This study aims to analyze the progressive legal perspective on the considerations of judges in granting obligatory wills to non-Muslim heirs, uncover how this decision embodies legal discovery, and identify challenges and criticisms that arise both from Islamic law and positive law perspectives in Indonesia.In the progressive legal analysis, this decision demonstrates the courage of the Supreme Court judges in prioritizing substantive justice by considering the social context and pluralism of Indonesian society. The judges employed the method of ijtihad and Islamic jurisprudence principles to justify the granting of obligatory wills to non-Muslim children as a form of protecting human rights. However, this decision is not without criticism, with some arguing that the judges may have overstepped their authority and created legal uncertainty, particularly from the standpoint of conservative scholars who emphasize strict adherence to the texts of the Qur'an and Hadith. Additionally, challenges also arise from the perspective of positive law in Indonesia, concerning the judges' authority in creating precedents outside formal legislative mechanisms. These findings reinforce the urgency of developing more dynamic and responsive methods of legal interpretation to meet the needs of substantive justice. The impact of this decision shows that progressive legal discovery can set a precedent in Indonesia's legal practice, which, when applied prudently, can balance legal certainty and substantive justice. The study’s recommendations emphasize the importance of further discussions on the role of judges in harmonizing principles of justice with written law, as well as the application of legal discovery methods that support inclusivity and justice within a pluralistic society.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perspektif hukum progresif terhadap pertimbangan hakim dalam memberikan wasiat wajibah kepada ahli waris non-Muslim, mengungkap bagaimana putusan ini mencerminkan penemuan hukum, serta mengidentifikasi tantangan dan kritik yang muncul baik dari perspektif hukum Islam maupun hukum positif di Indonesia. Dalam analisis hukum progresif, putusan ini menunjukkan keberanian hakim Mahkamah Agung dalam mengedepankan keadilan substantif dengan mempertimbangkan konteks sosial dan pluralitas masyarakat Indonesia. Hakim menggunakan metode ijtihad dan kaidah fiqih hukum Islam untuk menjustifikasi pemberian wasiat wajibah kepada anak non-Muslim sebagai bentuk perlindungan hak-hak kemanusiaan. Namun, putusan ini tidak luput dari kritik yang menyatakan bahwa hakim berpotensi melampaui kewenangan dan menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum, terutama dari sudut pandang ulama konservatif yang menekankan pentingnya kepatuhan pada teks Al-Qur'an dan Hadits. Selain itu, tantangan dari perspektif hukum positif di Indonesia juga muncul terkait otoritas hakim dalam menciptakan preseden di luar mekanisme formal legislasi. Temuan ini memperkuat urgensi untuk mengembangkan metode interpretasi hukum yang lebih dinamis dan responsif terhadap kebutuhan keadilan substantif. Dampak putusan ini menunjukkan bahwa penemuan hukum progresif dapat menjadi preseden dalam praktik hukum di Indonesia, yang jika diterapkan dengan bijak, mampu menyeimbangkan kepastian hukum dan keadilan substantif. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya diskusi lebih lanjut mengenai peran hakim dalam mengharmonisasikan prinsip-prinsip keadilan dengan hukum tertulis, serta penerapan metode penemuan hukum yang mendukung inklusivitas dan keadilan di tengah masyarakat plural.

This research discusses the role of environmental law in preventing environmental damage and pollution with a case study of illegal shrimp farmers in the Karimunjawa National Park Area. The Karimun Jawa National Park area is an ecosystem that is rich in biodiversity and has vital ecological functions. However, illegal shrimp farming activities in this area have caused significant environmental damage, including decreased water quality and damage to mangrove habitats.This research uses a normative juridical approach to analyze applicable environmental legal regulations and policies as well as the effectiveness of law enforcement in preventing and dealing with the activities of illegal shrimp farmers. The research results show that although there are clear regulations regarding environmental protection, implementation and enforcement of the law are still weak. Lack of coordination between institutions, minimal human resources, and technical obstacles in the field are the main inhibiting factors in enforcing environmental law. This research recommends increasing law enforcement capacity, increasing coordination between institutions, and strengthening local community participation in environmental protection efforts in the Karimunjawa National Park Area. With these steps, it is hoped that environmental damage and pollution due to illegal activities can be minimized.