Usia Anak remaja juga termasuk masa yang rentan terjadinya karies gigi karena pada usia 12-13 tahun merupakan masa maturasi email setelah erupsi, sehingga menyebabkan karies mudah terjadi. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi karies gigi pada anak yaitu tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap. Melalui cara yang efektif dalam mempromosikan kesehatan, masyarakat berkesempatan untuk meningkatkan pengawasan diri dan mengubah kebiasaan demi memperbaiki kesehatan mereka. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk membandingkan pengetahuan dan sikap siswa remaja di SMP Muhammadiyah Kupang terkait promosi kesehatan gigi dengan menggunakan permainan ludo dan ular tangga yang berfokus pada karies gigi. Jenis penelitian adalah Quasi experiment (eksperimen semu). Jumlah sampel ditentukan dengan rumus slovin dengan hasil 40 orang dibagi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok pertama (20 orang) menggunakan media ludo dan kelompok kedua (20 orang) menggunakan media ular tangga tentang karies gigi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap siswa mengenai karies gigi setelah mengikuti penyuluhan yang menggunakan permainan sebagai media. Sebanyak 40 siswa dari SMP Muhammadiyah Kupang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, di mana masing-masing kelompok mendapatkan penyuluhan dengan menggunakan permainan Ludo dan ular tangga. Dalam kelompok yang menggunakan Ludo, persentase siswa yang memiliki pengetahuan kategori baik meningkat dari 15% menjadi 65%, sedangkan yang memiliki sikap kategori baik naik dari 15% menjadi 55%. Di kelompok ular tangga, pengetahuan kategori baik meningkat dari 10% menjadi 70%, sementara sikap kategori baik mengalami peningkatan dari 15% menjadi 85%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa media ular tangga menunjukkan peningkatan yang lebih besar dalam hal pengetahuan dan sikap dibandingkan dengan media Ludo. Kedua media, yaitu Ludo dan ular tangga sama-sama terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap siswa mengenai karies gigi.

This study aims to evaluate the reading and writing literacy levels of elementary school students and to assess the extent to which the Independent Curriculum contributes to improving literacy in Gunungkidul Regency, located in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This region is predominantly rural and faces challenges related to limited access and inadequate educational facilities. The lack of educational resources—such as quality reading materials, proper libraries, and technological infrastructure—poses a major obstacle to enhancing student literacy. The research employs a quantitative approach to analyze numerical data, emphasizing standardized data collection methods and utilizing statistical analysis to test hypotheses. This approach is intended to provide a comprehensive understanding of students' reading and writing literacy skills. The findings reveal that the implementation of the Independent Curriculum in elementary schools across the Gunungkidul area has not yet produced a significant impact on improving students' literacy skills. This is evident from the average test scores, which remain below the Minimum Completion Criteria (MCC) set by the schools: 65.6 in the control group and 61.4 in the experimental group. Therefore, it can be concluded that the reading and writing literacy levels of elementary school students in the region remain relatively low.

This article aims to examine the role of visual media in enhancing elementary school students’ understanding of science (IPA) concepts through a literature review approach. The study was conducted by analyzing various references, including academic journals, instructional books, and educational articles related to the topic. The findings indicate that visual media plays a significant role in helping students comprehend abstract scientific concepts by presenting information in an engaging and visually accessible manner. Furthermore, visual media has been shown to increase students’ learning motivation and participation in the learning process. Therefore, the use of visual media is recommended as an effective instructional tool in elementary science education.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze communication strategies in empowering online communities for the development of digital social innovation through Youtz Community Hub. This study was conducted to determine how communication strategies can support community empowerment and encourage the creation of social innovation in the digital era.
Methods: This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews and participant observation of programs implemented by Youtz Community Hub. This is because the community has an interesting communication strategy in empowering the community online. The focus of this study includes five stages of communication strategy, namely analysis and research, policy formulation, program planning, communication implementation, and evaluation and feedback.
Findings: The results of the study show that the digital communication strategy implemented, especially through social media, can increase participation, involvement, and the impact of community empowerment. This strategy is also effective in encouraging social innovation and building a collaborative ecosystem between communities, institutions, and other stakeholders.
Originality: The novelty of this research lies in the participatory and data-driven digital communication approach applied in the context of online community empowerment. What sets this study apart is the integration of qualitative analysis tools, particularly Atlas.ti, to systematically code, visualize, and interpret narrative interview data and observational findings. These findings contribute to the advancement of inclusive and sustainable communication strategies in the digital era, particularly in digitally native youth communities.

Ekstraksi merupakan proses pemisahan senyawa aktif simplisia dengan menggunakan pelarut cair tertentu. Simplisia adalah bahan alami yang berasal dari alam dan belum mengalami proses pengolahan kecuali proses pengeringan. Proses pengeringan dilakukan untuk memperpanjang masa simpan dan mempermudah penggunaannya. Simplisia banyak digunakan sebagai bahan dasar ekstraksi. Ada beberapa metode dalam ekstraksi diantaranya adalah maserasi, sonikasi, dan sokletasi. Pada percobaan ekstraksi kulit buah naga, proses ekstraksi dimulai dengan menghancurkan kulit buah naga menjadi potongan kecil, kemudian direndam dalam pelarut untuk memisahkan senyawa senyawa yang diinginkan. Maserasi adalah proses merendam suatu simplisia dalam pelarut pada suhu kamar untuk mendapatkan ekstrak. Sonikasi adalah modifikasi dari metode maserasi yang menggunakan bantuan ultrasound (sinyal dengan frekuensi tinggi, 20 kHz), sedangkan sokletasi melibatkan pemanasan yang cukup pada suhu yang lebih tinggi. Pada kulit buah naga, senyawa senyawa yang dapat dihasilkan juga memiliki beberapa manfaat, diantaranya termasuk antioksidan yang tinggi dan khasiat anti - inflamasi. Dengan memanfaatkan teknik ekstraksi maserasi, sonikasi, dan sokletasi potensi senyawa senyawa bermanfaat dalam kulit buah naga dapat diekstraksi secara efisien untuk aplikasi yang beragam. Pada penelitian ini hasil nilai rendemen maserasi sebesar 16,29%; nilai rendemen sonikasi 3,74%; dan nilai rendemen sokletasi sebesar 29,54%. Adapun hasil uji fitokimia pada ekstrak kulit buah naga metode sokletasi terdapat senyawa metabolit dengan yaitu tanin.

This article discusses the role and function of prosecutors in enforcing ethics and behavior, with a case study at the Central Kalimantan High Prosecutor's Office.  This research analyzes how the Central Kalimantan High Prosecutor's Office carries out internal and external oversight functions to ensure the ethical and professional behavior of prosecutors.  The research results show [mention the main findings briefly, for example: the effectiveness of existing monitoring mechanisms, obstacles faced, and recommendations for improvement].  This study contributes to a better understanding of the importance of integrity and accountability in the justice system, especially in the context of law enforcement in Indonesia.

Along with the advancement of technology, online gambling games that were initially only considered entertainment, turned into a source of income or known as online gambling. On this basis, the government issued Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions to regulate the management of information and electronic transactions in Indonesia. Since its enactment in 2008, Law No. 11 of 2008 has not undergone major changes to keep pace with the rapid advancement of information technology, especially related to online gambling. This research is a normative judicial research supported by a legislative approach, a sociolegal approach and a conceptual approach using primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. This study uses data collection techniques in the form of observation and literature studies. The processing technique of legal materials is carried out in several stages, namely inventory, classification, systematization and verification, after which it will be analyzed qualitatively judicially according to the information obtained from various legal materials. The results of this study show that (1) Regulation of online gambling in Indonesia is regulated in 9 laws and regulations, namely in laws and regulations (2) Law enforcement against online gambling in Indonesia has not been running effectively, seeing that the data on online gambling cases from year to year online gambling cases are increasing. (3) Legal protection for people involved in online gambling, having legal protection rights guaranteed by Law Number 8 of 1981 concerning the Criminal Procedure Law (KUHAP).

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh reward terhadap kinerja karyawan pada Bank Muamalat di Kota Bengkulu, untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh punishment terhadap kinerja karyawan pada Bank Muamalat di Kota Bengkulu, untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada Bank Muamalat di Kota Bengkulu, untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh reward, punishment, dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada Bank Muamalat di Kota Bengkulu. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksploratori. Dengan jumlah sampel berjumlah 60 responden, dengan pengambilan data penyebaran kuisioner. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dihasilkan Terdapat pengaruh reward (X1) terhadap kinerja karyawan (Y) Bank Muamalat Ho di tolak dan Ha diterima didapat variabel X1 berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan (Y). Terdapat pengaruh punishment (X2) terhadap  kinerja karyawan (Y) Bank Muamalat. Terdapat pengaruh lingkungan kerja (X3) terhadap kinerja karyawan (Y) Bank Muamalat Dari nilai signifikansi yang didapat bahwasanya variabel (X3) berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan (Y). Dan dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara bersama variabel indepenen berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen.

This research is based on students' interest in investing. The aim of this research is that researchers want to find out whether investment knowledge, expected returns and technological advances have an influence on investment interest. The population of this study were students from the economics and business faculty at Budi Luhur University with a sample of 100 respondents using data collection techniques through questionnaires. The data analysis method in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this research show that expected return have an effect on investment interest, while investment knowledge and technological advances have no effect on investment interest.

This study aims to determine the effect of segmenting, targeting and positioning on purchase intention at the Dadaha cell prime counter. The dependent variable in this study is purchase intention (Y) while the devendent variables include segmenting (X1), targeting (X2), positioning (X3). The method used in this research is quantitative method. The population in this study were consumers of the dadaha cell prime counter in the dadaha area of tasikmalaya city. The sampling technique in this study used random sampling so that a sample of 100 respondents was obtained. The data collection technique is to use a questionnaire distribution. The results of this study indicate that: 1) segmenting variables have a positive and significant effect on buyer interest. 2) targeting variables have a positive and insignificant effect on purchase intention. 3) positioning variables have a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. From the results of the f test it can be concluded that together or simulatan segmenting, targeting and positioning variables have a positive and significant effect on purchase intention.