This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the concept and implementation of skill management as a cohesive set of competencies encompassing technical, interpersonal, conceptual, and strategic skills within organizational and entrepreneurial contexts. The background highlights the critical role of skill management in addressing the challenges posed by a highly competitive and rapidly evolving business environment, where mastery of these competencies determines both individual and organizational effectiveness in planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources to achieve collective objectives. Grounded in a literature review of seminal works by Robbins & Coulter, Katz, Drucker, Mintzberg, Armstrong, and Barney & Hesterly, this study adopts a structured approach that covers definitions, classification of skill types, their roles in organizations, development strategies, implementation challenges, and applications in entrepreneurship. The findings indicate that: (1) technical, human, and conceptual skills are complementary across different managerial levels; (2) skill development requires a blend of formal education, field practice, mentorship, and technology utilization; (3) primary challenges include technological adaptation, complexity of decision-making, and limitations in training resources; and (4) in entrepreneurial ventures, effective skill management is fundamental to planning, finance, human resources, innovation, and communication. In conclusion, skill management should not be viewed as a static competency but as a strategic asset that must be continuously enhanced through lifelong learning, enabling both individuals and organizations to sustain growth and resilience in the era of globalization and digital transformation.

Although business development is a concept that has been applied in entrepreneurial practice, academic attention to its dynamics in the context of micro-enterprises is still very limited. This study aims to explore the core strategies in culinary UMKM business development and the challenges, by taking a case study of the culinary clusters on Jalan Pulosari and Jalan Kawi in Malang City. Through a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews with 30 micro-enterprises, this study identified three core business development activities that focus on utilizing business resources, as well as three supporting activities that function to secure and organize these resources. This finding indicate that all business development activities are centered on three main practices: leveraging, securing, and organizing resources, as explained in the resource-based view framework. In addition, this study reveals three contextual factors that influence UMKM development strategies: business sector, company age, and involvement in local business incubators. The theoretical contribution of this study lies in the development of a new conceptualization of business development in the microenterprise sector, which forms the majority of the global economic structure, but often fails to embark on a sustainable growth path. Practical implications are also offered, including strategies for time management and strengthening managerial capacity in response to perceived resource constraints. This study also proposes a further research agenda to explore the dynamics of business development in UMKM with more diverse qualities and contexts.

Sustainable business transformation has become a cornerstone of modern corporate strategy in addressing environmental, social, and economic challenges. The Sustainability-Led Innovation (SLI) approach provides an innovation framework that embeds sustainability principles into business models, fostering organizational adaptability and long-term value creation. This study aims to (1) identify the mechanisms for integrating SLI into sustainable business models, (2) evaluate SLI’s contribution to competitive advantage, and (3) analyze the development of dynamic capabilities to support sustainability initiatives. By combining the Sustainability-Driven Business Model Innovation (SBMI), Dynamic Capability Theory (DCT), and Triple Bottom Line (TBL) frameworks, this qualitative research utilizes in-depth interviews and document analysis of culinary SMEs in Malang. Findings reveal that organizations adopting SLI achieve higher operational efficiency, respond more agilely to regulatory changes, and attract stronger consumer loyalty. These insights underscore the necessity of embedding sustainable innovation strategies into long-term business planning to secure resilient competitive advantage.

Entrepreneurship plays a significant role in global economic growth. However, not all entrepreneurs achieve success. This study aims to deeply examine the mindset and character that serve as the fundamental basis for entrepreneurial success, as well as the influencing factors and strategies for fostering these qualities based on a literature review. Through a literature review method, it was found that successful entrepreneurs possess a growth mindset, are solution-oriented, and adaptive, supported by specific thinking methods like BETSCA (Bricolage, Effectuation, Think Structurally, Cognitive Adaptability). Furthermore, key characters such as commitment, creativity, resilience, risk-taking propensity, and networking ability are crucial elements. The study also identified various driving factors and types of motivation (intrinsic-extrinsic) in entrepreneurship. Another important finding is that the entrepreneurial spirit and character can be learned and developed through personal commitment, a supportive environment, education, and continuous learning processes. The conclusion of this study asserts that the combination of the right mindset and strong character, along with the ability to continuously develop both, is essential for increasing the chances of success in the world of entrepreneurship.

the digital and globalization era, entrepreneurs face complex challenges related to intellectual property rights (IPR) violations, such as piracy, brand counterfeiting, and idea theft. This phenomenon not only has an impact on the legal aspect, but also creates significant business ethics dilemmas. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the application of business ethics and IPR protection in the context of entrepreneurship, and to explore how the integration of the two can improve business competitiveness and sustainability. The methodology used is a qualitative literature study with a descriptive-analytical approach, reviewing various sources such as scientific journals, legal regulations related to IPR, and case studies of entrepreneurs who apply ethical principles and IPR protection. The results of the study indicate that the application of strong business ethics has a significant impact on the awareness and compliance of business actors in protecting intellectual property. Meanwhile, an understanding of IPR law can encourage innovation and create a fair and sustainable business climate. This is in accordance with the theory of the application of business ethics, IPR protection and legal protection for consumers have a significant influence on business, emphasizing the importance of integrating the three to support fair and sustainable business practices. This study confirms that the integration of business ethics and IPR protection is not only a formal legal aspect, but also an important strategy in building a positive image, consumer trust, and long-term business sustainability. Therefore, education and awareness of the importance of business ethics and IPR protection need to be increased among entrepreneurs to create a healthy, competitive and sustainable business ecosystem.

The crucial role that creativity and innovation play in fostering entrepreneurial success is examined in this study. Entrepreneurs must not only stay relevant but also promote sustainable growth in a fiercely competitive and quickly evolving business environment. Creativity and innovation are essential components that set successful companies apart from those that find it difficult to adjust. Despite their significance, little is known about the direct effects of these two ideas on entrepreneurial outcomes, especially for small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs). The goal of this essay is to present a thorough examination of the elements that affect creativity and innovation in entrepreneurship, looking at how they interact and how they affect long-term company performance. The study also identifies the obstacles that prevent inventive and creative processes in business endeavors and provides actionable suggestions for entrepreneurs to improve these areas of their operations. This study aids in the creation of fresh theoretical frameworks and useful methods for entrepreneurship by pinpointing the primary forces behind creativity and innovation. The results highlight how important it is to develop a creative and inventive attitude since it is necessary to get a competitive edge and maintain long-term company success in the fast-paced global market of today.

Inovasi sosial dan kewirausahaan sosial telah menjadi strategi utama dalam menciptakan solusi berkelanjutan bagi tantangan sosial dan ekonomi yang tidak dapat diselesaikan oleh pendekatan bisnis konvensional. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk: 1) Menganalisis inovasi sosial dan perannya dalam kewirausahaan sosial; 2) Mengidentifikasi hubungan antara inovasi sosial dan keberlanjutan UMKM dalam konteks ekonomi berbasis dampak sosial; 3) Menjelaskan faktor-faktor utama yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan kewirausahaan sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan inovasi sosial berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan daya saing dan ketahanan UMKM melalui penerapan model bisnis berbasis dampak sosial, ekonomi sirkular, serta digitalisasi bisnis. Keberhasilan kewirausahaan sosial dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal, seperti kepemimpinan yang visioner, strategi pengelolaan sumber daya manusia yang efektif, serta model bisnis yang adaptif dan inovatif. Sementara itu, faktor eksternal yang berperan mencakup dukungan kebijakan pemerintah, akses terhadap pendanaan berbasis dampak sosial, serta kemitraan strategis dengan sektor swasta dan akademisi. Indikator utama keberhasilan kewirausahaan sosial mencakup pengukuran dampak sosial dan ekonomi, keberlanjutan finansial dan operasional, serta efektivitas model bisnis dalam menjangkau masyarakat yang lebih luas. Sebagai implikasi, makalah ini merekomendasikan penguatan kebijakan publik yang mendukung bisnis sosial, peningkatan akses pendanaan berbasis dampak, serta integrasi inovasi sosial dalam strategi pengembangan UMKM. Dengan menciptakan ekosistem yang lebih mendukung bagi kewirausahaan sosial, diharapkan inovasi sosial dapat menjadi pilar utama dalam pembangunan ekonomi yang lebih inklusif dan berkelanjutan.

Managing human resources and entrepreneurship are two crucial components of any successful organization. Human resources management focuses on recruiting, training, and retaining employees to ensure they can perform their job duties effectively. On the other hand, entrepreneurship involves the creation and development of new business ventures, products, or services. Both areas play a significant role in the overall success and growth of a company. In this paper, we will explore the intersection of human resources management and entrepreneurship, examining how these two disciplines can work together to drive innovation and organizational success. By leveraging the expertise and creativity of both HR professionals and entrepreneurs, companies can cultivate a culture of innovation and adaptability. This collaboration can lead to the development of cutting-edge products and services, as well as the implementation of forward-thinking HR practices that attract and retain top talent. However, integrating HR and entrepreneurship may also present challenges, such as balancing risk-taking with employee well-being and ensuring that organizational goals align with individual aspirations. Despite these obstacles, the potential benefits of combining these disciplines are vast, offering companies a strategic advantage in today's competitive business landscape.

Entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in economic growth, especially for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). One of the main factors for entrepreneurial success is the effective implementation of the marketing mix. This paper discusses the concept of the marketing mix in entrepreneurship by highlighting the 4P elements (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) which have evolved into 7P with the addition of People, Process, and Physical Evidence. The discussion includes the implementation of the marketing mix, strategies for facing business challenges, and its impact on competitiveness and business growth. This study highlights how entrepreneurs can optimize marketing elements through product innovation, value-based pricing strategies, the use of digitalization in distribution, as well as social media-based promotion and marketing technology. Additionally, this paper reviews various challenges in the implementation of the marketing mix, such as limited capital, intense competition, and changes in consumer behavior, as well as adaptation strategies through guerrilla marketing, strategic partnerships, and data-driven approaches. The findings in this study indicate that the application of a flexible and innovative marketing mix can enhance business competitiveness and sustainability. By understanding the relationship between the marketing mix and entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs can develop more effective marketing strategies to face the ever-evolving market dynamics.

The purpose of this service program is to provide knowledge and skills related to processing waste, especially paper/inorganic waste into products that have a sale value. Participants in this program are 20 fostered residents from Class 1 prisons in Malang. The method of implementing this activity is carried out by providing guidance, in the form of providing material, demonstrations to direct practice. As a result of this training activity, participants can develop products such as vases, tissue boxes, bags, etc. from the rolls of paper they make. The participants were very enthusiastic in implementing the program, because this program is in line with previous programs related to waste management as a zero waste lifestyle education.