Abstract. Aging naturally reduces physiology, increasing susceptibility to injuries, particularly in the knee joint, which supports substantial body weight and is vulnerable to osteoarthritis and ligament injuries. The current study investigates the effectiveness of leg muscle strength training in reducing knee pain intensity among elderly women aged 45 years and older residing in Gayamsari District, Semarang. A pre-experimental design employing a one-group pre-test post-test approach was implemented. Forty-two participants were selected using purposive sampling methods. The intervention involved leg muscle strengthening exercises conducted twice per week for six weeks, with each session lasting 40 minutes. Knee pain intensity was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale both prior to and following the intervention. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test due to non-normally distributed data. Findings indicated a statistically significant reduction in knee pain intensity, with average pre-test pain scores recorded at 3.2 ± 2.2 and average post-test scores recorded at 0.9 ± 1.4 (p = 0.000). Of the participants, 40 demonstrated a reduction in pain levels, whereas 2 participants showed no improvement, potentially influenced by additional medical conditions including gout and hypertension. In conclusion, leg muscle strength training significantly contributed to reducing knee pain intensity in elderly women, thereby justifying inclusion in rehabilitation programs targeting knee pain associated with osteoarthritis and ligament injuries. Further research is recommended to investigate tailored training protocols that account for co-morbid conditions and their impact on pain management efficacy.
Abstract in Indonesia. Penuaan secara alami mengurangi fisiologi, meningkatkan kerentanan terhadap cedera, terutama pada sendi lutut, yang menopang berat tubuh yang substansial dan rentan terhadap osteoatritis dan cedera ligamen. Penelitian saat ini menyelidiki efektivitas latihan kekuatan otot kaki dalam mengurangi intensitas nyeri lutut di antara wanita lanjut usia berusia 45 tahun ke atas yang tinggal di Kecamatan Gayamsari, Semarang. Desain pra-eksperimental yang menggunakan pendekatan satu kelompok pra-tes pasca-tes diterapkan. Empat puluh dua peserta dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Intervensi melibatkan latihan penguatan otot kaki yang dilakukan dua kali seminggu selama enam minggu, dengan setiap sesi berlangsung selama 40 menit. Intensitas nyeri lutut dinilai menggunakan Numerical Rating Scale sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji peringkat bertanda Wilcoxon karena data tidak terdistribusi normal. Temuan menunjukkan pengurangan signifikan secara statistik dalam intensitas nyeri lutut, dengan skor nyeri pra-tes rata-rata tercatat sebesar 3,2 ± 2,2 dan skor pasca-tes rata-rata tercatat sebesar 0,9 ± 1,4 (p = 0,000). Dari peserta, 40 menunjukkan pengurangan tingkat nyeri, sedangkan 2 peserta tidak menunjukkan perbaikan, yang mungkin dipengaruhi oleh kondisi medis tambahan termasuk asam urat dan hipertensi. Sebagai kesimpulan, latihan kekuatan otot kaki berkontribusi signifikan terhadap pengurangan intensitas nyeri lutut pada wanita lanjut usia, sehingga membenarkan dimasukkannya dalam program rehabilitasi yang menargetkan nyeri lutut yang terkait dengan osteoatritis dan cedera ligamen. Penelitian lebih lanjut direkomendasikan untuk menyelidiki protokol pelatihan yang disesuaikan yang memperhitungkan kondisi komorbiditas dan dampaknya terhadap kemanjuran manajemen nyeri.

The existence of the corona virus outbreak hampers teaching and learning activities that usually take place face-to-face. The learning system is carried out remotely by utilizing information technology. One of the big challenges in implementing the distance learning model is that the academic community is not yet accustomed to using a blended and online learning system. Teaching lecturers must pay attention to student learning styles because in each teaching, their effectiveness will closely match the student's learning method or style, in addition to their personal characteristics and intellectual abilities. Lecturers' lack of understanding of learning styles has a negative impact on students. The purpose of this study was to examine the learning styles of students of the Faculty of Economics, University of Semarang in a bold manner. This study used a descriptive research design. The population in this study were all 500 USM FE students who took sports courses in the odd semester of 2020/2021, aged 18-25 years. Sampling in this study using total sampling. The data analysis technique in this research is descriptive statistical analysis method. The result of this research is that the learning style of FE USM students has the highest kinesthetic, namely 40.8%, the second is visual as much as 33.8%, the third is auditory as much as 25.4%. Many students prefer an online lecture system by actively viewing, listening and doing direct question and answer with the lecturer, which is 41.2%. The suggestion that can be given is that the lecturers should increase theproportion of teaching the online system with live video, audio, display material and do direct question and answer. Systems with only live audio and display only material should be greatly reduced since few people like them.

<p><em>The purpose of this study is to find out how the perceptions of parents of SD Tri Tunggal students that fat children are funny and healthy can be formed. Type of this research is qualitative with phenomenology approach. Data were collected by in-depth interview and observation. Research subjects as many as 8 people consisting of 5 parents of Primary School Tri Tunggal, 1 child pediatrician, 1 nutritionist, 1 sports expert. Data were analyzed by content analysis. The results showed that the perception of parents who consider the fat child is funny and healthy is formed because through the first process they like to see and feel the pleasant sensation to see and hug the fat child, plus they have a feeling of proud to have fat children because they consider successfully taking care of their children. After going through the first process, parents lack the hope, motivation and a firm attitude to reduce child obesity. Parents assume if the fat little boy is still funny and healthy. The next process parents have had some bad experience about childhood obesity but looks not considered a serious experience to be addressed, resulting in a learning process that is very less for parents. In the end, parents have the wrong perception of childhood obesity.</em></p>