Fruits and vegetables are essential for global nutrition and economic growth, yet they are among the most perishable food commodities, contributing to major postharvest losses worldwide. Freeze drying is widely recognized as a superior preservation method that maintains the structural integrity, nutritional value, and sensory quality of fresh produce. Despite its advantages, freeze drying is energy-intensive, posing challenges for cost-effectiveness and sustainability in large-scale applications. This review explores the freeze drying process in detail, highlighting the critical operational parameters such as freezing rate, chamber pressure, shelf temperature, and sample thickness, that influence both product quality and energy consumption. Additionally, the role of cryoprotectants in preserving bioactive compounds during drying is discussed. By identifying optimization strategies for these parameters, this study aims to support the development of more energy-efficient and economically viable freeze drying systems for the fruit and vegetable processing industry.

Latar Belakang: Penyakit ginjal kronis (Chronnic Kidney Disease) merupakan penyakit gagal ginjal dimana terdapat penurunan fungsi ginjal yang ditandai dengan penurunan glomerulus filtration rate (GFR).Terapi yang sering dilakukan oleh penderita CKD adalah dengan cara hemodialisis dan peritonealialisa. Tujuan :  memberikan gambaran penerapan intervensi dzikir pada pasien CKD dengan diagnosis keperawatan gangguan pola tidur di ruang Dahlia RSUD Wates. Metode: penelitian ini adalah penelitian studi kasus observasional yang mengeksplorasi masalah keperawatan terutama gangguan pola tidur. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa wawancara, dan observasi. Hasil:  Pengkajian Pada penapisan paliatif diperoleh skor 5 yaitu pasien tersebut perlu intervensi palliative. Dalam Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) pasien mengalami tidak bisa tidur, pasien dengan depresi sedang. Didalam aktivitas fisik pada pasien terdapat skor karnofsky 50 % yaitu sering memerlukan bantuan, sering memerlukan perawatan medis. Dalam kebutuhan spiritualnya pasien CKD adalah 76 dimana merupakan spiritual sedang. Kesimpulan: pasien mengalami peningkatan kualitas tidur menggunakan Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). setelah dilakukan intervensi dzikir yang ditandai dengan penurunan skor PSQI dari 17 menjadi 12 atau dari kategori berat menjadi kategori ringan kemudian pasien mampu tidur lebih cepat yang biasanya lebih dari jam 12 malam, setelah dilakukan intervensi dzikir pasien mampu tidur kurang dari jam 10 malam.

Predicting credit worthiness is an important step for banks to reduce the risk of bad credit. This research compares the performance of four classification algorithms, namely SVM, Naïve Bayes, Random Forest and Decision Tree using simulated datasets. The results obtained on the metrics of accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and AUC-ROC, show that Decision Tree has the best performance with 42.5% accuracy, 48.3% precision, 47.5% recall, 47.5% F1 score, and AUC 0.60, indicating its ability to is in differentiating credit worthiness. Random Forest achieved an accuracy of 37.5% and an AUC of 0.493, while Naïve Bayes had the lowest accuracy with an accuracy of 27.5% and an AUC of 0.425. SVM gives better results than Naïve Bayes but is still inferior to Decision Tree. This research recommends implementing a Decision Tree as the main model with optimization through hyperparameter tuning, adding relevant features, and handling data accounting. These results are expected to support banking decision making more effectively and efficiently.

This research aims to examine the influence of audit quality, debt default and financial distress on going concern audit opinions. The population in this research are Consumer Cyclicals sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020 - 2023. The sampling technique used was the purposive sampling method. The population in this study was 78 companies with 312 observations. This research was measured using SPSS 23 and tests were carried out, namely descriptive statistical analysis, classic assumption tests, namely multicollinearity tests, binomial logistic regression tests (overall model fit, goodness of fit and coefficient of determination or R2), hypothesis tests (partial tests and simultaneous tests). The results of this research show that audit quality has a negative effect on going concern audit opinion, debt default has a positive effect on going concern audit opinion, financial distress has no effect on going concern audit opinion.

Bullying behavior in the school environment is a serious challenge that affects students' welfare and creates a learning environment that is not conducive. This research aims to investigate the dynamics of bullying behavior, focusing on identifying the perpetrator, protecting the victim's right to life, and implementing just, civilized humanity in the educational context. Qualitative research methods were used, by exploring data from document studies, including school policies, bullying incident reports, and student behavior records. The research results show the complexity of the factors driving bullying behavior, involving social inequality, family problems, and a lack of awareness of the consequences of actions. Protection of victims' rights to life is proven to need improvement through evaluating school policies and implementing effective reporting procedures. The implementation of just, civilized human values ??shows positive steps, however, challenges arise in monitoring and evaluating these programs. The conclusions of this research underscore the urgency of involving teachers, school staff and the entire educational community in efforts to prevent and deal with bullying. With a deep understanding of this problem, it is hoped that a safer, more inclusive and humane school environment can be created

The results of the research show that the marketing of the batik industry is an effort to increase labor income in Danau Teluk District, Jambi City by looking at market needs, current trend needs both among students and also among workers so that consumers who come must be met according to their needs. Obstacles in increasing the income of batik workers in Danau Teluk District, Jambi City are caused by employee negligence in working because they do not comply with the instructions given, income according to work ability and difficulties in marketing.

One of the consequences of poor nutritional management in toddlers is stunting. One nutritious alternative food to prevent stunting at a relatively cheaper price is sweet corn. Sweet corn is increasingly popular and widely consumed because it has a sweeter taste than regular corn (Kartika, 2019). Siswono (2004 in Surtinah, 2013) reported that the sugar content of the master sweet variety is 16 – 18%, close to the sugar content of cane, namely 19%. Sweet corn contains 96 cal Energy, 3.5 g Protein, 1.0 g Fat, 22.8 g Carbohydrates, 3.0 mg Calcium, 111 mg Phosphorus, 0.7 mg Iron, Vitamin A 400 SI, Vitamin B 0, 15 mg, Vitamin C 12.0 mg, and water 72.7 g Iskandar, 2006). This service activity was carried out at the Kampung Jawa Village Hall, Blangkejeren District, Gayo Lues Regency. The parties involved in this activity were lecturers from the Agrotechnology and Forestry study program, PSDKU Gayo Lues, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University as resource persons, as well as the Agrotechnology and Animal Husbandry study program, Faculty of Agriculture, Gunung Leuser University, Aceh Kutacane, village midwives as partners, village heads as facilitators and the village community. Javanese Village as a participant. Survey of activity locations, socialization of service activities, implementation of service activities, evaluation of service activities. The conclusions from this activity are: 1. Regarding the causes, characteristics, dangers and prevention of stunting by related parties, this is one of the first steps in efforts to improve the nutrition of pregnant women and toddlers in the Kampung Jawa Village community. 2. Sweet corn is an alternative food source that can be consumed by pregnant women and toddlers to prevent stunting. 3. This activity attracts the attention of mothers participating in socialization and Posyandu in Kampung Jawa Village and can increase their knowledge about preventing and handling stunting.

Sharia tourism policy is a government effort to develop the tourism sector by prioritizing sharia principles in all aspects. These measures include services that value Islamic teachings, such as sharia-based places to stay, restaurants that serve halal food, and entertainment programs that adhere to Islamic ethics. The aim of this policy is to increase the attractiveness of tourism among Muslim tourists and at the same time create a tourist environment that is in accordance with Islamic teachings. Thus, the sharia tourism policy is expected to contribute positively to economic growth and fulfillment of the spiritual needs of the local community. sharia tourism is the implementation of sharia principles into a form of travel activities of sharia tourist destinations. The development of Islamic tourism is currently growing rapidly because it is very much in demand by Muslim tourists who are looking for alternative travel in accordance with the principles of Islamic sharia, this research reaches the implementation of the concept of Islamic tourism in tourist destinations that are very popular and in great demand in areas with a majority Muslim population. This research uses a qualitative approach that analyzes accommodation, culinary, and tourist activities that integrate Islamic values, the results of this study show that Islamic tourism policies have a significant impact on the economic development of the region, this research discusses the Islamic tourism system and its policies where these two things have a significant impact on local economic development, through a case study approach and economic data analysis, this research identifies the effect of regional tourism policies on regional economic development.

The aim of this research is to find out what media can improve the thinking abilities of slow learner ABK students. The method used in this research design is a literature review study. Literature study is a form of research used to collect data sources related to a topic found in the field. Data collection for literature studies was carried out using the Google Scholar search tool. The screening results matched the required data, there were 7 national journal articles based on the articles found and analyzed. The results of this research are the discovery of media that are suitable and can support the success of slow learner ABK students in improving their thinking abilities, namely bussy box media, stamp game media, and puzzles.

Kampung Manggis is a mangosteen producing area in Pauh, Padang city. When a large number of mangosteens are produced, but not all of them are sold by the mangosteen farmers, the remaining mangosteens will rot over time. The remaining mangosteen, which cannot be sold can be developed into various useful health products. The mangosteen peel contains various beneficial chemical ingredients, one of which is alpha mangostin. Based on various research results, it is stated that alpha mangostin has antioxidant activity. The community service which was held on June 23 2023 in Kampung Manggis as a service partner was the Permata Harapan farmer group. This community service is carried out by teaching how to make products from mangosteen peel processed into facial mask and body scrub products. From the processing of mangosteen peel, two products are produced which are made together with the community, namely a mangosteen skin facial mask and body scrub. Mangosteen farmers from the Permata Harapan farmer group can optimize the productivity of all the mangosteens harvested and no more mangosteens will become waste.