Corporate governance is crucial in enhancing competitiveness and attracting investment, particularly in emerging markets that face challenges such as complex regulatory environments and ownership structures. Shareholder activism has emerged as an essential mechanism for improving corporate accountability and performance. This study aims to analyze the impact of shareholder activism on corporate performance in emerging markets, considering corporate governance as a moderating variable. A quantitative approach is employed, utilizing panel data analysis from publicly listed companies in emerging markets over a period of 5 to 10 years. Corporate performance is measured using financial indicators such as Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Tobin's Q, while shareholder activism is assessed based on the number of resolutions proposed in shareholder meetings. A panel regression model is applied to identify the relationships among the variables. The results indicate that shareholder activism has a significant positive impact on corporate performance, with a coefficient of 0.35 for ROA (p-value 0.001). Corporate governance acts as a moderator that strengthens this relationship, with an interaction coefficient of 0.10 (p-value 0.05). Overall, the regression model explains 78% of the variation in corporate performance (R-squared = 0.78). This study provides empirical evidence demonstrating that shareholder activism, supported by robust governance, can enhance corporate transparency and accountability in emerging markets. These findings are relevant for stakeholders aiming to promote better governance practices to sustainably enhance corporate competitiveness

Multinational corporations (MNCs) face significant ethical challenges when operating across diverse cultural environments, where differing norms and values can create conflicts in decision-making processes. This study examines how cultural dimensions, such as power distance and collectivism, influence ethical decision-making within MNCs, with a specific focus on operations in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach, the research integrates thematic analysis of case studies and interviews with corporate managers. Data were also triangulated with organizational documents and industry reports. The findings reveal that high power-distance cultures, such as Indonesia, favor centralized decision-making, with ethical dilemmas typically resolved by senior leadership. While this hierarchical approach ensures efficiency, it often compromises transparency and accountability. Conversely, the collectivist orientation emphasizes group consensus and community engagement, fostering inclusivity but occasionally delaying resolution. For instance, case studies on bribery, environmental violations, and gender equality initiatives demonstrate the critical role of cultural adaptation in achieving ethical outcomes. Notably, participatory approaches involving local stakeholders improved trust and alignment with community expectations, enhancing reputational outcomes by 20% compared to centralized strategies. The study concludes that effective ethical frameworks for MNCs must balance global standards with cultural sensitivities. Recommendations include the adoption of culturally adaptive ethical policies, inclusive leadership training, and robust stakeholder engagement strategies. These findings offer valuable insights for MNCs aiming to navigate ethical complexities in culturally heterogeneous environments, contributing to both theoretical and practical advancements in global business ethics

The security of electronic banking transactions is becoming increasingly critical due to the rising threat of cyberattacks, which can result in financial and reputational damage to financial institutions. Despite the implementation of various authentication methods, vulnerabilities remain that can be exploited by attackers, particularly in the context of static passwords and tokens. This study aims to address these shortcomings by implementing the Two-Way Challenge-Response method, which offers a more robust and dynamic authentication approach. The method employed in this research involves the exchange of information between the client and server, where the challenges generated are unique to each authentication session. This process not only validates user identities but also ensures that the transmitted information cannot be predicted by third parties. The results of the study indicate that the application of this method significantly reduces the risk of attacks such as identity theft and replay attacks, while also enhancing the speed and efficiency of the authentication process. The implications of these findings suggest that the Two-Way Challenge-Response method can be an effective solution for enhancing the security of electronic banking transactions. By adopting this method, financial institutions can strengthen their security systems, increase user trust, and reduce the potential for losses due to cyberattacks. This research contributes significantly to the development of more secure authentication systems in the digital age

Key Problem: the development of artificial intelligence technology has increased in the last five years, but testing of the impact of its application to curricula in higher education has been poorly considered and very limited. Objective: to know the interrelationship between the impact of the application of artificial intelligence in contributing to improving student academic achievement. Originality: testing the effectiveness and linkage of the impact of artificial intelligence on the curriculum in higher education with increased student achievement is still very limited. Method: quantitative design with secondary data taken from literature and previous research as many as 50 examples of cases in universities with Koesioner Method. Result: there is an influence of the impact of the application of artificial intelligence on curriculum development in universities. The impact value brought by artificial intelligence is 0.7 which is classified as the Good category. There was a low association of 0.05 between the application of artificial intelligence in the curriculum at 50 universities and the increase in student academic achievement. Novelty: not always the application of artificial intelligence has a bad impact as long as it is balanced with wise use. Suggestion: it is expected that future research will use a wider scope and methods to deepen understanding related to the application of artificial intelligence in the development of higher education systems.
 
 
 

The Village Financial Management Information System is needed as a solution for the village government in carrying out its functions. Especially in village financial management. This is based on village needs, where village financial management still uses the conventional model, namely planning a budget by writing it on a book and continuing with recording on the Ms. office application. Excel and the difficulty of data search processes, reporting systems. The arrangement of information that is carried out regularly, clearly, precisely and quickly and can be presented in applications and reports certainly greatly supports the smooth running of village government operations. By utilizing information technology the village government can interact and exchange information with residents and with other village governments so as to facilitate the running of the village government in providing services and information to the community.

At SMK Bhinneka Patebon in the process of recording cash income and disbursements data and reports are still done manually using notes and books, there is often a buildup of transactions that have not been recorded. This resulted in the problem of making reports less fast and accurate for making reports because it took a longer time.
The Cash Revenue and Expenditure Accounting Information System at the Bhinneka Patebon Vocational School uses the Cash Basis Method to facilitate the Bhinneka Patebon Vocational School in the process of managing cash income and disbursement data in making reports that are faster, more precise and accurate.
By using the Cash Income and Expenditure Accounting Information System at the Bhinneka Patebon Vocational School using the Cash Basis Method, it also has the following benefits: (1) It can be seen what cash income and expenditure transactions are needed quickly and accurately. (2) Produce precise and accurate financial reports. (3) The system is used by the school principal as a means of accountability to the Foundation for later use as a consideration for decision making by the Foundation

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are productive economic enterprises owned by individuals and business entities that meet the criteria as micro-enterprises from the agricultural, fishery, processing industries, handicraft industries and creative industries, the problem that occurs is that there is no regular updating of data. from the sub-district government so that many micro and small business actors have not been recorded thoroughly, with limited data it is certainly difficult for the sub-district government to convey information to micro and small business actors, delays in information also affect the relationship between the sub-district and business actors who are not good . This research was conducted to create and implement a knowledge management system that is equipped with location features so that it can facilitate data collection and knowledge management on micro and small businesses in Rowosari sub-district. This application is made using the PHP programming language and MySQL database. The results of this study indicate that the application of this knowledge management system can make it easier to collect data and manage information and knowledge about micro and small businesses.

This study examines the creation of Customer Value with the supporting variables Relationship Quality and Cost-to-Cost as variables that can affect value. Customer Value for the company in building relationships in the future. This research takes companies that supply fabric dyes to textile companies by conducting interviews via email and in-person interviews. The method used is to examine qualitatively and quantitatively. In qualitative research, it examines the costs incurred which have a correlation with customer service and the estimated actual costs for individual services. Furthermore, quantitative measurements are carried out to check the quality of RQ, profitability from past customers, Customer Lifttime Value (CLV) by presenting the proposed framework. In the final section, an evaluation of the effect of RQ on CLV is carried out which results in the conclusion that RQ has an effect on driving customer costs and profitability in the future.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were significant differences in the financial performance of pharmaceutical companies listed on the IDX from the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The research method uses descriptive quantitative methods, the data used in this study is secondary data in the form of financial statements of pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange. Analysis of the data using the average difference test paired sample test using the SPSS application, and the measurement of financial performance using the ratio of liquidity and profitability. Liquidity ratio which consists of Current Ratio and Quick Ratio, while Profitability ratio consists of Gross profit Margin, Net Profit Margin, Rate of Return on Assets, and Return on Equity. The results of the study show that there is no significant difference in the financial performance of both the liquidity ratio and profitability of pharmaceutical companies listed on the IDX before the Covid-19 pandemic and during the Covid-19 pandemic.