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Perkembangan teknologi digital telah meningkatkan penggunaan game online pada remaja, yang berpotensi menimbulkan berbagai keluhan fisik akibat penggunaan perangkat secara berlebihan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara durasi bermain game online dengan keluhan fisik pada remaja. Penelitian menggunakan desain analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja usia 12–18 tahun yang aktif bermain game online, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 315 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terkait durasi bermain dan keluhan fisik yang dirasakan responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas responden bermain game selama 1–3 jam per hari (63,5%), namun sebagian besar mengalami keluhan fisik berat (65,1%). Keluhan yang paling dominan adalah mata pedih/kering (73,0%) dan nyeri leher/pinggang (66,7%). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara durasi bermain game online dengan keluhan fisik (p-value < 0,001). Remaja yang bermain lebih dari 6 jam per hari memiliki risiko 6,55 kali lebih besar untuk mengalami keluhan fisik berat dibandingkan dengan yang bermain 1–3 jam per hari. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin lama durasi bermain game online, semakin tinggi risiko terjadinya keluhan fisik pada remaja. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya pembatasan durasi bermain, penerapan pola penggunaan gadget yang sehat, serta edukasi dari orang tua, sekolah, dan tenaga kesehatan untuk mencegah dampak negatif terhadap kesehatan remaja

Low back pain is one of the most common complaints experienced by pregnant women, particularly in the third trimester, as a result of various physiological, hormonal, and biomechanical changes that occur during pregnancy. Changes in posture, weight gain, and shifts in the center of gravity contribute to the development of this condition. This study aims to examine various non-pharmacological interventions that can be used to reduce low back pain in pregnant women and to analyze the role of midwives in implementing these interventions in midwifery practice. The method employed is a narrative literature review synthesizing ten verified and relevant studies, particularly those discussing prenatal yoga and pregnancy exercise as forms of non-pharmacological intervention. The results indicate that the implementation of prenatal yoga and pregnancy exercise is effective in reducing the intensity of low back pain, improving muscle flexibility and strength, and providing physical and psychological relaxation for pregnant women. In addition, these interventions contribute to increased comfort and improved quality of life during pregnancy. The findings of this study support the importance of evidence-based midwifery practice and highlight the active role of midwives in providing education, assistance, and empowerment for pregnant women through the application of safe and effective non-pharmacological interventions.

Postoperative pain is a prevalent condition encountered by patients after surgical interventions and may negatively influence physical recovery as well as psychological well-being when inadequately managed. Conventional pain management strategies that primarily depend on pharmacological agents may lead to undesirable side effects, thereby emphasizing the importance of complementary non-pharmacological approaches. One intervention increasingly applied in nursing care is guided imagery. This review aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of guided imagery in alleviating pain intensity among postoperative patients. A scoping review methodology was employed, with article identification guided by the PICO framework across national and international academic databases. Eligible studies included full-text research articles published within the past five years, written in either Indonesian or English, and specifically examining the use of guided imagery in postoperative settings. A total of ten studies met the inclusion criteria and were subjected to in-depth analysis. The results consistently demonstrated a significant reduction in pain intensity following the implementation of guided imagery across various surgical procedures, including cesarean delivery, appendectomy, fracture surgery, cholelithiasis, and abdominal operations. The intervention, delivered for 10–20 minutes per session, effectively reduced pain levels from moderate to severe to mild, with statistically significant outcomes (p < 0.05). Moreover, guided imagery was found to enhance patient relaxation, comfort, and psychological stability. These findings indicate that guided imagery represents a safe and effective non-pharmacological nursing intervention that can be integrated into evidence-based postoperative pain management.  

Nyeri persalinan merupakan tantangan utama yang dihadapi ibu, khususnya pada kala I fase aktif. Penggunaan metode non-farmakologis seperti endorphin massage menjadi alternatif yang aman dan efektif untuk mengurangi nyeri tanpa efek samping. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efektivitas endorphin massage dalam menurunkan intensitas nyeri pada ibu bersalin kala I fase aktif. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuasi-eksperimen dengan pendekatan pretest-posttest with control group. Sebanyak 12 responden dibagi menjadi dua kelompok: intervensi (diberikan endorphin massage) dan kontrol (perawatan standar). Intensitas nyeri diukur menggunakan Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji paired t-test dan independent t-test dengan tingkat signifikansi p < 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata skor nyeri pada kelompok intervensi menurun signifikan dari 7,5 menjadi 4,0 (p = 0,000), sementara pada kelompok kontrol hanya turun dari 7,3 menjadi 7,0 dan tidak signifikan (p = 0,308). Uji independent t-test juga menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara kedua kelompok setelah intervensi (p = 0,000). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa endorphin massage terbukti efektif sebagai intervensi non-farmakologis untuk mengurangi nyeri persalinan. Teknik ini dapat diterapkan dalam praktik kebidanan sebagai metode yang aman, mudah, dan berpusat pada kenyamanan ibu.

Cold compresses or cryotherapy are one of the non-pharmacological therapies often used in nursing practice to help reduce pain, especially in patients with fractures. Fractures are often accompanied by acute pain that can inhibit mobilization, prolong recovery time, and reduce patient comfort. Therefore, a safe, effective, and easy-to-use pain management method is needed. This article was compiled with the aim of identifying and mapping scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of cold compresses in reducing pain intensity in fracture patients. This study used the Arksey and O'Malley model in conducting the analysis, with articles searched through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for the 2021–2025 publication period. The article selection process followed the PRISMA flow. A review of ten articles showed that most studies used quantitative designs, both experimental and quasi-experimental. The results of the analysis of 11 articles consisted of 8 quantitative articles with experimental and quasi-experimental designs, while 2 articles were case studies. These articles generally discuss the effectiveness of cold compresses in reducing pain intensity in fracture patients using various measurement instruments, such as NRS, VAS, Wong-Baker Faces Scale, and Bourbanis Pain Scale. In addition to reducing pain, several studies also reported that cold compresses can reduce edema, increase mobility, and improve patient comfort. However, variations in the duration, frequency, and method of cold compress application were still found, so there is a need to develop a more standardized protocol in nursing practice.

Postoperative pain is a common clinical condition experienced by patients after surgical procedures and may hinder the recovery process if not properly managed. In addition to pharmacological therapy, safe and effective non-pharmacological interventions are needed, one of which is early mobilization. This study aimed to analyze the effect of early mobilization on pain reduction in postoperative surgical patients. A scoping review method was conducted based on the Arksey and O’Malley framework. Literature searches were performed using ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases with a PICO strategy, including articles published within the last five years. From a total of 167,948 identified articles, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The results showed that early mobilization performed gradually and according to patients’ clinical conditions had a significant effect on reducing postoperative pain intensity. In addition, early mobilization was associated with improved comfort, enhanced functional recovery, and faster postoperative rehabilitation without increasing the risk of complications. Although variations were found in the timing and type of mobilization across studies, overall evidence supports that early mobilization is safe and effective. In conclusion, early mobilization can be recommended as an evidence-based nursing intervention for postoperative pain management.

Postoperative pain is a common physiological response following surgical procedures, and its suboptimal management can have physiological and psychological effects, including sleep disturbances, decreased functional capacity, increased anxiety, and deterioration in quality of life. This scoping review aims to describe the empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of music therapy in reducing the intensity of postoperative pain in surgical patients. A systematic search was conducted through four major databases (ScienceDirect, PubMed, Neliti, and Google Scholar) using Boolean operators and keywords such as ‘postoperative pain,’ ‘music therapy,’ and ‘pain scale.’ Inclusion criteria included articles published in the last decade, in English or Indonesian, and available in full text format. In accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines, this review analysed 10 articles. The synthesis of results showed that music therapy consistently reduced pain intensity, anxiety, and analgesic requirements through mechanisms such as increased endorphin secretion, decreased stress hormone levels, and activation of the gate control theory. Typically administered for 15–30 minutes, music therapy is a safe, cost-effective, and patient-acceptable non-pharmacological modality. This intervention is recommended as an adjunct component in perioperative pain management in nursing practice, although further standardised research is needed to improve consistency.

Acute pain is a complex phenomenon frequently experienced by post-surgical patients. If not properly managed, it can hinder the recovery process and increase the risk of chronic complications. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the concept of acute pain in surgical patients from a nursing perspective to improve the quality of care. The method used was a narrative literature review, analyzing various research articles and clinical protocols related to surgical pain management. The study findings indicate that acute post-surgical pain involves sensory and emotional dimensions influenced by the type of surgical procedure, individual pain threshold, and the effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Furthermore, the role of nurses in conducting accurate pain assessments and patient education is a key factor in successful pain management. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of implementing integrated multimodality pain management protocols and improving nurses' competency in conducting intensive monitoring. Optimizing pain management is expected to accelerate patient mobilization, shorten hospital stays, and increase patient satisfaction with nursing services.

During gravidity, back pain is a significant issue, especially due to changes in posture along with increasing physical load in the third trimester. Muscle relaxation and stretching exercises for pregnant women can help reduce back pain, one of which is the butterfly exercise. That study aims until determine the impact to the butterfly activity on gravidity in their third trimester at TPMB Amilia Intarti Klampisrejo, Pasuruan Regency. A quantitative method was used with a quasi-experimental approach employing a one-group pre-test also post-test design. The study involved 32 third-trimester gravidity as respondents. Data were collected using purposive sampling, before-and-after measurements, and assessed with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The intervention be carried out over a period of four weeks. The findings show that the butterfly pregnancy exercise effectively reduces back pain in third-trimester gravid. Therefore, the butterfly exercise can serve as an alternative method to help alleviate back pain and enhance comfort during pregnancy.  

Deteksi nyeri secara objektif merupakan tantangan penting dalam dunia medis, terutama bagi pasien yang tidak mampu menyampaikan rasa sakitnya secara verbal, seperti bayi, lansia, atau penderita gangguan komunikasi. Teknologi non- invasif berbasis sensor menjadi solusi potensial untuk mengatasi keterbatasan metode subjektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan meninjau secara sistematis literatur terkini mengenai penerapan Radar MIMO dan algoritma kecerdasan buatan dalam deteksi nyeri non-invasif. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pedoman PRISMA 2020, melalui penelusuran basis data IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, dan SpringerLink untuk periode 2021– 2025. Dari hasil seleksi diperoleh 17 artikel inklusi yang mencakup penggunaan Radar MIMO, UNBC-McMaster, BioVid, Medical Imaging (CT/MRI), Radar SISO, serta studi review, survey, bibliometrik, dan teoretis. Dari sisi algoritma, CNN dan SVM menjadi pendekatan paling dominan, diikuti Neural Network dan metode lain, dengan tren yang mengarah pada penggunaan multimodal untuk meningkatkan akurasi. Hasil penilaian kualitas dengan GRADE menunjukkan mayoritas studi berkualitas sedang, dengan keterbatasan utama pada ukuran sampel kecil, pelabelan nyeri yang belum konsisten, bias populasi, serta kurangnya validasi klinis nyata. Kesimpulannya, Radar MIMO dan algoritma deep learning memiliki potensi besar untuk deteksi nyeri non-invasif. Namun, penelitian lanjutan perlu difokuskan pada pembangunan dataset yang lebih inklusif, standarisasi pelabelan nyeri, serta pengujian dalam konteks klinis, dengan memperhatikan aspek etika dan privasi agar teknologi ini dapat diimplementasikan secara luas dalam layanan kesehatan.

ABSTRACT Background: Pain is the most common complaint and can interfere with patient comfort. Pain management can be done pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically. Acupressure that can reduce pain is Li 4 acupressure. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in pain intensity of post-cesarean section wounds before and after acupressure point Li 4. Method: The research method used was Pre Experiment using the One Group Pretest Postest Design research design approach. The number of samples in this study was 50 people using purposive sampling techniques. The pain measurement instrument used a numeric scale and the statistical test used was the Wilcoxon test. Results: Based on the Wilcoxon test, the difference between the average value of pain intensity before and after therapy was 1.3 points, a p-value of 0.00 or <0.05. Conclusion: Li 4 acupressure therapy can reduce pain intensity.

Anemia dan dismenore adalah masalah kesehatan yang umum dan saling berhubungan pada remaja putri, di mana prevalensi anemia di Indonesia masih tinggi (22,7%) dan berisiko memperparah nyeri menstruasi yang mengganggu aktivitas. Program pengabdian masyarakat dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 1 Cawas, Klaten, dengan sasaran siswi kelas XII, bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran mereka mengenai anemia dan dismenore, faktor risiko, tanda-gejala, serta strategi pencegahan melalui penyuluhan dan screening kesehatan. Hasil dari kegiatan ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan yang signifikan, terbukti dari kenaikan rata-rata nilai tes dari 58,3 (pre-test) menjadi 82,7 (post-test), serta peningkatan proporsi siswi dengan pengetahuan baik dari 32% menjadi 85%, menunjukkan dampak positif edukasi tersebut terhadap pemahaman siswi.

Overview: Back pain during pregnancy is a common problem experienced by approximately 50–70% of pregnant women. Back pain during pregnancy is caused by an imbalance between the muscle activity in the lumbar region. Several maternal factors are known to play a role in the onset of back pain during pregnancy, including maternal age, body mass index (BMI), number of pregnancies (gravida), and physical activity. Research Method: This is a quantitative analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. The sample size was 33 pregnant women in their third trimester. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, and data analysis used the Chi-square test. Research Results: There was a relationship between BMI and back pain (p-value: 0.015), and there was no relationship between maternal age (p-value: 0.715), gravida (p-value: 0.442), and physical activity (p-value: 0.156) and back pain in pregnant women in their third trimester. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between BMI and back pain in pregnant women in their third trimester, and there was no significant relationship between maternal age, gravida, and physical activity and back pain in pregnant women in their third trimester.

Low back pain is a discomforting condition that can cause various disorders and potentially disrupt a person's quality of life, such as causing decreased work productivity. Therefore, it is important for the community, especially farmers in Bulakrejo Hamlet, Ngawi Regency. To improve understanding of low back pain, efforts are needed to expand farmers' knowledge regarding this condition, including its definition, prevention, and treatment in Bulakrejo Hamlet. The method applied was providing physiotherapy education through health promotion about low back pain using leaflets as a medium for information delivery. A question and answer session was also conducted to measure the level of understanding of farmers in Bulakrejo Hamlet and provide exercises that can address problems of weakness, stiffness, limitations and pain in the back muscles. The activity ran smoothly and the material was easily understood by farmers in Bulakrejo Hamlet. Evaluation results showed an increase in farmers' knowledge, from 40% to 90%. The extension activity proved effective in increasing farmers' understanding of low back pain cases.

Latar Belakang: Kehamilan merupakan salah satu tahap kehidupan yang harus dipersiapkan oleh seorang perempuan, dalam proses kehamilan terjadi perubahan fisiologis dan psikologis karena adanya peningkatan estrogen dan progesterone lamanya sekitar 280 hari atau 40 minggu atau 9 bulan salah satu komplikasi dalam masa kehamilan yaitu nyeri punggung. Senam hamil dapat meringankan nyeri punggung bawah yang dirasakan ibu hamil karena di dalam senam hamil terdapat gerakan yang dapat memperkuat otot abdomen, membuat elastisitas otot dan ligamen yang ada di punggung dan relaksasi, sehingga senam hamil dapat menurunkan nyeri punggung bagian bawah. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh senam hamil terhadap nyeri punggung pada ibu hamil trimester III di TPMB Nani, Nur Cahyani Tahun 2024. Metode: yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei analitik yaitu dengan pendekatan cross sectional, teknik purposive sampling, populasi dalam penelitian ini ibu hamil trimester III di TPMB Nani Nur Cahyani dengan jumlah sampel 40. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh senam hamil terhadap nyeri punggung pada ibu hamil trimester III dengan nilai p value sebesar 0,000 (<0,05), maka Ha diterima H0 ditolak. Kesimpulan: Terdapat penegaruh senam hamil terhadap nyeri punggung pada ibu hamil trimester III.

Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders in the elderly, characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage, chronic pain, joint stiffness, and reduced functional capacity. In Indonesia, the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis is notably high, affecting over 30% of individuals aged above 60 years. This condition leads to significant health burdens, impaired quality of life, and increased economic costs. Non-pharmacological management strategies such as hydrotherapy and quadriceps exercise are widely recommended to relieve pain and improve joint function. Hydrotherapy utilizes the physical properties of water including buoyancy, hydrostatic pressure, viscosity, and warmth to reduce joint loading, enhance circulation, and promote relaxation. Quadriceps exercise, on the other hand, focuses on strengthening the quadriceps muscle to stabilize the knee joint, thereby reducing pain and improving functionality. The combination of these two interventions is expected to provide greater benefits than a single modality. Research Design: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre-post test approach on 12 elderly respondents with knee osteoarthritis at OSF Magdalena Daemen BSB Convent. Pain was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before and after the intervention, which consisted of hydrotherapy and quadriceps exercise administered twice a week for four weeks. Results: The findings showed a decrease in the mean pain score from 4.42 to 3.08, with the Wilcoxon test yielding p = 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference in pain levels before and after the intervention. Conclusion: The combination of hydrotherapy and quadriceps exercise is effective in reducing pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Malaria is a global health problem, especially in tropical countries like Indonesia. Papua, with 14,586 cases, and Jayapura City in 2023 had 29,938 cases. This is due to nocturnal activities, knowledge, and preventive measures, which contribute to the high incidence of malaria. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with malaria incidence at Bhayangkara Hospital Class II, Jayapura. This research was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire. A total of 82 respondents were recruited using a simple accidental sampling technique. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using the chi-square test. Based on the analysis results, it was found that of the 82 respondents, the characteristics of the respondents were mostly aged > 20 years (74 people (90.2%), male (48 people (58.5%) and unemployed (53 people (64.6%). There was a significant relationship between nighttime activities and malaria incidence at Bhayangkara Hospital Level II Jayapura. (p-value 0.015 <α (0.05). There was a significant relationship between knowledge and malaria incidence at Bhayangkara Hospital Level II Jayapura (p-value 0.000 <α (0.05). There was a significant relationship between malaria prevention measures and malaria incidence at Bhayangkara Hospital Level II Jayapura (p-value 0.008 <α (0.05). Nighttime activities, knowledge and malaria prevention measures were significantly associated with malaria incidence.

Sectio caesarean surgery is a surgical procedure that can effectively prevent ma- ternal and newborn deaths when used for reasons of medical indications. Post operative sectio caesarean can pose several risks of complications, one of which is pain and surgical wound infection. Non pharmacological approach aromatherapy as a complementary therapy to reduce postpartum pain. This case study aims to analyze the influence aromatherapy lavender on reducing pain levels in post sectio caesarean mothers by using the case study method pre and post test. The case study was carried out in 25 May 2025 – 07 June 2025. This type of case study is descriptive with the number of subjects used, namely three post partum mothers in the RSUD Batang private sector with pain assessment using a questionnaire Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The results of the case study showed a change in pain intensity from a scale of 6-7 to a scale of 4-5. This shows an influence aromatherapy lavender on reducing pain levels in postpartum mothers caesarean section Giving innovation aromatherapy can be used as an independent nursing in- tervention so that it can be applied to patients regularly.

Work activities in workshops often require static and repetitive body positions, such as bending over, lifting heavy loads, or reaching into narrow areas of vehicles. These habits can gradually cause muscle tension and lead to neck and lower back pain. Given the high risk, physiotherapy counseling on occupational safety and health (OSH) and ergonomics was conducted to provide practical understanding to B-Garage, Batu City workshop workers. The counseling was delivered interactively through material presentations, direct discussions, and demonstrations of stretching exercises that can be easily applied in daily activities. The results of the activity showed a very significant increase in knowledge; participants who initially did not understand the principles of ergonomics and musculoskeletal pain prevention were able to identify work risks and practice stretching exercises correctly after the education session. This change was clearly evident from the post-test results, which showed a significant overall improvement compared to the pre-test. These findings indicate that physical therapy education not only enhances knowledge but also promotes behavioral changes toward safer, more comfortable, and more productive work patterns.

Background: Section Caesarea (SC) is the process of giving birth through surgery by making an incision in the mother's stomach (laparatomy) and uterus (hysterectomy) to remove the baby. 75% of surgical patients experience moderate to severe pain after surgery. Women experience high levels of pain intensity for 24 hours after SC. Objective: The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of lavender aromatherapy to reduce pain intensity in post-section caesarean mothers at Muhammadiyah Kalikapas Hospital. Methods: In this research, researchers used a Quasi Experimental type of research with a one group pre test and post test design. The population was 39 and a sample of 35 patients was obtained using purposive sampling. This research data uses the Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) observation sheet. After tabulating the data, it was analyzed using the Wilcoxon test with a significance level of p= ? ? 0.05. The results of the study showed that before being given lavender aromatherapy, most of the 35 post- SC mothers experienced severe pain, after treatment 19 people (54.3%) experienced moderate pain. Result: The Wilxocon Test results obtained a significant value, namely p-value 0.000, then Ha is accepted so it can be concluded that there is an effect of using lavender aromatherapy to reduce pain intensity in post caesarean section. This means that there is an influence of the use of Lavender Aromatherapy to Reduce Pain Intensity in Post Sectio Caesarea Mothers at Muhammadiyah Kalikapas Hospital in 2024. Conclusion: Lavender Aromatherapy can be a non-pharmacological therapy in reducing pain intensity for post SC Mothers