of cephalopelvic disproportion, breech or transverse fetal position, fetal weight exceeding 4,000 grams, or maternal health conditions that may endanger the mother and fetus. One of the common complications following caesarean delivery is pain. Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. An intervention that can be applied to reduce post SC pain is Guided Imagery Therapy. Guided imagery therapy is a non-pharmacological intervention aimed at reducing and controlling pain by creating pleasant and relacing thoughts, focusing on breathing, and visualizing positive scenarios. This study employed a descriptive case study design using the nursing process from assessment to evaluation. The study was conducted on two patients with moderate pain (pain scale 4-6) after SC at TK II Putri Hijau Hosiptal Medan. The results showed that after the application of guided imagery therapy for three days with a duration of 40 minutes per session, pain levels decreased to mild (pain scale 1-3). In ptient I, pain decreased from a score of 5 to 3, an in patient 2, from a score of 6 to 3. In conclusion, guided imagery therapy was successfully applied in reducing post -SC pain levels and can serve as a reference for further research on pain reduction following caesarean section.

An autoimmune condition that targets the joints is rheumatoid arthritis. The joints and surrounding tissues are inflamed due to this disease. Symptoms of this arthritis include joint stiffness, edema, and persistent discomfort. Women are more likely to suffer from rheumatoid arthritis than men, especially those between the ages of 40 and 75. Chronic pain is a sensory or affective experience that lasts >3 months, has mild to severe intensity, and can begin suddenly or gradually. This is related to real or functional tissue damage. To minimize the chronic pain experienced by rheumatoid arthritis patients, this case study aims to assess the effectiveness of cutaneous stimulation, also known as skin stimulation (foot massage). The nursing care method provided to patients with rheumatoid arthritis who complained of discomfort during five morning sessions using skin stimulation therapy (Foot Massage) is described in this case study using descriptive methodology. The application questionnaire was used to measure pain levels before and after the procedure, and the Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain Scale (Raps) was used to evaluate the results. After five sessions, the patient's pain level decreased, according to the case study findings. Conclusion: Discomfort is reduced by applying cutaneous stimulation (foot massage). Since foot massage helps alleviate pain, it can be used as an intervention for RA patients experiencing chronic pain.

Surgery is one of the medical procedures divided into three periods of pre operative, intra operative, and post operative. At least 11% of the global disease burden comes from conditions that can actually be addressed through surgery. Surgical procedures will certainly require anesthesia, one of which is general anesthesia with the Endotracheal Tube (ETT) intubation technique. Endotracheal Tube (ETT) intubation can cause various complications, the most common being postoperative sore throat. One of the risk factors for sore throat after Endotracheal Tube (ETT) intubation is the duration of surgery. This research is a quantitative study with a descriptive correlational design and a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study consisted of 30 patients undergoing surgery with general anesthesia using the Endotracheal Tube (ETT) intubation technique, determined by quota sampling. The research instruments used were a clock to measure the duration of surgery and an observation sheet containing the measurement of sore throat level using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Data analysis in this study included univariate and bivariate analyses, with the latter tested using the Spearman rank test. The results of the Spearman rank test between the variables of surgical duration and postoperative sore throat in general anesthesia with the Endotracheal Tube (ETT) intubation technique showed a p = 0.000 and an r = 0.912, which means that the two variables have a significant and positive relationship in line with a very strong correlation strength. This indicates that the longer the duration of surgery, the higher the postoperative sore throat scale in general anesthesia with the Endotracheal Tube (ETT) intubation technique.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas teknik bedah laparoskopi dibandingkan dengan bedah konvensional pada pasien apendisitis akut di rumah sakit dengan pendekatan bibliometrik menggunakan perangkat lunak VOSviewer. Teknik laparoskopi semakin banyak digunakan karena dianggap memberikan hasil klinis yang lebih baik, seperti waktu pemulihan yang lebih cepat, nyeri pascaoperasi yang lebih ringan, dan masa rawat inap yang lebih singkat. Data bibliometrik diambil dari database Scopus dengan kata kunci "laparoscopic appendectomy", "conventional appendectomy", dan "acute appendicitis" untuk publikasi antara tahun 2015–2025. Analisis VOSviewer menunjukkan tren peningkatan penelitian pada teknik laparoskopi, dengan kata kunci yang paling sering muncul meliputi minimally invasive surgery, hospital stay, postoperative pain, dan surgical outcomes. Hasil telaah pustaka menunjukkan bahwa bedah laparoskopi memiliki keunggulan dibandingkan bedah konvensional dalam hal durasi rawat inap dan pemulihan pascaoperasi, meskipun masih terdapat kontroversi dalam hal biaya dan waktu operasi. Dengan demikian, teknik laparoskopi direkomendasikan sebagai pilihan utama dalam penanganan apendisitis akut, terutama di rumah sakit dengan fasilitas dan tenaga medis yang memadai. Penelitian ini juga menyoroti perlunya kajian lokal yang lebih kontekstual terhadap penerapan teknik ini di rumah sakit di Indonesia.(translate inggris)

Post-Cesarean Section (C-Section) patients commonly experience pain caused by surgical incisions in the abdominal area. Unmanaged pain may hinder mobility, interfere with breastfeeding, reduce comfort, and negatively affect maternal psychological well-being. Non-pharmacological pain management is considered an alternative to reduce dependence on analgesics. Foot massage has been proven to improve blood circulation, stimulate endorphin release, and reduce pain intensity, while Qur’anic recitation therapy (murottal) provides psychological and spiritual relaxation that helps decrease pain perception. This study aims to examine the effect of combining foot massage and murottal therapy on pain levels in post-C-section patients at Wijaya Kusuma ward, Limpung General Hospital. The benefit of this study is expected to provide a reference for nursing practice, particularly in implementing holistic non-pharmacological interventions to enhance patient comfort. This research employed a case study design with a nursing care approach involving four post-C-section patients. Interventions included a scheduled combination of foot massage and murottal therapy. Pain levels were measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Data were analyzed descriptively by comparing pain levels before and after intervention. The results showed a reduction in pain intensity from moderate to mild after the combination intervention. Patients also reported increased comfort, improved rest, and reduced anxiety. In conclusion, the combination of foot massage and murottal therapy effectively reduces pain in post-C-section patients. This intervention can be recommended as a non-pharmacological method in nursing care for post-C-section patients.

cesarean section is a delivery technique that involves making an incision in the uterine wall (hysterotomy) through the front abdominal wall (laparotomy). The action of a cesarean section causes a change in the continuity of body tissues that results in pain. This writing aims to apply the provision of lavender aromatherapy as a non-pharmacological nursing intervention at the Islamic Hospital Malahayati Medan, 2nd Floor New Room. This type of writing is a case study using a nursing care approach for a 35-year-old mother diagnosed with post-cesarean section. The intervention provided was the administration of lavender aromatherapy using inhalation methods with a diffuser, by adding 1 cc of lavender essential oil and 10 cc of clean water into the humidifier for 10 – 15 minutes over 3 consecutive days. This was indicated by the patient reporting that pain decreased to a pain scale of 3 from a pain scale of 6. Lavender aromatherapy therapy has proven to be effective as a non-pharmacological therapy in reducing pain intensity after Caesarean section

Background Low back pain is a common complaint experienced by pregnant women, with a prevalence reaching 50% in the UK and Scandinavia and 70% in Australia. In Indonesia, the number of pregnant women in 2020 was recorded at 5,298,285 people, with 114,392 of them in North Sumatra. Physiological changes in pregnancy such as uterine enlargement, shifting center of gravity, weight gain, and the influence of the hormone relaxin can cause ligament stretching and muscle spasms that trigger back pain. Although the coverage of antenatal visits (K1 and K4) in North Sumatra has reached the national target, many pregnant women still complain of back pain, mainly due to low participation in prenatal classes. One non-pharmacological intervention proven to be beneficial in reducing back pain is prenatal exercise. This study aimed to determine the effect of prenatal exercise on back pain in pregnant women at the Tiga Juhar Community Health Center, STM Hulu District, Deli Serdang Regency in 2023. Method: This study used a pre-experimental design with a One Group Pre-test and Post-test design without a control group. The study sample consisted of 32 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria. Back pain intensity data were collected before and after the prenatal exercise intervention, then analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Results: Before prenatal exercise, the majority of respondents experienced moderate back pain (53.1%). After the intervention, the majority of respondents experienced mild pain (59.4%). The Wilcoxon test results showed a p-value of 0.002 (<0.05), indicating a significant difference between back pain intensity before and after prenatal exercise.Conclusion: Prenatal exercise has been shown to significantly reduce back pain in pregnant women. Therefore, prenatal exercise can be recommended as an effective non-pharmacological intervention to improve maternal comfort during pregnancy.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most common degenerative conditions in older adults, often causing pain and limited range of motion (ROM), which negatively affects quality of life. Physiotherapy management plays an important role in reducing pain, improving flexibility, and maintaining joint function. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions in reducing pain and improving ROM in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis. Method: A case study was conducted on a 63-year-old patient at Dr. Soedjono Level II Hospital, Magelang, who underwent three therapy sessions consisting of Infrared (IR), Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) with the hold-relax technique, and static cycling. Assessments were carried out using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Likert Gait Scale (LGS), and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Results: The findings showed a significant reduction in pain on palpation (from 4/10 to 1/10), improvement in knee flexion ROM (from 110° to 135°), and functional enhancement indicated by a decrease in WOMAC scores from 39.58% to 27.08%. Conclusion: These results suggest that structured physiotherapy interventions provide therapeutic benefits in reducing pain, improving joint flexibility, and enhancing functional ability in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Introduction: Back pain during pregnancy is a problem that is often experienced by pregnant women and is complex because it involves not only physical changes, but also psychological aspects. Changes in body biomechanics, weight gain, and shifting of the center of gravity due to uterine enlargement are the main factors that trigger pain complaints, especially in the lower back area. This condition can have a negative impact on the quality of life of pregnant women, interfere with daily activities, and even worsen emotional states due to the emergence of anxiety, fear, and stress if not managed properly. Treatment of back pain in pregnant women can be done through safe non-pharmacological methods, one of which is prenatal yoga. Yoga practice for pregnant women has been proven to provide benefits in the form of relaxation, posture improvement, and increased muscle elasticity. One of the effective movements is the Angry Cat Pose because it is able to stretch the back muscles, improve blood circulation, and reduce pressure on the lower spine. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect  of Angry Cat Pose  exercise on the intensity of back pain in pregnant women in the third trimester. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest design. The study sample consisted of 31 pregnant women in the third trimester with complaints of back pain who visited the Gunungpati Health Center. The research instrument was in the form of a questionnaire, while the data analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon test with a significance level of <0.05. Results: The results showed a significant effect of the Angry Cat Pose  exercise on the reduction of back pain in pregnant women in the third trimester with p=0.000. After the intervention, the majority of respondents experienced a decrease in pain to the mild category on a scale of 1–3. Conclusion: The Angry Cat Pose  exercise has been shown to be effective in reducing back pain in third trimester pregnant women, so it can be recommended as a safe, simple, and routine nonpharmacological intervention under the supervision of health workers.

Back pain is a common complaint among pregnant women, especially in the third trimester, caused by hormonal changes, uterine enlargement, and poor postural balance. If untreated, this pain can disrupt sleep quality and daily activities. The pelvic tilt technique, a non-pharmacological intervention, strengthens abdominal and pelvic muscles, maintains posture, and relieves back pain. This study examined the effect of the pelvic tilt technique on back pain intensity in third-trimester pregnant women at Karangdoro Public Health Center. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The population consisted of all third-trimester pregnant women with physiological back pain (without comorbid conditions or a history of premature rupture of membranes). Using a total sampling technique, 34 respondents were included. The intervention was conducted for seven consecutive days. Data collection employed observation sheets and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test because the normality test yielded p < 0.05. Statistical results showed p = 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating that the pelvic tilt technique significantly reduced back pain intensity. These findings suggest that pelvic tilt exercises can serve as a safe, simple, and effective non-pharmacological alternative therapy to alleviate bapain in third-trimester pregnant women.

Background : Gastritis, an inflammation of the gastric mucosa, is a common health problem that often causes acute pain. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of deep breathing relaxation techniques as a non-pharmacological treatment intervention in reducing pain levels in ulcer patients. Using a case study method, deep breathing relaxation therapy was administered for 5-10 minutes using the technique of inhaling through the nose, holding for 3 seconds, and slowly exhaling through the mouth. Results of observations over 5 days showed a decrease in pain levels in patients. This study concluded that deep breathing relaxation therapy is effective in reducing pain in ulcer patients and recommended its implementation to improve patient knowledge and experience in pain management.

Dysmenorrhea atau dismenore didefinisikan sebagai menstruasi yang menyakitkan serta keluhan ginekologi paling umum terjadi pada wanita usia muda yaitu usia remaja. Keluhan yang dirasakan yaitu nyeri atau kram di perut bagian bawah yang muncul sebelum atau saat menstruasi. Dismenore berpengaruh terhadap gangguan psikologis seperti depresi, kecemasan dan somatisati yang dapat menghambat perkembangan pada remaja. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kejadian dysmenorrhea terhadap perkembangan remaja putri. Jenis penelitian ini survei analitik observasional melalui pendekatan cross seictional stuidy. Populasi adalah seluruh siswi sebanyak 42 orang serta teknik pengambilan sampel total sampling. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar kuesioner. Analisis data yaitu analisa univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian terdapat pengaruh kejadian dysmenorrhea terhadap perkembangan sosial remaja putri dengan nilai p = 0,032, terdapat pengaruh kejadian dysmenorrhea terhadap perkembangan emosional remaja putri dengan nilai p = 0,014, terdapat pengaruh kejadian dysmenorrhea terhadap perkembangan kognitif remaja putri dengan nilai p = 0,047, terdapat pengaruh kejadian dysmenorrhea terhadap perkembangan moral remaja putri dengan nilai p = 0,029. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu ada pengaruh kejadian dysmenorrhea terhadap perkembangan remaja putri.

Hypertension is an increase in systolic blood pressure of more than 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of more than 90 mmHg. Hypertension is not only at high risk of suffering from heart disease, but also suffering from other diseases such as nerve, kidney, and blood vessel diseases and the higher the blood pressure the greater the risk, Signs and symptoms of hypertension that are often felt are dizziness, sleep disturbances, blurred vision, and headaches. One of the non-pharmacological treatments that can be done for hypertension sufferers is progressive muscle relaxation. The purpose of this paper is to discuss progressive muscle relaxation therapy for lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients. The writing method uses a descriptive design with a nursing process approach. The results of the writing show that there is a decrease in blood pressure after progressive muscle relaxation therapy is carried out for 5 days, the results obtained before 150/80 mmHg and after 120/80 mmHg.

Pain is one of the main problems that cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy often experience, both as a direct result of the development of the disease and as a side effect of the therapy undergone. Pain that is not handled properly can decrease the quality of life, interfere with daily activities, and negatively impact the patient's psychological state. Therefore, non-pharmacological interventions are important as a companion effort to medical treatment. This study aims to analyze the effect of the combination of Benson relaxation technique and Quranic Healing therapy on the pain level of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at the Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang. The research uses a quasi experiment design with a nonequivalent control group design approach. The sample size was 36 respondents, divided into intervention groups and control groups, each consisting of 18 respondents. Pain levels were measured with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) instrument before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test for differences within groups and the Mann–Whitney test for differences between groups. The results showed a significant decrease in pain levels in the intervention group (p = 0.000) compared to the control group (p = 0.046), with a significant difference between the two groups after the intervention (p = 0.001). In conclusion, the combination of Benson relaxation techniques and Quranic Healing has been shown to be effective in reducing pain in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. These interventions can be recommended as an alternative to non-pharmacological nursing measures to improve the comfort and quality of life of cancer patients.

Introduction Shoulder pain is one of the most common complaints of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) experienced by workers due to non-ergonomic working postures, repetitive movements, and excessive workloads. This condition can reduce productivity and overall quality of life. Objective To increase restaurant workers’ knowledge about shoulder pain prevention through ergonomic education and simple stretching exercises that can be performed independently. Methods A descriptive observational study was conducted involving 20 kitchen workers at Potre Koneng Restaurant. The program consisted of permission procedures, workplace observation, questionnaire distribution, and health education using a leaflet. The educational material included the definition of shoulder pain, signs and symptoms, risk factors, preventive measures, and simple stretching techniques. Results The Form revealed that most workers experienced shoulder pain related to bending postures, lifting loads >5 kg, and limited rest breaks. Following the education session, participants demonstrated improved understanding of proper working posture and the importance of regular stretching, and expressed willingness to practice it during work breaks. Conclusion Ergonomic education and stretching exercises were effective in improving awareness of shoulder pain prevention among informal sector workers. Similar programs are recommended as promotive and preventive measures in high-risk workplaces.