This study aims to analyze the legal consequences of non-registration or late registration of receivables owned by creditors in the bankruptcy process. Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) stipulates that in bankruptcy proceedings, the fulfillment of rights over the bankrupt estate can only be obtained if the creditor registers their receivables for verification. However, there are no specific provisions that explicitly regulate the legal consequences of receivables that are not registered at all or those registered late and thus cannot be verified. This legal uncertainty creates problems in practice, particularly regarding legal protection for creditors and legal certainty in the resolution of bankruptcy cases. Using a normative juridical approach and analyzing relevant legislation and court decisions, this research finds that creditors who fail to register their receivables or register them late lose their rights to receive payments from the bankrupt estate. In other words, receivables that are not verified—either due to non-registration or late registration—are not recognized in the bankruptcy process. This conclusion highlights the importance of creditors understanding the procedures for registering receivables in bankruptcy in order to protect their rights. The study also recommends that existing legal regulations provide clearer guidance regarding the consequences of delayed or unregistered receivables to ensure legal certainty and fair protection for all parties involved in bankruptcy proceedings.

This research aims to find out and see the connection between operational patterns in mineral and coal mining activities in Indonesia, downstream policies, as well as reclamation and post-mining implementation. Mining activities cause negative impacts in the form of serious environmental damage which occurs in almost all mining areas in Indonesia. From a regulatory perspective, mining companies and mining service companies are obliged to implement good mining principles with administrative sanctions for those who violate them, mining companies are obliged to carry out downstream within the country so as to provide added value and expand employment opportunities, mining companies are also obliged to carry out reclamation and post-mining at a high level. higher. 100% success. Using normative juridical research methods and qualitative juridical analysis, it is known that the operational cooperation pattern is not appropriate to apply because, in the operational cooperation agreement, the position of the mining company and the mining service company is equal so that the mining service company does not carry out good mining activities, the mining company does not have control over this and In fact, 70% of environmental damage in Indonesia is due to mining operations, mineral, and coal downstream policies are carried out inconsistently so that it is less than optimal in increasing the added value of minerals and coal and there are legal loopholes in opening up reclamation in other forms, making the success rate of reclamation and post-mining of ex-mining excavated flat. the average is less than achieved 100% success.

This study aims to compare and analyze macro health policies in Indonesia with those in Taiwan and Singapore. The results of the comparison and analysis will be used as lessons learned and input for improving health policies in Indonesia in the future. Health policies in the form of the BPJS Kesehatan program have not optimally improved the health of the Indonesian people in terms of services, medicines, medical personnel, and health facilities. Taiwan is the country with the most superior health services in the world in 2024 and Singapore is the country with the best health system in the world in 2023. Through a normative legal research method with qualitative legal data analysis, it is known that the health policies implemented by the Taiwanese and Indonesian governments are almost the same, namely using an insurance mechanism with contributions from participants, the government and the private sector, but the differences in the reach and standardization of health services in Taiwan are wider in scope compared to Indonesia, while the Singaporean government in its health policy implements four programs, namely medisave, medishield, medifund, eldershield with control over increasing health financing from the government. Health policies in Taiwan are easier for the Indonesian government to apply in perfecting the BPJS Kesehatan program than those implemented by Singapore because both have implemented health policies through mandatory insurance programs. BPJS Kesehatan must improve its service management and the government needs to increase the number of health facilities and standardization of health facilities by adjusting its characteristics as an archipelagic country. Formulate fair premi for participants so that participants get optimal health services. Health promotion must be encouraged to increase public health awareness. The health omnibus law as a national legal strategy can be used as a trigger to harmonize overlapping health policies so that health programs can be implemented optimally which has an impact on improving the health of the Indonesian people.

This research aims to examine legal protection for brand rights holders affected by black campaigns and the implications of sanctions for brand rights holders who carry out black campaigns in relation to the laws and regulations in force in Indonesia. Black Campaign is a campaign strategy that contains negative issues and often occurs in skincare brands in Indonesia in cyberspace. The practice of black campaigns against skincare brands occurs in Indonesia skincare brands Skin Game and Carasun with a black campaign model using buzzers on Instagram social media which creates losses for skincare brand rights holders in the form of damage to brand reputation and causes unhealthy business competition. This research uses a normative juridical approach. This research has a novelty in that it discusses the black campaign phenomenon which can not only occur during general elections, the practice of black campaigns aimed at harming competitors can occur in intellectual property law, especially regarding trademarks which are caused by very rapid technological developments. The results of the research are that for legal protection for black campaign victims, you can refer to Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions and Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopoly Practices and Competition Unhealthy Business is defined as a black campaign as an act that contains misleading information and can damage a brand's reputation and can kill competitors because it rejects and prevents brand rights holders from entering the same field. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pelindungan hukum terhadap pemegang hak atas merek yang terkena black campaign dan implikasi sanksi terhadap pemegang hak atas merek yang melakukan black campaign dikaitkan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia. Black Campaign sebagai strategi kampanye yang mengandung isu negatif dan seringkali terjadi pada merek skincare di Indonesia dalam cyberspace. Praktik black campaign terhadap merek skincare terjadi di Indonesia terhadap merek skincare Skin Game dan Carasun dengan model black campaign menggunakan buzzer pada media sosial Instagram yang menciptakan kerugian terhadap pemegang hak atas merek skincare berupa rusaknya reputasi merek dan menyebabkan persaingan usaha tidak sehat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif. Penelitian ini memiliki kebaharuan yaitu pembahasan mengenai fenomena black campaign tidak hanya dapat terjadi pada saat pemilihan umum, praktik black campaign yang bertujuan merugikan pesaing dapat terjadi pada hukum kekayaan intelektual terutama terhadap merek dagang yang diakibatkan oleh perkembangan teknologi yang sangat pesat. Hasil penelitian yaitu untuk perlindungan hukum terhadap korban black campaign dapat mengacu pada Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik dan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat bahwasannya black campaign sebagai perbuatan yang mengandung informasi menyesatkan dan dapat merusak reputasi merek serta dapat mematikan pesaing karena bersifat menolak dan menghalangi pemegang hak atas merek untuk masuk terhadap bidang yang sama.

The purpose of this research is to examine trading crimes insider are crimes that occur a lot in the Capital Market and are very difficult to prove in the process of handling and solving them so that in this case investors always get the biggest loss point. Law Number 8 of 1995 concerning Capital Markets as amended by Law Number 4 of 2023 concerning the Strengthening and Development of the Financial Sector explains the limitations and legal protection of investors related to Insider Trading practices, but this is considered insufficient to be able to protect investors optimally. This research is written using qualitative juridical writing techniques, namely describing data with theories to answer questions accompanied by legal interpretations so that conclusions can be drawn. The purpose of this study is to discuss how OJK as a supervisory institution in the capital market to handle and resolve Insider Trading practices and how repressive steps are taken after Insider Trading crimes occur so that the protection that investors should get will be realized. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji kejahatan perdagangan orang dalam (insider trading) merupakan kejahatan yang banyak terjadi di Pasar Modal dan sangat sulit dibuktikan dalam proses penanganannya dan penyelesaiannya sehingga dalam hal ini investor lah yang selalu mendapatkan titik kerugian terbesar. UU Nomor 8 Tahun 1995 tentang Pasar Modal sebagaimana diubah dengan UU Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Penguatan dan Pengembangan Sektor Keuangan menjelaskan terkait batasan-batasan dan perlindungan hukum investor terkait praktik insider trading, namun hal ini dirasa belum cukup untuk dapat melindungi investor secara optimal. Penelitian ini ditulis dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis kualitatif yaitu mendeskripsikan data dengan teori-teori untuk menjawab pertanyaan disertai dengan penafsiran hukum sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian terhadap penyelesaian dan tindakan yang dilakukan OJK dalam insider trading merupakan hal yang penting untuk dilakukan OJK dan terkait dengan tindakannya dilakukan dengan cara melakukan pemeriksaan penyidikan pembuktian hingga penjatuhan sanksi, terkait dengan bentuk perlindungannya bisa dilakukan dengan langkah represif berupa penjatuhan sanksi setelah terjadinya suatu kejahatan dan pelanggaran di pasar modal.     

With reference to the Civil Code and the type of legal protection available to holders of local e-wallets that store cryptocurrency, this paper examines the legality of trading transactions involving digital currency, in this case crypto coins, as a form of payment. The urgency of this study is the occurrence of a legal vacuum (rechtsvacuum) of the existence of crypto coins that creates legal uncertainty. Normative juridical is the research method used in this study. The conclusion that can be drawn from the results of the discussion is that trade transactions using crypto coins as a means of payment in terms of the Civil Code are not prohibited if they are related to Article 1320 jo 1541 of the Civil Code, payments using crypto coins can be equated with legal exchange relationships. This form of legal protection for crypto coin users can be preventive and repressive. Preventive is carried out through consistent regulation. Repressively, now BAPPEBTI as a supervisor can provide administrative sanctions, in the form of warnings to license revocation for companies that organize e-wallets. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keabsahan transaksi perdagangan menggunakan koin kripto sebagai alat pembayaran, ditinjau dari Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata dan bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap pengguna koin kripto yang tersimpan dalam e-wallet lokal. Urgensi dari penelitian ini adalah terjadinya kekosongan hukum (rechtsvacuum) keberadaan koin kripto yang menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum. Dalam penyusunan artikel ini digunakan metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif yang dilakukan melalui penelaahan bahan pustaka sebagai bahan dasarnya. Dari hasil pembahasan dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa Transaksi perdagangan yang menggunakan koin kripto sebagai alat pembayaran ditinjau dari Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata bukan sesuatu hal yang dilarang, jika dikaitkan dengan Pasal 1320 jo 1541 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, maka pembayaran melalui penggunaan koin kripto dapat dipersamakan dengan hubungan hukum tukar-menukar. Bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi pengguna koin kripto dapat  dilakukan secara preventif dan represif. Secara preventif dilakukan melalui regulasi yang konsisten. Secara represif, sekarang ini BAPPEBTI sebagai pengawas dapat memberikan sanksi administratif, berupa peringatan hingga pencabutan izin bagi perusahaan yang menyelenggarakan e-wallet.