The making of authentic deeds by a notary is part of the legal service that has the highest evidentiary value in the Indonesian civil law system. One of the formal requirements of an authentic deed according to Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning the Position of Notary (UUJN) is the presence of two witnesses who know and directly witness the process of signing the deed. In notarial practice, notary staff are often appointed as witnesses for reasons of administrative convenience, trust, and availability of time. This study aims to examine the legal position and role of notary staff as witnesses in authentic deeds and the form of legal protection available if the deed is legally disputed. The research method used is normative legal with a statutory and conceptual approach, supported by literature studies and analysis of related court decisions. The results of the study indicate that notary staff are legally valid as witnesses as long as they meet the requirements as competent witnesses according to law. However, if a dispute arises over the deed, the staff can be asked for information as a witness in court and has the potential to face legal pressure. Therefore, legal protection for notary staff includes the principle of good faith, legal protection for witnesses, the right to legal assistance, and the ethical responsibility of notaries as employers. In conclusion, there needs to be more explicit regulations regarding the role of staff in deeds and clear protection mechanisms to maintain professionalism, integrity, and legal certainty in notarial practice.

Dormant status on a bank account is a condition in which an account is declared inactive because there have been no transactions for a certain period of time, so that it is automatically frozen by the bank. In Indonesian banking practices, changes in account status to dormant are often carried out based on the bank's internal policy without any clear notification to customers. This raises legal issues, especially related to the protection of customer rights to their funds, transparency of information, and access to financial services. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which the State provides legal protection that will be received by customers against the policy of automatically changing account status to dormant, as well as to evaluate the regulations in the Indonesian banking legal system. This study uses a normative legal approach, namely an approach that is based on literature studies by examining positive law, legal doctrine, and relevant literature. The approaches used include the statute approach and the conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that legal protection for customers with dormant account status is still weak because there are no specific regulations that explicitly regulate this matter. The applicable legal regulations are still inclusive or general and do not sufficiently guarantee legal certainty and justice for customers. Therefore, special regulations are needed from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and Bank Indonesia that establish transparent mechanisms, easy procedures, and balanced protection of customer rights. It is hoped that strengthening these regulations can increase public trust in the banking system and guarantee justice and legal certainty.

This research aims to investigate the roles that Land Deed Making Officials (PPAT) play in the purchase and sale of land, particularly in cases where the legal owner is not present. Normative Legal Research is the research method employed to analyse the case of Decision Number 3/Pdt.G/2023/PN. Tyres are used as case studies to show the legal implications of actions that violate the landowner's consent in a sale and purchase transaction. The results showed that Decision Number 3/Pdt.G/2023/PN. Ban, PPAT has a big responsibility in ensuring legal land sale and purchase transactions. The sale and purchase deed was executed without the landowner's consent, so because PPAT neglected to carefully fulfil its obligations, it is void. PPAT responsibilities include civil, criminal, and administrative aspects. PPAT can be punished if you make a false deed, and can be subject to administrative sanctions. This ruling confirms the importance of PPAT compliance with legal procedures to maintain legal certainty in property transactions. The legal consequences of this ruling emphasize the importance of valid consent in property transactions to prevent unlawful acts.AbstrakStudi ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari tanggung jawab Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) dalam proses transaksi jual beli tanah, terutama dalam kasus di mana transaksi terjadi tanpa persetujuan pemilik yang sah. Fokus penelitian ini adalah kasus putusan Nomor 3/Pdt.G/2023/PN.Ban. Metode penelitian hukum normatif digunakan. Ban yang digunakan sebagai studi kasus untuk menunjukkan implikasi hukum dari tindakan yang melanggar persetujuan pemilik tanah dalam transaksi jual beli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Putusan Nomor 3/Pdt.G/2023/PN.Ban, PPAT memiliki tanggung jawab besar dalam memastikan transaksi jual beli tanah legal. Tanggung jawab PPAT mencakup aspek perdata, pidana, dan administratif; namun, jika PPAT tidak melakukan tugasnya dengan benar, akta jual beli tersebut menjadi batal secara hukum karena tidak adanya persetujuan dari pemilik tanah. Jika PPAT membuat akta palsu, mereka juga dapat dikenai sanksi pidana dan administratif. Putusan ini menegaskan pentingnya kepatuhan PPAT terhadap prosedur hukum untuk menjaga kepastian hukum dalam transaksi properti. Akibat hukum dari putusan ini menekankan pentingnya persetujuan sah dalam transaksi properti untuk mencegah perbuatan melawan hukum.

This research aims to examine the legal implications of the absence of the Temporary Land Deed Official (PPATS) in the process of signing land sale and purchase deeds and its impact on the validity of transactions. The background of this research is based on the importance of land sale and purchase deeds as authentic evidence that holds legal power within the agrarian system in Indonesia, which must meet the formal requirements according to Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 on Land Registration and its implementing regulations. The urgency of this research arises from the numerous cases of PPATS absenteeism, which result in legal defects in the deeds and have the potential to cause disputes and legal uncertainty for the parties involved. This type of research is normative juridical and uses secondary data. The research results indicate that the absence of PPATS causes the deed to lose its legal validity and cannot be used as the basis for land rights registration at the Jepara District Land Office. The novelty of this research lies in the analysis of the mechanisms for the annulment and correction of legally defective deeds through administrative and judicial channels as a step towards restoring legal certainty. The conclusion of this research emphasizes that the presence of PPATS is an absolute requirement in the creation of authentic deeds to ensure legal protection, prevent disputes, and strengthen legal certainty in Indonesia's agrarian sector.



Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji implikasi hukum akibat ketidakhadiran Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah Sementara (PPATS) dalam proses penandatanganan akta jual beli tanah dan dampaknya terhadap keabsahan transaksi. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada pentingnya akta jual beli tanah sebagai bukti autentik yang memiliki kekuatan hukum dalam sistem agraria di Indonesia, yang harus memenuhi ketentuan formal sesuai Peraturan Pemerintah No 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah beserta aturan pelaksanaannya. Urgensi penelitian ini muncul dari banyaknya kasus ketidakhadiran PPATS yang menyebabkan cacat hukum pada akta dan berpotensi menimbulkan sengketa serta ketidakpastian hukum bagi para pihak. Jenis penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketidakhadiran PPATS menyebabkan akta kehilangan keabsahan hukum dan tidak dapat digunakan sebagai dasar pendaftaran hak atas tanah di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Jepara. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis mekanisme pembatalan dan pembetulan akta yang cacat hukum melalui jalur administratif dan peradilan sebagai langkah pemulihan kepastian hukum. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa kehadiran PPATS merupakan syarat mutlak dalam pembuatan akta autentik untuk memastikan perlindungan hukum, mencegah sengketa, dan memperkuat kepastian hukum di sektor agraria Indonesia.